全寄宿制小学生核黄素营养状况及评价指标探讨

目的：了解全寄宿制小学生核黄素营养状况,并探讨核黄素营养评价指标。方法：对某寄宿制小学6~8岁儿童核黄素摄入情况进行膳食调查,并对全血谷胱甘肽还原酶活性系数（BGRAC）及负荷尿核黄素排出量进行测定。结果：被调查对象核黄素营养状况不良,膳食中核黄素摄入量偏低,尚不足营养素供给量（RDA）的70％。实验室检查,BGRAC缺乏率为54％,负荷尿核黄素排出量缺乏率为53％,两结果趋于一致。结论：进行群体核黄素营养状况评价时,负荷尿核黄素排出量仍不失为评价指标之一。     

医大学生维生素营养水平分析

为了进一步了解维生素Ｃ、维生素Ｂ12 的营养状况 ,配合实践教学 ,本文作者于 2 0 0 1年 4月对本院护理系 99名女生进行了膳食调查及尿负荷试验。1　对象和方法1.1　对象　护理二、三年级学生 ,年龄均在 19-2 1岁。1.2　膳食调查　自拟调查表 ,采用记帐法 ,调查三天学生各自摄入的食物种类及数量 ,按《食物成分表》[1] 供给标准进行评价。1.3　尿负荷试验　采用 4小时尿负荷法 ,受试者午饭后半小时 ,排空尿液后 ,同时口服核黄素 5ｍｇ ,抗坏血酸 5 0 0ｍｇ ,收集 4小时内尿液 ,利用荧光光度法测定核黄素排出量。用二氯酚靛酚测定抗坏血酸。…     

南通市城郊幼儿维生素C营养状况及影响因素分析

目的：研究南通市学龄前儿童维生素C营养状况及影响因素。方法：用2，4二硝基苯肼比色法测定4h负荷尿中总抗坏血酸的含量，用调查表收集可能的影响因素，并进行相应的统计分析。结果：4h负荷尿中总抗坏血酸的含量在冬、春两季分别平均为24.10mg,36.06mg；两分别有9．77％、6．40％的儿童维生素C营养不足，经多元逐步回归分析，季节，健康教育，居住地等三项因素被选入回归模型，结论：对幼儿及其家长施行营养知识车饮食卫生习惯的健康教育可望改善幼儿维生素C营养状况；在冬季更应注意给儿童提供新鲜蔬菜、水果，以保证维生素C的供给量。     

某些水溶性维生素营养状况评定的研究

用任意一次尿中某些水溶性维生素排出量与肌酐排出量的比值来作为评定人群的营养状况最为简便,能解决收集24小时尿量不易完整的困难。本文的人体实验结果证明,任意一次尿中肌酐排出量与全日尿中肌酐排出量有显著的相关,即使一日偶尔增加100—300g的酱牛肉,对全日尿中肌酐的排出量影响不大。任意一次尿中硫胺素、核黄素、N’-甲基尼克酰胺的排出量与肌酐排出量的比值,能够反映出绝大多数受试者这些维生素的营养状况,可作为评定人群营养状况的指标。     

热区空军雷达兵核黄素需要量的初步研究

雷达站工作人员核黄素需要量国內尚未见有报告。我们调查了热区二个空军雷达连的核黄素营养状况,每人每日平均摄取量为0.9～1.0mg,核黄素缺乏发生率为34.5％,较之其它维生素缺乏居首位,且缺乏症状、体征甚为明显,受检者中72.1％的人尿核黄素排出量呈不足或缺乏水平。因此,我们于1982年10月选择核黄素缺乏发生率较高的雷达连,进行了核黄素需要量的研究,现将结果报告如下。     

全寄宿制小不生核黄素营养状况及评价指标探讨

目的：了解全寄宿制小学生核黄素营养状况,并探讨核黄素营养评价方法。方法;对某寄宿制小学６－８岁儿童核黄素摄入情况进行膳食调查,并对全血谷胱甘肽还原酶活性系数及负荷尿核黄素排出量进行测定。结果：被调查对象核菌素营养状况不良,膳食中核黄素摄入量偏低。尚不足营养素供给量的７０％。     

强化食品加餐对小学生营养状况及生长发育的影响

以100名健康小学生为对象．分为强化食品组与普通食品组，于上午课间加餐，连续观察70天，比较两组学生的身高、体重、血清钙、核黄素负荷试验尿中排出量及维生素缺乏症情况。结果表明．强化食品组小学生的身高、体重增长明显；血清钙含量，核黄素排出量增加较多；VB2缺乏症检出率显著下降。提示，强化钙与VB2的食品对改善小学生营养状况和促进小学生生长发育有良好的效果。     

人体核黄素营养状况评价方法的探讨(简报)

<正> 人体核黄素营养状况的评定指标,有血液红细胞中核黄素的含量;全日尿中核黄素排出量;收集清晨一次空腹尿,同时测定核黄素及肌酐含量,并计算相当于每克肌酐的尿量中所含的核黄素量(简称1克肌酐尿核黄素量);负荷试验等。近年,推荐有更准确而特异性强的全血谷胱甘肽还原酶活性指标。为探讨适用于部队营养调查的,比较能简便又而反映人体     

补充微量营养素对儿童营养状况的影响

【目的】　研究补充多种微量营养素对儿童营养状况的影响,为促进儿童健康成长提供理论依据。　【方法】　选择浙江省仙居县某所小学在校9~12岁小学儿童,经常规健康体检,将健康儿童220名,随机分成两组,一组为微量营养素补充组,服用多种微量营养素片,另一组为空白对照组,补充期为6个月。试验前和结束时,测定血清视黄醇和25 (OH)D3 含量,进行维生素B1、维生素B2 和维生素C的4 h尿负荷试验。　【结果】　干预试验前后,补充组与对照组儿童的血清视黄醇含量、维生素A缺乏的发生率差异均无显著性(P均> 0.05)。试验结束时,两组儿童的血清25 (OH)D3 水平都比干预试验前显著降低,但是对照组降低的幅度显著大于补充组(P<0.001),并且补充组试验后的降低值显著低于对照组(P<0.01);补充组儿童的4 h负荷尿中维生素B2 和维生素C排出量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),并且补充组维生素C的增加值非常显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。　【结论】　补充多种微量营养素能维持儿童的血清25 (OH)D3 水平在适宜范围,改善儿童的维生素B2 和维生素C营养状况。     

我军重度劳动部队推荐的核黄素摄入量

目的探讨我军重度劳动部队核黄素的营养状况,为修订推荐的核黄素摄入量标准提供依据。方法选择驻南、北方地区的炮兵、装甲兵部队的11个基层单化官兵,共317人;采用膳食调查、体格检查、4h核黄素尿负荷试验法评价核黄素营养状况。结果各调查单位的膳食核黄素日摄入量为1.0～1.7mg;4h核黄素尿负荷试验结果表明,各调查单位核黄素营养状况处于正常状态的人员较少,处于缺乏或不足状态的人员较多;有核黄素缺乏症状者为5.7%(18/317)。通过计算,得出我军重度劳动部队预防核黄素缺乏的膳食核黄素推荐日摄入量为1.8mg。结论我军重度劳动条件下预防核黄素缺乏推荐的核黄素日摄入量可为1.8mg;从功能或充裕水平考虑推荐的核黄素摄入量尚需进一步研究。     

Effects of different levels of vitamin C intake on the vitamin C concentration in human milk and the vitamin C intakes of breast-fed infants

The influence of maternal intake of vitamin C on the vitamin C concentration in human milk and on the vitamin C intakes of breast-fed infants has not been demonstrated conclusively. This study examined these influences of diet and supplementation in 25 lactating women administered 90 mg of ascorbic acid for 1 day followed by 250, 500 or 1000 mg/day for 2 days or unsupplemented for 1 day followed by either 0 or 90 mg ascorbic acid supplement for 2 days. Vitamin C content in milk and urine was determined by the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method. Vitamin C intakes of infants were calculated from milk volume, as determined by the test-weighing method and from vitamin C levels in milk samples obtained at each feeding. Total maternal intakes of vitamin C, which exceeded 1000 mg/day or 10-fold the RDA for lactation (100 mg/day), did not significantly influence the vitamin C content in milk or the vitamin C intakes of infants. However, maternal vitamin C intake was positively correlated (r = 0.7) with maternal urinary excretion. These differences in milk and urine response to vitamin C intake suggest a regulatory mechanism for vitamin C levels in milk.     

Vitamin status of pediatric patients receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis

The oral vitamin intakes and concentrations of vitamins in blood of eight children on long-term peritoneal dialysis and six control children were measured. All patients received a daily supplement containing water-soluble vitamins. Serum concentrations of vitamin A, vitamin B-12, ascorbic acid, and folic acid and dialysate concentrations of ascorbic acid were determined. Thiamin and riboflavin were assessed by measuring erythrocyte enzyme activities. Vitamin B-6 was measured as plasma pyridoxal phosphate. Dietary vitamin intake was determined with weighed 3-d food records. The dialysis patients had significantly greater stores of vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxal phosphate, and folic acid than did the control population (P less than or equal to 0.01). The patients' combined dietary and supplemental intake of all vitamins except ascorbic acid was also significantly greater than the intake of the control group (P less than 0.01). Vitamin supplementation is associated with normal or greater-than-normal values of water-soluble vitamins in pediatric patients receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis.     

Use of biological markers to validate self-reported dietary intake in a random sample of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer United Kingdom Norfolk cohort

BACKGROUND: The validity of dietary assessment methods should be established before diet-disease associations are reported. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to validate a 7-d food diary and a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) against independent biomarkers of intake in urine (nitrogen, potassium, and sodium) and blood (plasma ascorbic acid). DESIGN: A total of 146 healthy middle-aged men and women were recruited from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer UK Norfolk cohort, a free-living cohort of approximately 25000 persons. Over a 9-mo period, urinary nitrogen, potassium, and sodium were estimated from 2-6 complete 24-h urine collections in 134 subjects and plasma ascorbic acid was estimated from 2-3 fasting blood samples in 118 subjects. Subjects completed 2 FFQs and two 7-d food diaries. RESULTS: In men and women combined, correlations between 24-h urinary nitrogen excretion and dietary intake from the 7-d food diary were high (r = 0.57-0.67) compared with those for the FFQ (r = 0.21-0.29). Similarly, correlations between urinary potassium and dietary potassium were higher for the 7-d food diary (r = 0.51-0.55) than for the FFQ (r = 0.32-0.34). There was no overall difference in correlations between plasma ascorbic acid and dietary vitamin C between the 7-d food diary (r = 0.40-0.52) and the FFQ (r = 0.44-0.45). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that, despite increased subject burden, the 7-d food diary provided a better estimate of nitrogen and potassium intakes than did the FFQ in this study population. However, with respect to plasma ascorbic acid, both the FFQ and 7-d food diary provided a similar ranking of subjects according to vitamin C intake.     

Prediagnostic plasma vitamin C levels and the subsequent risk of prostate cancer

OBJECTIVE: Antioxidants, such as vitamin C, are hypothesized to prevent prostate carcinogenesis by protecting the DNA from oxidative damage. We assessed whether higher prediagnostic plasma concentrations of vitamin C were associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer in a well-nourished cohort of men. METHODS: Plasma concentrations of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) were previously determined in blood specimens collected between 1984 and 1990 in men participating in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Total plasma ascorbic acid (L-ascorbic acid plus dehydro-L-ascorbic acid) levels were measured by using a modification of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method. Among the 498 male participants with measured plasma vitamin C levels, 62 men were subsequently diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for prostate cancer. RESULTS: The median plasma concentration of vitamin C for the cohort was 1.17 mg/dL, which is in the normal to high range for older men. The age-adjusted relative risk of prostate cancer for the highest quartile (median = 1.47 mg/dL, range = 1.36-2.58) compared with the lowest quartile (median = 0.83 mg/dL, range = 0.15-0.98) of plasma vitamin C concentration was 1.31 (95% confidence interval 0.63 to 2.70, P for trend = 0.29). Adjustment for cigarette smoking status, body mass index, or plasma cholesterol concentration did not attenuate the results. CONCLUSIONS: This small but prospective study suggests that higher plasma vitamin C concentrations within the normal physiologic range are not associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer in well-nourished men.     

通信兵战士营养水平与体质关系的研究

本研究通过对通信兵某部三个单位进行营养调查和体力检查，观察了通信兵战士营养水平与体质的关系。结果显示，战士２４ｈ尿中硫胺素、核黄素、抗坏血栓和血中维生素Ａ、Ｅ水平以一站最低，五连最高，二站居中。血中缬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、组氨酸、牛磺酸、Ｃａ、Ｚｎ含量一站最低，身体组成、生理功能和运动能力结果同样均以一站为差。硫胺素、抗坏血栓和谷氨酸含量与３０００ｍ跑时间均呈明显的双曲线负相关。提示为保持通信兵战士良好的体质，维持体内营养素处于适宜量水平是很有必要的。     

Effects of excess pantothenic acid administration on the other water-soluble vitamin metabolisms in rats

To acquire the data concerning the tolerable upper intake level which prevents health problems from an excessive intake of pantothenic acid, an animal experiment was done. Rats of the Wistar strain (male, 3 wk old) were fed on a diet which contains 0%, 0.0016% (control group), 1%, or 3% calcium pantothenate for 29 d. The amount of weight increase, the food intake, and the organ weights were measured, as well as the pantothenic acid contents in urine, the liver and blood. Moreover, to learn the influence of excessive pantothenic acid on other water-soluble vitamin metabolism, thiamin, riboflavin, a vitamin B6 catabolite, the niacin catabolites, and ascorbic acid in urine were measured. As for the 3% addition group, enlargement of the testis, diarrhea, and hair damage were observed, and the amount of weight increase and the food intake were less than those of the control group. However, abnormality was not seen in the 1% addition group. The amount of pantothenic acid in urine, the liver, and blood showed a high correlation with intake level of pantothenic acid. It was only for 4-pyridoxic acid, a vitamin B6 catabolite, in urine that a remarkable difference was observed against the control group. Moreover, the (2-Py+4-Py)/MNA excretion ratio for these metabolites of the nicotinamide also indicated a low value in the 3% pantothenic acid group. As for the calcium pantothenate, it was found that the 3% level in the diet was the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) and the 1% level was the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL).     

山区公路边铅污染对居民健康影响的研究

目的 探讨山区公路边居民铅蓄积状况与相关因素,以保护居民身体健康.方法 于2007年10月-2008年2月分层随机抽取山区公路边青壮年居民89名(接触组)和远离公路的同年龄段居民69名(对照组)作为研究对象.按拟定的调查表调查居民的基本情况与相关指标;采集居民血、尿样品,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血铅、尿铅,比较两组居民血铅、尿铅水平;测量居民体温、脉率和血压.分析铅污染对居民健康的影响;并对影响居民血铅水平的相关因素进行单因素分析、等级相关分析和多元回归分析.结果 接触组血铅[(94.19±26.51)μg/L]、尿铅水平[(15.36±7.67)μg/L]显著高于对照组[(62.83±13.33),(7.24±4.62)μg/L;t=8.9810、7.766 2,均P＜0.01];血铅与尿铅水平相关系数为0.902(P＜0.01).居民记忆力减退、易疲劳、卧位正常血压高值的发生率(或检出率)接触组明显高于对照组,坐位理想血压、坐位正常血压和卧位理想血压的检出率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或0.01).文化程度、住宅与公路距离、住宅已建年限和接触组居民血铅增高密切相关(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 山区公路两侧350m范围内的居民受到不同程度的铅污染,文化程度、住宅与公路距离和住宅已建年限是血铅增高的主要危险因素;铅污染对居民神经系统功能的完整性和血压产生影响,禁用含铅汽油、环境干预、营养干预和开展健康教育是防治铅污染的有效途径.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the body burden of lead and the related healtll effects in the residents living on the highway-sides of the mountain arieas in Fujian province,China.Methods Eighty-nine subjects living nearby the highway-sides(exposed group)and 69 subjects far away from the highway(control group)were recruited by stratified random sampling method.Their basic situation and relevant index were investigated with questionnaire;The lead levels of blood and urine were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method and compared;The temperature,pulse rate and blood pressure were taken to analyze the related health effects;and the influence factors of blood lead levels were analyzed by single factor analysis method.rank correlation analysis method and multiple regression analysis method.Results The blood and urine lead level of exposure groupf(94.19 26.51),(15.36±7.67)μg/L]were significantly higher than that of the control group[(62.83±13.33),(7.24±4.62)μg/L;t=8.981 0、7.766 2,P＜0.01);Blood and urine lead level correlation coefficient was 0.902,P＜0.01.The prevalence rate of memory decreasing,easy weary and the normal blood pressure high value in the exposure group wag higher compared with the control group.the detection rate of seat ideal blood pressurem,the seat normal blood pressure and the horizontal ideal blood pressure in the exposure group was obviously lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05 or 0.01).High blood lead in the exposure group was closely related to education,distance from house to highway and years of house built(P＜0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion Residents living within 350 meters far away from highway-sides in mountain areas were exposed to lead of various levels,education,distance from house to a highway and years of house built are the main risk factors for high blood lead.     

Effects of estrogen and progestogen on the ascorbic acid status of female guinea pigs

Female, adult guinea pigs were fed a low ascorbic acid diet ad libitum. Oral administrations of either estinyl (5 micrograms) or progestogen (250 micrograms) in combination with 5 mg of ascorbic acid (minimum requirement) daily for 21 d, resulted in significantly lower (P less than 0.05) concentrations of ascorbic acid in plasma, liver, adrenals and urine than in animals receiving only 5 mg of the vitamin. None of these animals showed any clinical signs of ascorbic acid deficiency. Clinical manifestations of scurvy were exhibited, however, when animals receiving no ascorbic acid supplement were treated with the steroid hormones for 7 d. All of these animals died by d 10. On the other hand, the animals receiving neither ascorbic acid nor the steroids remained free from any signs of scurvy, except one (out of six), which died by d 12. In vitro studies revealed a markedly higher rate of oxidation of ascorbic acid in the presence of either estinyl or progestogen than in untreated controls. These results were further supported by a higher level of plasma ceruloplasmin in animals receiving a combination of estrogen and progestogen than in animals receiving no hormones. An in vivo dose-related effect of ascorbic acid indicated that the steroid-mediated lowering effect of the vitamin status could be counteracted by increasing the dose of ascorbic acid from 5 to 10 mg/d for 2 wk. These results suggest that the interactions between oral contraceptive hormones and ascorbic acid may be of clinical importance only in the case of borderline intake of the vitamin.     

Comparison of plasma biomarkers with dietary assessment methods for fruit and vegetable intake

OBJECTIVE: To assess the variability and validity of plasma-based biomarkers of antioxidant vitamin, and fruit and vegetable intake. SETTING: Leeds, Wakefield, Huddersfield and Bradford, England. SUBJECTS: A total of 54 free-living, nonsmoking women recruited from participants of the UK Women's Cohort Study (UKWCS). METHODS: Two fasting blood samples were taken at two time points, 18 months apart. A 4-day food diary was completed prior to the first blood sample and a 24-h recall was conducted at the time of the second blood collection. All blood samples were analysed for ascorbic acid and four carotenoids. Associations between antioxidant vitamin intake from all food sources and supplements, as well as fruit and vegetable intake, and plasma levels of the antioxidant vitamins were assessed. RESULTS: Using the 4-day diary, positive associations were found between micronutrient intake from all food sources and plasma concentrations of ascorbic acid (P<0.01) and beta-carotene (P<0.01). No associations were seen between plasma micronutrient levels and specifically fruit and vegetable intakes. In general, associations between plasma levels and intakes assessed by the 24-h recall were less marked than those based on the 4-day diary. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma ascorbic acid and beta-carotene are good indicators of previous vitamin C and beta-carotene intake, from all food sources. However, caution is required in extrapolating these results to include individual food groups, rich in these vitamins. The results imply that the practice of using plasma biomarkers simply as a proxy measure of dietary intake is not valid and emphasise that plasma biomarkers are not simply a reflection of dietary intake, but also of a number of physiological processes. Biomarkers in nutrition epidemiological studies are however useful to measure nutrient status at the tissue level.     

中老年汉族妇女中维生素Ｄ 不足与血清尿酸的关系

摘要：目的　探讨中国汉族妇女中维生素Ｄ 不足与血清尿酸升高的关系。方法　以苏州市金阊区１７２６名
３０岁以上女性常住居民为研究对象,将年龄＜５５ 岁定义为绝经前妇女,年龄≥５５ 岁定义为绝经后妇女,
对其进行血压、身高、体重和腰围的测量,生活习惯、疾病史等情况的调查,血、尿样本采集,２５ 羟基
维生素Ｄ、血糖、血脂、血尿酸的检测。运用ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归模型分别在绝经前和绝经后妇女中分析维生素Ｄ
不足与尿酸升高的关系,犘＜０．０５表示差异有统计学意义。结果　在绝经后妇女中,尿酸升高者维生素Ｄ
水平明显低于尿酸正常者［中位数（四分位间距）：３５ （２８～５７）狏狊４０ （３２～５８）ｍｇ／Ｌ;Ｋｒｕｓｋａｌ Ｗａｌｌｉｓ
ｔｅｓｔχ
２＝７．５１２,犘＝０．００６］,维生素Ｄ 不足者中尿酸升高的比例显著高于维生素Ｄ 正常者（１６．５０％ 狏狊
８．０８％;χ
２＝１２．０８９,犘＜０．００１）。在绝经前妇女中,未发现维生素Ｄ 不足与尿酸升高的关联性。但是在
绝经后妇女中,与维生素Ｄ 正常者相比, 维生素Ｄ 不足者更容易发生尿酸升高（犗犚＝２．３８,９５％ 犆犐：
１．４７～３．８７）,此外,排除糖尿病和／或高血压患者后,维生素Ｄ 不足与尿酸升高的关系仍有统计学意义
（犗犚＝ ２．４８,９５％犆犐：１．１４～５．２６）。结论　在中国汉族绝经后妇女中,维生素Ｄ不足与尿酸升高显著相关。
关键词：维生素Ｄ;尿酸;女性
中图分类号：Ｒ５８９　　文献标识码：Ａ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１４）０４ ０３１４ ０６