APPswe转基因小鼠海马结构中谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸能神经元的数量变化

目的:探讨谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸在阿尔茨海默病(AD)发生、发展中的作用.方法:利用硫磺素S染色技术检测APPswe转基因小鼠脑内沉积的老年斑;免疫荧光技术标记正常及APPswe转基因小鼠海马发育过程中谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)阳性细胞. 结果: 模型组小鼠海马CA1、CA3区以及齿状回谷氨酸阳性细胞的数量明显少于正常对照组,而海马各区的GABA阳性细胞在两者之间变化不明显.结论: 谷氨酸与GABA能神经元数量的改变与Aβ诱导的神经元凋亡以及AD的病理发生有关.     

上调锌指和含BTB域20表达对APPswe/PSE9转基因阿尔茨海默病小鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的 探讨上调锌指和含BTB域20(A20)表达对APPswe/PSE9转基因阿尔茨海默病(AD)小鼠学习记忆影响及其对海马神经元凋亡的抑制作用.方法 将APPswe/PSE9转基因小鼠40只分为4组,分别为对照组、AD组、干扰小RNA(siRNA)-AD组和A20-AD组.选择携带高表达A20的腺病毒为干扰药物,采用Morris水迷宫实验观察小鼠空间学习记忆能力,采用Westren blottong技术检测A20的表达,采用免疫组织化学法观察各种小鼠海马CA1区P53表达情况.结果 与AD组比较,A20-AD组小鼠学习记忆功能有所改善,海马CA1区神经元凋亡率显著降低,海马CA1区P53表达显著降低.结论 上调A20表达能提升APPswe/PSE9转基因小鼠学习记忆能力,可使APPswe/PSE9转基因小鼠海马CA1区P53表达降低.     

谷氨酸受体与γ-氨基丁酸_A受体在APPswe转基因小鼠海马结构中的表达

目的探讨谷氨酸受体和γ-氨基丁酸A(GABAA)受体在阿尔茨海默病(AD)发生、发展中的作用。方法利用免疫荧光技术标记正常及APPswe转基因小鼠P0至P360各年龄段海马CA3区N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体亚单体1(NMDAR1)、GluR2/3和GABAARα1-6阳性细胞,并利用免疫印迹法对海马组织内NMDAR1和GABAARα1-6的活化片段进行半定量分析。结果在模型组与对照组小鼠海马CA3区,NMDAR1、GluR2/3和GABAARα1-6在出生后P7时明显增加,P30达到高峰,以后逐渐下降至成年水平;与同龄对照组相比,老龄(P360)模型鼠NMDAR1和GluR2/3阳性细胞密度明显减少(P0.05),而GABAARα1-6阳性细胞密度变化不明显(P0.05)。免疫印迹法检测结果与免疫荧光技术统计结果吻合。结论 NMDAR1和GluR2/3表达下降与AD相关的神经退行性疾病有关;而GABAARα1-6在AD发病中的作用尚不能确定。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对APP/PS1双转基因小鼠神经元突触可塑性和神经细胞黏附分子表达的影响

目的 观察表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯 (EGCG) 对淀粉样前体蛋白（APP）/早老素1(PS1)双转基因小鼠空间学习记忆能力、海马 CA1 区突触超微结构和神经细胞黏附分子表达的影响。方法 选用 8 周龄雄性APP/PS1双转基因小鼠随机分为模型组、EGCG组、盐酸多奈哌齐组,另以同窝阴性小鼠设立正常组,每组 12 只。连续灌胃给药 6 个月后进行相关指标检测。采用 Morris 水迷宫实验观测APP/PS1转基因小鼠空间学习记忆能力;透射电子显微镜观察小鼠海马CA1区突触超微结构; 分别采用免疫荧光法及免疫印迹法检测APP/PS1转基因小鼠海马CA1区神经细胞黏附分子（NCAM）和唾液酸转移酶（ST8Sia Ⅱ）的蛋白表达。结果 与正常组比较,模型组逃避潜伏期延长;与模型组比较,EGCG组、盐酸多奈哌齐组小鼠逃避潜伏期下降 (P＜0.05)。电子显微镜结果显示,与模型组比较,EGCG组和盐酸多奈哌齐组突触界面曲率变化不明显;突触间隙宽度变窄,突触后致密物厚度增加（P＜0.05）。免疫荧光结果显示,海马CA1区NCAM、ST8Sia Ⅱ蛋白表达在神经元的胞体内,EGCG组和盐酸多奈哌齐组NCAM、ST8Sia Ⅱ蛋白表达明显增加 (P＜0.05),免疫印迹实验发现其含量亦呈高表达水平(P＜0.05)。结论 EGCG对 APP/PS1 转基因小鼠的空间学习记忆功能具有改善作用,其机制可能与影响小鼠海马突触结构,提高小鼠海马神经黏附分子表达有关。     

APPSWE转基因小鼠发育过程中海马CA1区神经细胞凋亡研究

目的 探讨APPSWE转基因小鼠发育过程中海马CA1区神经细胞凋亡规律.方法 取不同发育时间(P0、P7、P14、P30、P90、P180)APPSWE转基因模型鼠与同时间点对照鼠,Nissl染色观察海马结构和锥体细胞形态,免疫组织化学方法观察海马细胞内Caspase-3表达变化,RT-PCR检测Caspase-3 mRNA表达变化.结果 随着小鼠的生长发育,P14时间点以后,模型组CA1区神经元Caspase-3阳性细胞密度比对照组高,RT-PCR检测结果与Caspase-3免疫组织化学结果基本一致.结论 APPSWE转基因小鼠发育中的海马神经细胞过度凋亡可能与阿茨海默病的发生、发展具有联系.     

神经节苷脂对APP/PSI双转基因AD小鼠海马caspase-3和iNOS表达的影响

目的本实验利用APP/PS1双转基因阿尔茨海默病(AIzheimer disease,AD)小鼠模型,观察神经节苷脂对AD小鼠学习记忆能力及海马caspase-3与诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达的影响。方法 APP/PS1双转基因模型小鼠20只,随机分为AD模型组(10)和神经节苷脂(GM1)组(10),再取同窝阴性小鼠10只,作为对照组。经跳台试验和水迷宫试验进行行为学测试,用免疫组化方法Western blot方法检测各组小鼠海马caspase-3与iNOS的表达变化。结果 AD模型组小鼠的学习和记忆成绩明显低于对照组(P0.05),而GM1组小鼠明显高于AD模型组(P0.05)。AD模型组小鼠海马caspase-3与iNOS蛋白阳性表达的平均光密度值显著高于GM1组小鼠和对照组小鼠(P0.05)。结论下调AD小鼠海马区caspase-3与iNOS的表达可能是GM1改善AD小鼠学习和记忆功能的机制之一。     

大鼠丘脑前核内海马下托复合体谷氨酸能传入终末与皮质投射神经元的突触联系

目的 探讨大鼠丘脑前核-海马下托复合体神经元环路的突触结构及谷氨酸分布特征.方法 应用HRP束路追踪结合包埋后胶体金免疫电镜技术.结果 在丘脑前核内,可见HRP顺行标记的海马下托复合体传入轴突终末,终末多为卵圆形,内含圆形透亮突触小泡和数个线粒体.其做为突触前成分与HRP标记的树突或非HRP标记的树突形成非对称性突触.在谷氨酸胶体金免疫反应切片上,胶体金颗粒标记胞体、树突、轴突终末等.HRP标记的轴突终末和一些非HRP标记的与突触后成分形成非对称性突触的轴突终末(Gray Ⅰ型)内,胶体金颗粒密度明显大于背景(胞体、树突、Gray Ⅱ型轴突终末等)的胶体金颗粒密度.其平均胶体金颗粒密度为突触后树突的3倍多,为对称性轴突终末(Gray Ⅱ型)的6倍多.在两张邻近的连续切片,γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)胶体金免疫反应切片上,GABA胶体金颗粒浓重标记Gray Ⅱ型轴突终末,背景标记极少;而非对称性轴突终末(Gray Ⅰ型)胶体金颗粒标记极弱.谷氨酸胶体金免疫反应切片上,Gray Ⅱ型轴突终末胶体金颗粒标记极弱.GABA阳性轴突终末与HRP标记的树突形成对称性突触,在同一树突上可见GABA能轴突终末形成的对称性突触和其他轴突终末形成的非对称性突触.结论 丘脑前核内来自海马下托复合体投射神经元的轴突终末是谷氨酸能的;来自海马下托复合体皮质投射神经元轴突终末,在丘脑前核与投射至海马下托皮质的神经元树突形成非对称性轴-树突触.     

β-淀粉样前体蛋白转基因小鼠发育过程中海马 CAI区神经细胞凋亡变化

目的:探讨瑞典家系β-淀粉样前体蛋白(APPSWE)转基因小鼠发育过程中海马 Cal 区神经细胞凋亡规律.方法:取不同发育时间(P0、P7、P14、P30、P90、P180)APPSWE 转基因模型鼠与同时间点对照鼠,Nissl 染色观察海马结构和锥体细胞形态,免疫组织化学方法观察海马细胞内 Caspase-3 表达变化,RT-PCR 检测 Caspase-3 mRNA 表达变化.结果:随着小鼠的生长发育,P14 时间点以后,模型组 Cal 区神经元 Caspase-3 阳性细胞密度比对照组高;RT-PCR 检测结果与Caspase-3 免疫组织化学结果基本一致.结论:APPSWE 转基因小鼠发育中的海马神经细胞过度凋亡可能与阿尔茨海默病的发生、发展具有联系.     

银杏叶提取物对AD模型小鼠海马谷氨酸转运体GLAST表达的影响

目的探讨银杏叶提取物对AD模型小鼠海马谷氨酸转运体GLAST表达的影响。方法采用双侧海马CA1区注射Aβ_(1-42)法测定正常对照组、AD模型组、AD+银杏叶提取物低剂量组(30 mg·kg~(-1)·day~(-1))、中剂量组(60 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))、高剂量组(120 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))动物海马中GLAST的变化。结果经银杏叶提取物处理后,模型组动物存活率增加;小鼠海马组织中Aβ_(1-42)阳性沉积明显减少,且高剂量组减少最为明显;AD模型组GLAST阳性表达明显减少(P0.05);银杏叶提取物处理组小鼠海马区GLAST阳性表达出现增加,银杏叶提取物中剂量组GLAST阳性表达增加最为显著(P0.05)。结论银杏叶提取物具有缓解Aβ诱导神经毒性的作用,对AD模型小鼠海马中谷氨酸转运体GLAST具有调节和保护作用。     

β-淀粉样前体蛋白转基因小鼠发育过程中海马CA1区神经细胞凋亡变化

目的：探讨瑞典家系β-淀粉样前体蛋白（APPSWE）转基因小鼠发育过程中海马CA1区神经细胞凋亡规律。方法：取不同发育时间（P0、P7、P14、P30、P90、P180）APPSWE转基因模型鼠与同时间点对照鼠，Nissl染色观察海马结构和锥体细胞形态，免疫组织化学方法观察海马细胞内Caspase-3表达变化，RT-PCR检测Caspase-3mRNA表达变化。结果：随着小鼠的生长发育，P14时间点以后，模型组CA1区神经元Caspase-3阳性细胞密度比对照组高；RT-PCR检测结果与Caspase-3免疫组织化学结果基本一致。结论：APPSWE转基因小鼠发育中的海马神经细胞过度凋亡可能与阿尔茨海默病的发生、发展具有联系。     

5-羟色胺3A受体在成年小鼠海马中间神经元中的分布

目的:利用成年5-HT3AR-BACEGFP转基因小鼠,研究5-羟色胺3A受体(5-HT3AR)在海马中间神经元中的分布情况。方法:成年5-HT3AR-BACEGFP转基因小鼠经心脏灌注固定后,利用免疫荧光双标记方法,并结合激光共焦显微镜扫描技术,观察5-HT3AR在成年5-HT3AR-BACEGFP转基因小鼠海马中不同中间神经元内的表达和分布情况。结果:5-HT3AR在成年小鼠整个海马中都有分布,且主要在CA1区、CA2/CA3区和齿状回有大量5-HT3AR免疫阳性细胞;激光共聚焦显微镜下观察到5-HT3AR阳性产物在细胞核、细胞浆和树突上均有表达;免疫荧光双标实验结果表明5-HT3AR阳性产物在CB(calbindin),CR(calretinin),Reelin,Som(somatostatin),NPY(neuropeptide Y)和VIP(vasoactive intestinal peptide)免疫阳性神经元中表达,但在PV(parvalbumin)免疫阳性神经元中不表达。定量结果显示:几乎所有的VIP阳性神经元均表达5-HT3AR阳性,约3/4的CR阳性神经元表达5-HT3AR,约1/2的CB、Reelin、NPY和Som阳性神经元表达5-HT3AR阳性;约1/4的5-HT3AR阳性神经元中表达Reelin,1/5的表达Som,5-HT3AR/CB和5-HT3AR/CR双标神经元各占5-HT3AR阳性神经元的1/10左右。结论:5-HT3AR-BACEGFP转基因小鼠能够作为研究海马中5-HT3AR功能及其在中间神经元中的作用机制研究的工具鼠。     

Cajal-Retzius细胞调节锥体细胞顶树突发育及海马片层化的形成

目的 探讨Cajal-Retzius(CR)细胞与海马锥体细胞顶树突发育以及海马片层化形成的关系.方法 利用DiI示踪法标记槽通路和穿通通路,并采用微管蛋白(tubulin)、神经元核抗原(NeuN)和Reelin免疫荧光染色法,对120例小鼠苔藓纤维的发生、锥体细胞顶树突的生长以及海马分子层Reelin阳性的CR细胞...     

Reelin in the extracellular matrix and dendritic spines of the cortex and hippocampus: a comparison between wild type and heterozygous reeler mice by immunoelectron microscopy

Reelin is a glycoprotein ( approximately 400 kDa) secreted by GABAergic neurons into the extracellular matrix of the neocortex and hippocampus as well as other areas of adult rodent and nonhuman primate brains. Recent findings indicate that the heterozygote reeler mouse (haploinsufficient for the reeler gene) shares several neurochemical and behavioral abnormalities with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with mania. These include (1) a downregulation of both reelin mRNA and the translated proteins, (2) a decrease in the number of dendritic spines in cortical and hippocampal neurons, (3) a concomitant increase in the packing density of cortical pyramidal neurons, and (4) an age-dependent decrease in prepulse inhibition of startle. Interestingly, the heterozygous reeler mouse does not exhibit the unstable gait or the neuroanatomy characteristic of the null mutant reeler mouse. Immunocytochemical studies of the expression of reelin in mice have been primarily limited to light microscopy. In this study we present new immunoelectron microscopy data that delineates the subcellular localization of reelin in the cortex and hippocampus of the wild-type mouse, and compares these results to reelin expression in the heterozygous reeler mouse. In discontinuous areas of cortical layers I and II and the inner blade area of the dentate gyrus of the wild type mouse, extracellular reelin is associated with dendrites and dendritic spine postsynaptic specializations. Similar associations have been detected in the CA1 stratum oriens and other areas of the hippocampus. In the hippocampus, reelin expression is more expansive and more widespread than in cortical layers I and II. In contrast, extracellular reelin immunoreactivity is greatly diminished in all areas examined in the heterozygous reeler mouse. However, some cell bodies of GABAergic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus demonstrate an increased accumulation of reelin in the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. We suggest that in the heterozygous reeler mouse a downregulation of reelin biosynthesis results in a decreased rate of secretion into the extracellular space. This inhibits dendritic spine maturation and plasticity and leads to dissociation of dendritic postsynaptic density integrity and atrophy of spines. We speculate that the haploinsufficient reeler mouse may provide a model for future studies of the role of reelin, as it may be related to psychosis vulnerability.     

Reelin in the extracellular matrix and dendritic spines of the cortex and hippocampus: a comparison between wild type and heterozygous reeler mice by immunoelectron microscopy

Reelin is a glycoprotein (400 kDa) secreted by GABAergic neurons into the extracellular matrix of the neocortex and hippocampus as well as other areas of adult rodent and nonhuman primate brains. Recent findings indicate that the heterozygote reeler mouse (haploinsufficient for the reeler gene) shares several neurochemical and behavioral abnormalities with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with mania. These include (1) a downregulation of both reelin mRNA and the translated proteins, (2) a decrease in the number of dendritic spines in cortical and hippocampal neurons, (3) a concomitant increase in the packing density of cortical pyramidal neurons, and (4) an age-dependent decrease in prepulse inhibition of startle. Interestingly, the heterozygous reeler mouse does not exhibit the unstable gait or the neuroanatomy characteristic of the null mutant reeler mouse. Immunocytochemical studies of the expression of reelin in mice have been primarily limited to light microscopy. In this study we present new immunoelectron microscopy data that delineates the subcellular localization of reelin in the cortex and hippocampus of the wild-type mouse, and compares these results to reelin expression in the heterozygous reeler mouse. In discontinuous areas of cortical layers I and II and the inner blade area of the dentate gyrus of the wild type mouse, extracellular reelin is associated with dendrites and dendritic spine postsynaptic specializations. Similar associations have been detected in the CA1 stratum oriens and other areas of the hippocampus. In the hippocampus, reelin expression is more expansive and more widespread than in cortical layers I and II. In contrast, extracellular reelin immunoreactivity is greatly diminished in all areas examined in the heterozygous reeler mouse. However, some cell bodies of GABAergic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus demonstrate an increased accumulation of reelin in the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. We suggest that in the heterozygous reeler mouse a downregulation of reelin biosynthesis results in a decreased rate of secretion into the extracellular space. This inhibits dendritic spine maturation and plasticity and leads to dissociation of dendritic postsynaptic density integrity and atrophy of spines. We speculate that the haploinsufficient reeler mouse may provide a model for future studies of the role of reelin, as it may be related to psychosis vulnerability.     

A role for neurotrophin-3 in targeting developing cholinergic axon projections to cerebral cortex

This study examined the relationship between expression of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and the ingrowth of cholinergic axonal projections in cerebral cortex. Patterns of expression of NT-3 (defined by beta-galactosidase reporter expression in heterozygous offspring of transgenic NT-3(lacZneo/+) mice) revealed that limbic cortical regions (including frontal, cingulate, and insular cortex, as well as the dentate gyrus) express NT-3 and that these cortical regions receive early and relatively dense cholinergic axons (stained for acetylcholinesterase, AChE). Using the dentate gyrus as a model system, studies revealed that expression of the NT-3 reporter parallels, and precedes by approximately 2 days, the ingrowth of AChE positive cholinergic axons. Studies of forebrain organotypic slice cultures demonstrate that basal forebrain-derived cholinergic axons extend into cortical regions in a pattern that mimics the pattern of expression of the NT-3 reporter. Similarly, chimeric co-cultures, combining wild type septum with a slice of hippocampus from heterozygous NT-3(lacZneo/+) mice, demonstrate that cholinergic axons grow into regions of the dentate gyrus that express the NT-3 reporter. Hemisphere slice cultures made from NT-3 knockout mice reveal cholinergic axonal growth into cortex, but these axons do not form the regional pattern characteristic of slice cultures made from wild type or heterozygous NT-3(lacZneo/+) mice. Further, chimeric co-cultures made using slices of wild type septum combined with slices of hippocampus from NT-3 knockout mice demonstrate robust cholinergic axonal growth into the hippocampus, but the cholinergic axons do not form the characteristic preterminal pattern associated with the dentate gyrus. Slice cultures from limbic cortical tissue from the NT-3 null mice do not display exaggerated levels of cell death. In aggregate, these data support the hypothesis that expression of NT-3 by cortical neurons serves to attract basal forebrain cholinergic projections to their target cells in cerebral cortex.     

Differences in lesion-induced hippocampal plasticity between mice and rats

We studied the differences between mice and rats in lesion-induced sprouting in the hippocampus. The entorhinal cortex was unilaterally lesioned with ibotenic acid in adult, female mice and rats. Four weeks later the subsequent axonal sprouting in the dentate gyrus was analysed, by measuring the density of the synaptophysin immunohistochemical and acetylcholinesterase histochemical staining in the termination area of the entorhinal cortex axons. The data demonstrate that both mice and rats display a significantly increased density of staining for synaptophysin and acetylcholinesterase in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, indicative of axonal sprouting. Both species also show an upregulation in the density of staining for acetylcholinesterase in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Further, rats, but not mice, show a significant upregulation of synaptophysin staining in stratum lacunosum moleculare of CA1 following the lesions. However, whereas rats show significant shrinkage of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, mice do not show any shrinkage of that layer following entorhinal cortex lesions. Taken together, these data indicate that whereas the process of reinnervation in the hippocampus is similar between the mouse and the rat, the hippocampal response to denervation shows clear differences between these two species.     

孕期应激对子代雌鼠成年后钙结合蛋白Parvalbumin和Calretinin表达的影响

目的　探讨孕期应激对子代雌鼠成年后钙结合蛋白阳性神经元表达的影响。 方法　6只SD孕鼠随机分为孕期应激组（PS组）和对照组（CON组）。PS组孕鼠在妊娠晚期接受限制性应激,CON组不给予孕期应激。子代成年后,PS组和CON组雌性子代随机分别又分为PS-S组,PS-NS组,CON-S组和CON-NS组（n均=6）。PS-S组和CON-S组动物先后接受限制性应激和冰水应激。动物在接受应激后均给与水和酒精喂养,用Western blot检测海马钙结合蛋白Parvalbumin（PV）和Calretinin（CR）蛋白的表达,进一步结合共聚焦免疫荧光组织化学方法检测PV和CR在海马CA1、CA3区和齿状回（dentate gyrus,DG）的表达。 结果　与CON-NS组相比,海马区PV和CR的蛋白表达在CON-S,PS-NS和PS-S组下降,以PS-S组表达最低。PV在海马CA1、CA3区和DG的免疫荧光结果与PV的蛋白表达呈一致性,免疫阳性细胞明显减少;而CR的表达除了在海马CA1区的PS-NS组略有升高外,在其余各组的表达均较减少。与CON-NS组相比,PV和CR在其它各组的蛋白表达和免疫阳性细胞计数差异有统计学意义,其中以PS-S组的表达降低最为有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论　孕期应激可影响子代雌鼠成年后海马结构钙结合蛋白PV和CR的表达。     

GABA(A) receptor gamma subunits in the hippocampus of the rat after perforant pathway lesion

Immunohistochemical and Western blotting techniques were employed to examine the alterations in immunostaining of the gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) receptor subunits gamma 1/3 and 2 within the hippocampus of the rat brain at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days after a unilateral perforant pathway lesion. At 1, 3, and 7 days post-lesion, we observed a remarkable decrease in gamma 1/3 neuropil staining in the deafferented zone (i.e., the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus ipsilateral to the lesion), although at 3 and 7 days post-lesion, staining intensity was considerably recovered. At 14 days post-lesion, the gamma 1/3 immunostaining was indistinguishable from that of controls and it appeared yet more robust at 30 days post-lesion. We also observed a slight decrease in gamma 2 neuropil staining until 7 days post-lesion, and an increase in gamma 2 staining at 30 days post-lesion. Western blot analysis demonstrated data that was relatively consistent with our immunohistochemical observations, although gamma 3 was hardly detectable. Our study suggests that gamma subunits of the GABA(A) receptor in the dentate gyrus display a plastic response to the deafferentation of the perforant pathway.     

Repeated exposure to corticosterone,but not restraint,decreases the number of reelin-positive cells in the adult rat hippocampus

Stress is an important risk factor for the emergence of depression, but little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms by which stress might promote depressive symptomatology. Much of the research on this topic has focused on stress-induced changes in hippocampal plasticity, specifically the idea that decreased hippocampal plasticity could be a precipitating factor for depression. Interestingly, recent evidence has described a regulatory role for the extracellular matrix protein reelin in important aspects of neural plasticity within the hippocampus and dentate gyrus. Given this association between reelin and hippocampal plasticity, we investigated whether repeated exposure to corticosterone or physical restraint might decrease reelin expression in specific hippocampal regions. Rats were subjected to either 21 days of corticosterone injections or physical restraint and then sacrificed so that the number of reelin-positive cells throughout the hippocampus and dentate gyrus could be quantified using immunohistochemistry. Our results revealed a significant decrease in the number of reelin-positive cells in the CA1 stratum lacunosum and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in rats that received corticosterone, but not in rats that received restraint. Interestingly, these results parallel our previous observation that corticosterone increases depression-like behavior but physical restraint does not. These novel findings suggest that altered reelin signaling could play a role in the expression of depressive symptomatology after exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids.     

马桑内酯致痫大鼠海马神经元丢失及化学性质的研究

为观察癫痫发作过程海马神经元丢失细胞的主要死亡方式 ,用马桑内酯建立慢性致痫大鼠模型 ,以 Nissl染色、免疫组化、TUNEL法以及后二者相结合的技术 ,对海马神经元及其中的抑制性神经元的丢失进行了分区观察、统计、分析。结果发现 :致痫组海马各区神经元较对照组明显减少 ,不同区域减少程度不同 ,以齿状回减少最为明显 ;免疫组化结果显示 ,致痫组的抑制性神经元 GABA-IR神经元、PV-IR神经元、CB-IR神经元在海马各区有不同程度的减少 ,其中 GABA-IR神经元减少最明显。在海马各区所有丢失的神经元中 ,三种抑制性神经元所占的比例不同 ;并在海马各区均可见到 TUNEL -GABA、TUNEL-PV、TU NEL-CB双重反应阳性神经元。提示 :马桑内酯所致的癫痫发作 ,可引起海马神经元丢失 ,且不同区域丢失的程度不同 ,丢失的神经元可能以凋亡方式为主 ;海马抑制性神经元 GABA-IR、PV-IR、CB-IR神经元在癫痫发作过程中也有不同程度的丢失 ,丢失很可能也是以凋亡形式为主