原位生长纳米羟基磷灰石晶须增强β-磷酸三钙多孔支架的生物安全性

背景：通过纳米羟基磷灰石原位生长明显提高了磷酸钙支架的强度与韧性。 目的：体外评价纳米羟基磷灰石晶须/β-磷酸三钙(nHAW/β-TCP)作为人工骨支架材料的生物相容性。 方法：急性全身毒性试验：30只小白鼠随机分为静脉实验组,腹腔实验组和对照组,分别注射浸提液及生理盐水,24,48,72 h观察动物的一般状态。溶血试验：材料浸提液与稀释人鲜血混合观察红细胞溶解情况,545 nm下检测A值计算溶血率;致敏试验：16只豚鼠随机分为实验组、阴性对照组和阳性对照组,每只豚鼠脊柱两侧皮内注射等体积nHAW/β-TCP支架材料浸提液、生理盐水及二硝基氟苯。于注射后即刻和24,48,72 h观察局部皮肤反应。细胞毒性试验：材料浸提液培养细胞进行细胞形态大体观察,采用CCK-8法观察细胞活性。 结果与结论：急性全身毒性试验：人工骨浸提液静脉及腹腔注射后不引起小鼠呼吸、进食改变或死亡,体质量稳定。溶血试验：nHAW/β-TCP的溶血率小于ISO规定的5%,可认为这种材料无溶血作用。致敏试验：豚鼠皮内注射后未出现过敏反应。细胞毒性试验：CCK-8细胞毒性试验显示不同浓度人工骨浸提液的细胞毒性为0级。提示nHAW/β-TCP复合支架不引起全身毒性反应、溶血反应和过敏反应,且无细胞毒性,生物相容性良好,符合组织工程人工骨支架材料的应用要求。     

载药复合纳米人工骨的注射、凝固、抗稀散性及药物缓释放的性能研究

目的 考察纳米羟基磷灰石(n-HA)的载药情况,并复合α-半水硫酸钙(CSH)构建复合人工骨材料,比较载药与未载药的复合人工骨的各方面性能,以及对复合材料的药物缓释放情况进行考察.方法 用离子交换法把阿莫西林载入n-HA中,与未载药的n-HA用UV-vis和TEM进行对比检测.再分别以质量比1:1与CSH复合,并对两组复合人工骨的各方面性能进行对比考察.把复合材料浸泡于生理盐水,每天更新浸泡液,测试骨水泥中药物的释放效果.结果 n-HA可有效地运载入阿莫西林.载药组的注射性能优于未载药组,凝固时间、抗稀散性相差不大.药物在浸泡数天内持续释放.结论 n-HA可以作为药物缓释放载体,以质量比1:1与CSH构建复合人工骨材料,其注射性能、凝固时间、抗稀散性均能符合临床要求.     

医用钛合金Ti-6Al-4V基体/羟基磷灰石涂层复合材料的生物安全性评价

评价新型医用钛合金Ti-6Al-4V基体/羟基磷灰石涂层复合材料的生物安全性。通过遗传毒性试验、细胞毒性试验、骨植入实验和迟发型超敏试验,对Ti-6Al-4V基体/HA涂层复合材料进行安全性研究。该复合物试样在Ames实验中无诱变性,对体外CHL细胞不诱发染色体畸变,不引起体外V79细胞的基因突变,无体外细胞毒性。该检品在骨植入试验中,对局部组织无刺激。最大剂量试验法迟发型超敏试验显示,该检品无致敏性。该复合材料有良好的生物安全性。     

硫酸钙/纳米羟基磷灰石构建人工骨材料的实验研究

目的探索将纳米羟基磷灰石（n-HA）/硫酸钙与半水硫酸钙（2CaSO4·H2O,CSH）组合构建一种新型的人工骨材料,研究其降解速度、理化特性及物质的变化过程,并对该变化与构建人工骨材料的成骨活性的相互作用及关系进行分析。方法模拟人体体液SBF9#浸泡液,将5组样品进行浸泡测试;5组分别是：n-HA、CSH、CSH/10wt%HA、CSH/20wt%HA和CSH/40wt%HA,测定钙磷元素释放速率、失重率及CSH/HA变化并对复合人工骨材料表面形态作扫描电镜观察和XRD分析。结果体外浸泡后,n-HA在24h内质量失重50%,24h后基本稳定;CSH外形及失重变化稳定,但2周后仅剩余少量,到17天时完全降解;3组复合材料质量失重及外形变化不大。5组在浸泡后24h内均有Ca释放,但n-HA组的Ca释放低于其他4组,各组均有P元素释出,但随时间逐渐减少。XRD结果分析：复合人工骨材料浸泡中的峰值下降,HA峰值强度增高。电镜观察到浸泡后复合材料形成新的晶体形态。结论本研究将硫酸钙、纳米羟基磷灰石2种材料复合,其主要成分存在相互作用,在模拟人体体液浸泡的环境下出现表面Ca、P元素的释放-吸附动态过程并新生磷灰石层,材料的降解速度可通过调节成分配比而加以控制。     

β-TCP／HA双相骨修复材料的Ames试验研究

目的通过鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验（Ames试验）探讨组分比例分别为3：7和7：3的13磷酸三钙／羟基磷灰石（B—TCP／HA）双相骨修复材料的遗传毒性特征,以评价该材料的潜在致突变性。方法采用生理盐水（SC）和二甲基亚砜（DMSO）两种介质对试验样品浸提,采用平板掺入法进行试验,计数TA97、TA98、TA100和TA102菌株在活化和非活化条件下的回变菌落数,以检测其致突变比值。结果阴性对照和阳性对照结果成立。两种比例的材料采用SC或DMSO浸提,浸提液均未引起试验菌株回变菌落数超过阴性对照的2倍,即致突变比值MR均〈2。结论在本实验条件下,β-TCP／HA样品Sc浸提原液及DMSO浸提原液对标准试验菌株均无诱变性。     

羟基磷灰石涂层钛合金材料生物相容性研究初探

目的探讨一种新型的代骨材料--羟基磷灰石涂层的钛合金材料的生物相容性。方法制备羟基磷灰石涂层钛合金材料浸提液后,采用细胞毒性实验以观察实验样品浸提液对L929小鼠成纤维细胞的毒性反应;通过对小鼠尾静脉及腹腔注射试验样品浸提液后,观察其对小鼠的急性全身毒性反应;Ames实验及迟发型超敏反应实验对其遗传毒性及致敏性进行安全性评价。结果羟基磷灰石涂层钛合金材料浸提液对L929小鼠成纤维细胞的相对增殖率(RGR)为96.9%,细胞毒性反应为1级,无细胞毒性反应;对小鼠亦无明显的急性全身毒性作用,实验样品组与阴性对照组动物体质量差异无统计学意义(P0.05);遗传毒性Ames实验表明,在活化与非活化条件下,该材料浸提液对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌株的回变菌落数与对照组比均未增加2倍,对该菌株无诱变性;迟发型超敏反应实验显示,该材料浸提液无潜在的皮肤接触致敏性。结论羟基磷灰石涂层的钛合金材料具有良好的生物相容性。     

生物可吸收性涂层补片的细胞毒性和遗传毒性研究

生物可吸收性涂层补片在应用于临床前必须进行一系列生物学评价以保证其安全性,细胞毒性和遗传毒性研究是其体外筛选部分。细胞毒性研究以补片浸提液接触受试细胞,观察细胞的毒性反应。生物可吸收性涂层补片浸提液1.5 cm2/ml时,细胞毒性反应1级;生物可吸收性涂层补片浸提液3 cm2/ml时,细胞毒性反应2级。遗传毒性研究包括两个试验,细菌回复突变试验结果表明生物可吸收性涂层补片的浸提液对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌受试株无致突变性;体外哺乳动物细胞染色体畸变试验中,任一处理组的细胞生长率均与阴性对照处于同一水平,表明没有诱导哺乳动物体细胞产生染色体畸变。     

交联透明质酸凝胶膜的制备及其生物相容性的研究

制备交联透明质酸凝胶膜并评价其生物相容性.本研究采用己二酸二酰肼作为交联剂制备交联透明质酸凝胶膜,并采用GB/T16886医疗器械生物学评价标准规定的方法,对凝胶膜进行体外溶血试验、细胞毒性试验、急性毒性试验、眼刺激试验、皮内反应试验、致敏试验以及鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验、哺乳动物培养细胞染色体畸变试验和小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验等三项遗传毒性试验.结果表明交联透明质酸凝胶膜无溶血性、无眼刺激作用、无皮内刺激和致敏作用,未见急性毒性反应,细胞毒性0～1级;三项遗传毒性试验均为阴性.交联透明质酸凝胶膜具有良好的生物相容性,是一种理想的医用生物材料.     

Ames试验在羟基磷灰石人工骨材料评价中的应用

目的通过鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验(Ames试验)探讨羟基磷灰石人工骨材料的遗传毒性特征,以评价该材料的潜在致突变性。方法选择生理盐水(SC)和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)两种溶剂对试验样品浸提,采用平板掺入法,计数TA97、TA98、TA100和TA102菌株在活化和非活化条件下的回变菌落数,以检测其致突变比值。结果试验阴性对照和阳性对照结果有效,试验成立。采用SC或DMSO浸提,浸提原液均未引起试验菌株回变菌落数超过阴性对照的2倍,即致突变比值MR均<2。结论在本实验条件下,试验样品SC浸提原液及DMSO浸提原液对试验菌株无诱变性。     

止血防粘连生物纸的生物相容性研究

止血防粘连生物纸是一种采用天然多糖交链制成的新型可降解止血防粘连材料，具有纤维蛋白原活性增强作用和吸水后呈水凝胶结构起到隔离防粘连作用。本研究采用GB／T16886医疗器械生物学评价标准规定的全身急性毒性试验、皮内刺激试验、致敏试验、细胞毒性试验、植入试验和基因毒性试验方法评价生物纸的生物相容性，以验证其安全性和有效性。试验结果显示生物纸无全身急性毒性、无皮内刺激作用、无致敏作用，细胞毒性0～1级；植入肌肉内2周、4周和8周有轻度炎症反应，可见异物巨细胞，细胞内可见材料吞噬体；基因毒性采用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验（Ames试验），哺乳动物培养细胞染色体畸变试验和小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验均为阴性，说明生物纸无基因毒性。结论：生物纸具有良好的生物相容性，没有观察到不良反应，符合临床使用要求。     

可吸收羟基磷灰石/聚DL-乳酸复合骨折内固定材料的生物相容性研究

可吸收骨折内固定材料要求具有良好的生物相容性。对自行研制的可吸收羟基磷灰石／聚ＤＬ乳酸（ＨＡ／ＰＤＬＬＡ）复合骨折内固定材料进行了一系列生物相容性实验,包括Ａｍ ｅｓ 实验、微核实验、急性和亚急性毒性实验、溶血实验、凝血试验和肌肉、骨内长期植入实验。结果表明,ＨＡ／ＰＤＬＬＡ 材料无毒,无致突变性,不引起溶血和凝血。结论：ＨＡ／ＰＤＬＬＡ 复合材料具有很好的生物相容性。     

可吸收羟基磷灰石／聚DL—乳酸复合骨折内固定材料的生物 …

可吸收骨折内固定材料要求具有良好的生物相容性。对自行研制的可吸收羟基磷灰石／聚ＤＬ－乳酸（ＨＡ／＝ＰＤＬＬＡ）复全骨折内固定材料进行了一系列生物相容性实验,包括Ａｍｅｓ实验,微核实验、急性和亚急性毒性实验、溶血实验、凝血试验和肌肉、骨内长期植入实验。结果表明,ＨＡ／ＰＤＬＬＡ材料无毒,无致突变性,不引起民血和凝血,结论：ＨＡ／ＰＤＬＬＡ复全材料具有很好的生物相容性。     

Fabrication and characterization of hydroxypropyl guar-poly (vinyl alcohol)-nano hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

Biocompatible bone implants composed of natural materials are highly desirable in orthopedic reconstruction procedures. In this study, novel and ecofriendly bionanocomposite hydrogels were synthesized using a blend of hydroxypropyl guar (HPG), poly vinyl alcohol (PVA), and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) under freeze-thaw and mild reaction conditions. The hydrogel materials were characterized using various techniques. TGA studies indicate that both composites, HPG/PVA and HPG/PVA/n-HA, have higher thermal stability compared to HPG alone whereas HPG/PVA/n-HA shows higher stability compared to PVA alone. The HPG/PVA hydrogel shows porous morphology as revealed by the SEM, which is suitable for bone tissue regeneration. Additionally, the hydrogels were found to be transparent and flexible in nature. In vitro biomineralization study performed in simulated body fluid shows HPG/PVA/n-HA has an apatite like structure. The hydrogel materials were employed as extracellular matrices for biocompatibility studies. In vitro cell viability studies using mouse osteoblast MC3T3 cells were performed by MTT, Trypan blue exclusion, and ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining methods. The cell viability studies reveal that composite materials support cell growth and do not show any signs of cytotoxicity compared to pristine PVA. Osteoblastic activity was confirmed by an increased alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity in MC3T3 bone cells grown on composite hydrogel matrices.     

纳米微球负载抗生素/羟基磷灰石复合支架的缓释性能及治疗感染性骨缺损的研究

目的 评价新型纳米微球负载抗生素/羟基磷灰石复合支架材料的体外缓释性能及治疗感染性骨缺损的疗效。方法 运用HPLC法检测不同时间点药物的体外释放量。建立兔胫骨感染性骨缺损动物模型24只,共分为4组：a组动物仅单纯清创;b组植入1 mg Lev/PMMA;c组植入n-HA/PU;d组植入1 mg Lev/n-HA/PU。在植入材料术后6周、12周观察放射学、组织病理学,Micro CT评价新骨生成。评价新型复合材料控制感染、诱导成骨能力、治疗感染性骨缺损的效果。结果 1 mg Lev/n-HA/PU组比1 mg Lev/PMMA组释放的抗生素更多（P＜0.05）,缓释性能表现更好。单纯清创组X线表现出局部骨破坏、死骨形成。1 mg Lev/n-HA/PU组无明显骨破坏。Micro CT发现1 mg Lev/n-HA/PU组材料周围新生骨小梁数量与其余三组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,结论 新型载抗生素复合支架材料具有良好的缓释性能、抗感染能力、骨诱导能力,可有效治疗胫骨感染性骨缺损。     

Biocompatibility and osteogenesis of biomimetic nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

In this study, we prepared nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide (n-HA/PA) composite scaffolds utilizing thermally induced phase inversion processing technique. The macrostructure and morphology as well as mechanical strength of the scaffolds were characterized. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow of neonatal rabbits were cultured, expanded and seeded on n-HA/PA scaffolds. The MSC/scaffold constructs were cultured for up to 7 days and the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of MSCs into osteoblastic phenotype were determined using MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and collagen type I (COL I) immunohistochemical staining and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The results confirm that n-HA/PA scaffolds are biocompatible and have no negative effects on the MSCs in vitro. To investigate the in vivo biocompatibility and osteogenesis of the composite scaffolds, both pure n-HA/PA scaffolds and MSC/scaffold constructs were implanted in rabbit mandibles and studied histologically and microradiographically. The results show that n-HA/PA composite scaffolds exhibit good biocompatibility and extensive osteoconductivity with host bone. Moreover, the introduction of MSCs to the scaffolds dramatically enhanced the efficiency of new bone formation, especially at the initial stage after implantation. In long term (more than 12 weeks implantation), however, the pure scaffolds show as good biocompatibility and osteogenesis as the hybrid ones. All these results indicate that the scaffolds fulfill the basic requirements of bone tissue engineering scaffold, and have the potential to be applied in orthopedic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery.     

Preparation and properties of nano-hydroxyapatite/PCL-PEG-PCL composite membranes for tissue engineering applications

Nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA)/poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL-PEG-PCL, PCEC) composite membranes were prepared by solvent casting and evaporation method. The structure and properties of the membranes were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle measurements, in vitro hydrolytic degradation, mechanical test, and cell culture. The effect of n-HA content on physical-chemical properties of the n-HA/PCEC composite membranes was studied. The results showed that the shape and size of micropores of the composite membranes changed with n-HA content increased; the tensile strength decreased with the increase of n-HA content. The osteoblast cell was cultured on the membranes, good cell attachment and growth manner were observed after postseeding for 1 day. MTT assays showed that the n-HA/PCEC membranes had no negative effect on the cell viability and proliferation. These results suggested that the obtained n-HA/PCEC composite membranes in this study might have prospective applications in tissue engineering field.     

n-HA/PA66椎体增强器和椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的生物力学效果对比

目的对比研究n-HA/PA66椎体增强器和椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性骨折椎体的生物力学效果,并为临床上选择n-HA/PA66椎体增强器的入路方式和数量提供理论依据。方法在正常椎体T11～L3有限元模型的基础上,建立4种增强器-椎体T11～L3有限元模型(横突入路A、横突入路B、腰大肌入路A和腰大肌入路B)、两种删除椎体横突间韧带的对照组模型,以及两种骨水泥-椎体T11～L3有限元模型(1.8、3.6 mL骨水泥)。在9种有限元模型上均施加500 N垂直荷载和7 N·m不同方向力矩,计算分析模型在垂直、前屈、后伸、侧弯和扭转工况下的应力和位移,并基于计算结果探究两种不同骨质疏松性椎体骨折治疗方法对椎体的生物力学影响。结果在相同荷载工况下,注入骨水泥后椎体的应力较植入增强器后椎体的应力增加更大,且位移减量更小。4种增强器-椎体T11～L3有限元模型中,采用腰大肌入路A方式(即经腰大肌单侧植入1枚增强器)植入增强器使得椎体应力增加最小。结论为了降低应力增加而引起再次骨折的风险,同时增强骨折椎体的刚度,建议临床医生应优先采用经腰大肌单侧植入1枚增强器来治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折。     

Porous nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite hydrogel as artificial cornea fringe: characterization and evaluation in vitro

A nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(vinyl alcohol) (n-HA/PVA) composite hydrogel was employed as artificial cornea fringe to improve biocompatibility for the firm fixation between material and surrounding host tissues. The morphology and swelling behavior, as well as mechanical strength of the fringes were characterized. The results showed that the n-HA/PVA fringes had interconnective porous structure, high water content and good mechanical properties. With the aid of cell culture observed by inverted microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and MTT test, it was concluded that PVA hydrogel modified with n-HA can improve biocompatibility and has no negative effects on the corneal fibroblasts in vitro. These findings indicate that the porous n-HA/PVA fringe can allow invasion and proliferation of cells, and can function as a fringe for artificial cornea.