护理干预对糖尿病视网膜病变患者生活质量的影响

目的:探讨分析护理干预手段对糖尿病视网膜病变患者生活质量的影响。方法:从本院2014年4月至2016年4月期间收治的所有糖尿病视网膜病变患者中随机选取80例患者,将其分成观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组用常规内科手法进行护理,观察组在常规护理手段的基础上根据不同患者的特点进行针对性的护理干预措施,最后比较护理前后两组患者Fbg、2hPG的平均值进行分析。结果:对比护理前后两组的平均Fbg和2hPG值以及生活质量量表评分,结果具有统计学差异(P0.05),证明采取护理措施有助于提高糖尿病视网膜病变患者的生活质量;对比观察组和对照组对患者采取护理后的生活质量评分比较,观察组高于对照组(P0.05),具有统计学意义,证明护理干预的效果优于普通疗法。结论:护理干预疗法有助于糖尿病视网膜病变患者的生活质量的提高,效果明显好于常规疗法,应在临床护理中加以推广。     

大型医院眼科与社区医院联合向糖尿病视网膜病变患者开展长效服务模式研究

目的采取大型医院眼科与社区医院联合护理的模型,对糖尿病视网膜病变患者进行长效护理,并对护理效果进行分析。方法 2017年12月～2018年11月,选择在我院就诊的糖尿病视网膜病变患者146例作为护理对象。采取随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和观察组两组。对照组采取常规护理方法。观察组患者采取大型医院眼科与社区医院联合护理的模式进行护理。从患者院外眼部护理的依从性和生存质量评分2个方面,对护理效果加以评价。结果观察组患者眼部护理依从性明显优于对照组,生存质量评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);结论采取大型医院眼科与社区医院联合护理的方法,有效提高了糖尿病视网膜病变患者的康复效果。     

心理护理改善老年抑郁症患者生活质量的对照研究

目的探讨对老年抑郁症患者采取心理护理干预对于改善生活质量、心理状态以及护理满意度的临床效果。方法选取于2017年7月~2018年7月到我院接受治疗的98例老年抑郁症患者进行研究,将其根据所采取的护理方案不同分为心理组和常规组,各49例。心理组给予心理护理指导和干预,常规组给予常规护理指导和干预,统计全部患者的临床资料,观察并比较心理组和对照组干预前后的生活质量评分、心理状态评分以及护理满意度等。结果两组患者干预前的生活质量评分差异无统计学意义(P 0.05),干预后心理组的心理功能评分、社会功能评分、身体健康状态评分均高于常规组;干预前两组患者的汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05),心理组干预后2周、4周以及6周的HAMD评分均显著低于常规组;心理组的护理满意度47例(95.92%)显著高于常规组40例(81.63%),两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对老年抑郁症患者采取心理护理干预,能够提高患者的生活质量和护理满意度,对改善患者的抑郁症状效果显著。     

心理护理对糖尿病精神抑郁障碍的影响

目的研究对于精神分裂症合并糖尿病患者实施早期心理护理的应用效果。方法广州市民政局精神病院救治六区于2015年5月~2016年5月收治的精神分裂症合并糖尿病患者56例,随机划分普通组28例与心理组28例,普通组接受一般护理流程,对后组在前组基础上着重加强对患者心理护理,观察生存质量评分及抑郁评分。结果心理组患者抑郁症状评分较高(P0.05);普通组患者生存质量评分较低(P0.05)。结论对于精神分裂症合并糖尿病患者而言,对其进行全面基础护理干预,指导患者正确用药,做好心理护理措施,大部分患者心理抑郁状况改善良好且生存质量较高。     

整体护理干预在糖尿病视网膜病变护理中的应用效果

目的探讨整体护理干预在糖尿病视网膜病变护理中的应用效果。方法选择我院2018年8月至2019年1月收治的50例糖尿病性视网膜病变患者,并将其随机分为对照组(n=25)和研究组(n=25),对照组患者接受常规的眼科护理,研究组患者接受整体护理干预,比较两组患者干预前后的血糖控制情况与视力水平以及干预后生存质量。结果与干预前相比,干预后两组患者各血糖指标均明显降低,且研究组低于对照组(P <0.05),干预后两组患者的视力水平均明显提高,且研究组高于对照组(P <0.05),干预后研究组患者的生存质量评分均显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。结论整体护理干预有助于控制血糖水平,调节视力,对糖尿病性视网膜病变患者具有积极意义。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者心理护理干预的评价

目的探讨心理护理干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）恢复期患者的效果。方法选择70例COPD患者,随机分为常规护理组34例和心理护理组36例,分别予以常规护理干预和心理护理干预,追踪观察两组患者的遵医行为、生存质量3个月。结果心理护理组的治疗遵医行为明显高于对照组（x^2。=7．01,P〈0．01）。生存质量评分较常规护理组更明显下降（P〈0．05）。结论心理护理干预能明显增强COPD患者治疗的遵医行为,提高治疗疗效,同时提高了患者的生存质量。     

糖尿病视网膜病变的眼科整体护理效果观察

目的：探讨整体护理在糖尿病视网膜病变患者中的应用效果。方法选取本院眼科2011年5月-2013年5月收治的糖尿病视网膜病变患者100例,采用随机数字表法分组,就眼科常规方案护理（对照组,n =50）与系统、整体护理干预（观察组,n =50）效果进行比较。结果两组干预前自我效能感量表（GSES）评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）;干预后观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。观察组眼病病变恶化率为2%,低于对照组8%。结论加强糖尿病视网膜病变患者的整体护理干预,可显著提高患者自我管理能力,防止不良事件发生,保障生存质量。     

饮食护理干预对糖尿病肾病患者饮食治疗依从性的影响分析

目的探讨饮食护理在糖尿病肾病护理中的应用效果。方法纳入2016年6月至2017年1月90例糖尿病肾病患者以数字表法分组。常规护理组进行常规化护理干预,饮食护理组采取的护理措施是常规护理+饮食护理。比较两组糖尿病肾病患者对护理服务满意度;平均住院时间、糖尿病肾病知识掌握度;干预前后患者饮食治疗依从性评分、生存质量QOL评分;半年再次入院率。结果饮食护理组糖尿病肾病患者对护理服务满意度高于常规护理组,P<0.05;干预前两组饮食治疗依从性评分、生存质量QOL评分相近,P>0.05;干预后饮食护理组饮食治疗依从性评分、生存质量QOL评分优于常规护理组,P<0.05。饮食护理组平均住院时间、糖尿病肾病知识掌握度(6.24±1.23)d、(96.13±3.61)分优于常规护理组(8.45±2.17)d、(82.67±3.57)分,P<0.05。饮食护理组半年再次入院率6.67%低于常规护理组22.22%,P<0.05。结论饮食护理在糖尿病肾病护理中的应用效果确切,可提升患者的治疗依从性,提高其疾病认知和缩短住院时间,提升满意度,减少再次入院的概率。     

心理护理对创伤后应激障碍患者的临床改善作用

目的：分析心理护理对创伤后应激障碍患者的临床改善作用,为临床护理提供参考。方法选取在2014年1月至2015年4月收治创伤后应激障碍患者122例为研究对象,依照入院时间分为观察组和对照组,对照组患者采取药物治疗和常规护理,观察组患者采取心理护理干预,分析2组患者护理效果。结果观察组患者护理总有效率（98种．4%）显著高于对照组（86．9%）（ P <0．05）。经过护理,2组患者PCL-C评分均得到改善,观察组患者PCL-C量表评分均显著低于对照组（ P <0．05）,观察组患者HAMA量表评分显著低于对照组（ P <0．05）,2组患者生存质量均得到提高,观察组患者生存质量评分显著高于对照组（ P <0．05）。结论创伤后应激障碍患者在常规治疗护理基础上采用心理护理干预能够提高治疗效果,改善患者临床表现,有助于患者康复,具有推广价值。     

血液透析患者常见心理问题评估与心理护理

目的:探讨支持性心理护理对尿毒症血液透析患者合并心理障碍的影响。方法:将80例尿毒症血液透析患者随机分成治疗组40例和对照组40例。对照组给予常规护理,治疗组在此基础上实施心理护理干预,应用SDS测定比较两组干预前后患者心理状况的变化。结果:血液透析患者SDS评分比较结果表明,心理护理干预后,治疗组SDS评分低于对照组。结论:支持性心理护理可有效改善维持性血液透析患者的心理状态,透析治疗效果和生存质量得以改善。     

The effect of quinidine on the analgesic effect of codeine

Summary We have studied the hypoalgesic effect of codeine (100 mg) after blocking the hepatic O-demethylation of codeine to morphine via the sparteine oxygenase (CYP2D6) by quinidine (200 mg). The study was performed in 16 extensive metabolizers of sparteine, using a double-blind, randomized, four-way, cross-over design. The treatments given at 3 h intervals during the four sessions were placebo/placebo, quinidine/placebo, placebo/codeine, and quinidine/codeine. We measured pin-prick pain and pain tolerance thresholds to high energy argon laser stimuli before and 1, 2, and 3 h after codeine or placebo.After codeine and placebo, the peak plasma concentration of morphine was 6–62 (median 18) nmol·.l^–1. When quinidine pre-treatment was given, no morphine could be detected (<4 nmol·l^–1) after codeine. The pin-prick pain thresholds were significantly increased after placebo/codeine, but not after quinidine/codeine compared with placebo/placebo. Both placebo/codeine and quinidine/codeine increased pain tolerance thresholds significantly. Quinidine/codeine and quinidine/placebo did not differ significantly for either pin-prick or tolerance pain thresholds.These results are compatible with local CYP2D6 mediated formation of morphine in the brain, not being blocked by quinidine. Alternatively, a hypoalgesic effect of quinidine might have confounded the results.     

Additive effect of dextromethorphan on the inhibitory effect of anti-NT4 on morphine tolerance

It has been proposed that opioid tolerance is a model of neuronal plasticity similar to learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests that neurotrophins may be involved in synaptic development and plasticity. Observations indicate that neurotrophin 4 (NT4) is required for the synaptic plasticity mediating both tolerance and memory. Also there are lines of evidence to indicate that NMDA receptors are involved in the neural plasticity underlying the development of opiate tolerance. Neurotrophins affect central transmission postsynaptically by enhancing NMDA receptor responsiveness. So we used the clinically available NMDA receptor antagonist, dextromethorphan, and the neurotrophin 4 antibody, anti-NT4, concomitantly and alone to investigate their effects on morphine tolerance. Tolerance was induced by injecting morphine (7 and 10 mg/kg i.p.) once per day for 4 days. Anti-NT4 (1 microg/rat i.c.v.) was administered 15 min before morphine. Results showed that chronic concomitant treatment of anti-NT4 with morphine in both doses inhibited the development of morphine tolerance. Also acute treatment of anti-NT4 significantly reversed the tolerance that was induced by morphine 7 mg/kg but failed to reverse the tolerance of morphine 10 mg/kg. Dextromethorphan in both doses (10 or 30 mg/kg) has an additive effect on the inhibitory effect of anti-NT4 on the reversal of morphine tolerance (7 mg/kg). These findings provide additional support for the hypothesis that NMDA receptor and NT4 may be involved in neural plasticity underlying opiate tolerance.     

基于中效方程的黄芩苷与小檗碱抗炎协同作用研究

黄芩苷和小檗碱分别是清热解毒药黄芩和黄连及其复方口服后主要的入血成分[1],二者体内外实验均表现出良好的抗炎活性[2,3],但联合应用的合理性研究还未见报道。本实验研究黄芩苷和小檗碱联合对经典炎症通路关键节点的影响,评价二者合用相关机制。     

英夫利西单抗治疗寻常性银屑病的疗效及对血脂代谢的影响

目的 回顾性分析英夫利西单抗治疗寻常性银屑病的疗效及对血脂代谢的影响.方法 纳入2015年1月至2020年12月在上海市皮肤病医院住院期间采用英夫利西单抗治疗的寻常型银屑病患者,比较治疗前后血脂代谢水平[包括甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1和载脂蛋白B]及银屑病皮损面积和严重程度指数(PASI)评分.结果 英夫利西单抗治疗寻常型银屑病疗效显著,平均PASI评分治疗前为15.30[12.00,19.65],在治疗后12、24及52周分别为1.20[0.20,3.65]、1.20 [0.60,3.40]和2.40[1.70,8.15]分,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).TG、载脂蛋白A1在治疗后12、24及52周较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HDL-C水平治疗后12周相比于基线短暂升高,继续治疗逐渐恢复至基线水平.而TG、LDL-C及载脂蛋白B治疗前后并未发现明显改变.结论 英夫利西单抗治疗寻常型银屑病疗效优越,上调银屑病患者的HDL-C和载脂蛋白A1水平,对银屑病炎症有保护作用;同时也可一定程度上调TG水平,对银屑病患者的血脂代谢有明确的影响.     

The effect of carbon disulphide on the stereotypic effect of dopamine agonists

Exposure to CS₂ increased the intensityof apomorphine-induced stereotypy in male rats without increasing the reaction time. With amphetamine, an indirect agonist of dopamine, exposure to CS₂ had a more intensive effect and significantly prolonged the length of reaction.     

小檗碱对葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的溃疡性结肠炎小鼠模型的治疗作用及其对肠黏膜闭合蛋白的影响

目的观察小檗碱对于葡聚糖硫酸钠( DSS)诱导的溃疡性结肠炎( UC)小鼠模型的治疗作用及其对肠黏膜闭合蛋白(occludin)表达的影响。方法于 2021年 6—12月建立 DSS诱导的小鼠 UC模型进行基础性研究。将 30只 BALB/c小鼠采用抽签法随机平均分为对照组、模型组和治疗组，除对照组(不造模、不干预)外，其余两组小鼠自由饮用 3%DSS溶液 7d建立急性 UC模型。治疗组每只小鼠每日予小檗碱( 20 mg/kg)灌胃，其余两组则每日予双蒸水 0.2 mL灌胃。使用疾病活动系数( DAI)评估小鼠临床症状的严重程度，结肠黏膜损伤评分(CMDI)、组织病理评分及结肠组织髓过氧化物酶( MPO)对结肠炎症程度进行评估。用蛋白质印迹法及免疫组织化学染色观察结肠黏膜中 occludin的表达情况。结果对照组、模型组及治疗组第 7日 DAI评分分别为( 0.00±0.00)、(3.23±0.94)、(1.87±0.67)分( P<0.001)；对照组、模型组及治疗组病理组织学评分分别为( 0.40±0.84)、(8.20±1.70)、(4.85±0.97)分( P<0.001)；对照组、模型组及治疗组 MPO分别为( 1.94±0.58)、(4.46±1.13)、(3.11±1.05)U/g(P<0.001)。与对照组相比，模型组小鼠的 DAI、CMDI及组织病理评分及 MPO升高，而 occludin蛋白水平降低；而与模型组相比，治疗组小鼠的临床症状及肠道的炎症程度明显减轻。结论小檗碱可能通过上调 occludin蛋白的表达保护肠黏膜屏障，进而改善 DSS诱导小鼠 UC模型的炎症程度。     

甘蔚乐对小鼠抗疲劳作用的研究

目的研究由黄精多糖、玉米低聚肽、黑茶茶多酚、氨基酸等为主要原料制备的功能营养剂甘蔚乐的抗疲劳作用。方法 50只昆明小鼠随机分为空白组(给予蒸馏水)、阳性对照组(给予西洋参)、甘蔚乐低剂量组(250 mg·kg~(-1))、中剂量组(500 mg·kg~(-1))和高剂量组(1000 mg·kg~(-1)),每组10只;连续灌胃给药21 d后,进行负重游泳测验,检测血中尿素氮、血乳酸、肝糖原和肌糖原含量。结果与西洋参类似,甘蔚乐组可显著延长小鼠负重游泳时间;降低血乳酸、血中尿素氮含量;提高肝糖原和肌糖原含量(P<0.05)。结论甘蔚乐具有良好的抗疲劳作用。     

The effect of phototherapy on neutrophils

BackgroundThe role of phototherapy on neutrophils has not been reviewed previously. This novel and non-invasive therapeutic approach is of particular interest for potential use in the treatment of pathologic processes in dermatology and infectious diseases in which neutrophils are the primary culprit.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to systematically review the role of phototherapy on neutrophils.MethodOriginal publications were identified through searches in PubMed, Medline, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library. Search terms used included “phototherapy and neutrophils,” “light therapy and neutrophils,” and “laser and neutrophils.” Studies were selected based on the level of evidence-based research.ResultsThe literature search revealed a total of 22 controlled laboratory studies that evaluated the role of phototherapy on neutrophils. Among the effects of phototherapy noted were increases in: the respiratory burst of neutrophils, apoptosis of polymorphonuclear cells, and plasma NO and iNOS mRNA. Other notable findings include decreased: number of neutrophils in areas of inflammation, ROS production, neutrophil anti-apoptotic factors, and IL-1β concentration. Studies on PDT demonstrated neutrophilia and resultant decreased tumor growth.ConclusionEvidence indicates that phototherapy has a significant impact on neutrophils, the effect of which varies according to the specific type of phototherapy. These findings have a variety of potential clinical applications including the treatment of various autoimmune conditions, inflammatory diseases, and cancers.     

Inhibitory effect of miconazole on melanogenesis

Miconazole (MIC), a regional antifungal agent, has been used worldwide in the treatment of superficial mycosis. However, the effect of MIC on skin pigmentation is not known. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of MIC on melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. Tyrosinase activity and melanin content were dose dependently decreased by MIC as compared with untreated cells. The level of tyrosinase protein expression was reduced with treatment MIC. A decrease in cell proliferation was observed in B16 cells treated with MIC 30 microM, indicating that the MIC-induced depigmenting effect was caused by inhibition of melanin synthesis and not by destruction of B16 cells. Furthermore, MIC markedly suppressed alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone or forskolin-induced tyrosinase activity in B16 cells. Therefore the depigmenting effect of MIC might be due to the inhibition of tyrosinase activity and tyrosinase expression, which eventually slows melanin biosynthesis. These results indicate that MIC may be a useful inhibitor of melanogenesis in B16 cells and suggest that it may have beneficial effects in the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders such as ephelis and melasma.