白细胞介素1对椎间盘细胞软骨特异性基因Sox9 mRNA的调节作用

目的探讨白细胞介素1（interleukin-1,IL-1）对人椎间盘细胞软骨特异性基因Sox9和Ⅱ型胶原基因表达的调节作用。方法应用RT—PCR技术检测IL-1对培养的椎间盘细胞中软骨特异性基因so西和Ⅱ型胶原基因mRNA表达的调节作用。结果在IL-1浓度为0．1ng／ml、1ng／ml和10ng／ml培养24h时,其对椎间盘细胞Sox9和Ⅱ型胶原基因mRNA可起到显著的负向调控作用;10ng／ml的IL-1随着培养时间的延长对椎间盘细胞中Sox9和Ⅱ型胶原基因mRNA出现显著的负向调控作用。结论IL-1可以按照剂量及时间依赖方式负向调节椎间盘细胞Sox9和Ⅱ型胶原基因的表达。     

骨形态发生蛋白-2对椎间盘细胞软骨特异性基因 mRNA的调节作用

目的探讨骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)-2对椎间盘细胞软骨特异性基因Sox9、Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白聚糖基因的调控作用.方法应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测BMP-2对培养的人椎间盘细胞中Sox9、Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白聚糖基因 mRNA表达的调控作用.结果在BMP-2浓度为100 μg/L(0.149±0.006,P<0.05)和1 000 μg/L(0.163±0.006,P<0.01)时,其对椎间盘细胞中Sox9基因 mRNA可起到显著的正向调控作用;在此浓度下,它也可以对Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白聚糖基因mRNA起到正向调控作用.结论 BMP-2可以按照剂量依赖方式正向调控椎间盘细胞中Sox9、Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白聚糖基因的表达.     

椎间盘髓核细胞中Sox9与Ⅱ型胶原基因表达的关系

目的：探讨椎间盘髓核组织中Sox9基阏表达的变化及其与Ⅱ型胶原基因表达的关系。方法：将30个椎间盘组织按Thompson分期分为Ⅰ～Ⅳ期．应用RT—PCR、Westernblot和免疫组化方法检测各期间盘组织巾Sox9、Ⅱ型胶原基因的mRNA和蛋白表达：应用SPSS10，0统计学软件．采用单闪素方差分析、t检验和Pearson相关性检验分析两者的相互关系。结果：椎间盘髓核组织巾Sox9mRNA的表达量在总体上低于Ⅱ型胶原，Sox9蛋白表达位于细胞核中而Ⅱ型胶原主要位于细胞间质内，Sox9在ThompsonⅠ期椎间盘的细胞核内表达很强而存Ⅳ期则很弱甚至缺失：从ThompsonⅠ-Ⅳ期两种基因的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均逐渐降低，各分期间有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。ThompsonⅠ～Ⅳ期标本巾Ⅱ型胶原与Sox9表达量的下降趋势相近。结论：Sox9和Ⅱ型胶原基因表达水平与Thompson分期密切相荚，随椎间盘退变程度加重表达逐渐降低，且两者下降趋势相近。     

BMP-7对IL-1β作用下软骨细胞合成和分解表型的影响

目的探讨在炎症因子白细胞介素（IL）-1β刺激下,骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）-7对小鼠关节软骨细胞合成表型及分解表型的作用,为 BMP-7用于骨关节炎（OA）治疗提供科学证据。方法将原代培养的小鼠关节软骨细胞分为6组,对照组包括未加处理的空白组、IL-1β（5 ng／ml）组,实验组包括3个浓度梯度（10、50、200 ng／ml）BMP-7分别与 IL-1β（5 ng／ml）共作用组、单独 BMP-7（200 ng／ml）组,作用时间为24 h。用逆转录-定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）检测Ⅱ型胶原（Col Ⅱ）、聚集蛋白聚糖（aggrecan）、Y 染色体性别决定结构域转录因子（Sox）9等合成基因及基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）-3、MMP-13、含Ⅰ型血小板结合蛋白基序的解聚蛋白样金属蛋白酶（ADAMTS）-5等分解基因表达变化。再用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）验证 MMP-3、MMP-13蛋白表达水平。结果在 IL-1β作用下,软骨细胞特异合成基因显著下调并表达分解表型。添加 BMP-7后,受抑制的合成基因得到一定程度恢复,MMP-3、MMP-13、ADAMTS-5等蛋白酶表达量明显减少,其中200 ng／ml BMP-7的促合成、抑分解作用最佳。单独 BMP-7作用于软骨细胞会上调 aggrecan 表达,但不影响 Col Ⅱ和Sox9表达。结论BMP-7对 OA 的治疗作用与 BMP-7调控炎症环境中软骨细胞合成表型和分解表型的能力相关。     

人BMP-4腺病毒表达载体对人退变腰椎间盘细胞的影响

目的研究人BMP-4腺病毒表达载体(adenovirus human BMP-4,Ad-hBMP-4)转染体外培养人退变腰椎间盘细胞后,对细胞蛋白多糖、Ⅱ型胶原及Sox9表达的影响。方法取Ad-hBMP-4重组腺病毒进行扩增,并检测病毒滴度。取ModicⅢ级、27～50岁腰椎间盘突出症患者自愿捐赠的退变椎间盘体外分离、培养椎间盘细胞,激光共聚焦显微镜观察Ⅱ型胶原在细胞中的表达。取第1代椎间盘细胞转染Ad-hBMP-4重组腺病毒(实验组),应用RT-PCR和Western blot法分别检测病毒转染后3、6 d细胞蛋白多糖、Ⅱ型胶原、Sox9基因及蛋白多糖、Ⅱ型胶原蛋白的表达,与未转染细胞(对照组)进行比较。结果 Ad-hBMP-4重组腺病毒滴度为5×106PFU/mL。激光共聚焦显微镜观察示Ⅱ型胶原主要表达于椎间盘细胞质。Ad-hBMP-4重组腺病毒转染后细胞形态无明显变化。转染3、6 d后实验组蛋白多糖、Ⅱ型胶原、Sox9 mRNA表达以及蛋白多糖、Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达均显著高于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组各指标3、6 d间比较差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 Ad-hBMP-4可有效转染体外培养人退变椎间盘细胞,促进细胞蛋白多糖、Ⅱ型胶原及Sox9表达,提示hBMP-4可能对早期退变的椎间盘具有修复功能。     

分化抑制因子1基因对BMP-2促进兔椎间盘软骨终板细胞软骨特性基因表达的影响

目的探讨通过慢病毒干扰细胞分化抑制因子1(inhibitor of differentiation 1,Id1)基因表达,对BMP-2促进兔椎间盘软骨终板细胞软骨特异性基因Ⅱ型胶原、蛋白多糖表达的影响。方法取新西兰大白兔椎间盘软骨终板组织分离培养软骨终板细胞,取第2代细胞进行实验。使用绿色荧光蛋白慢病毒、高表达Id1基因慢病毒及RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)Id1基因慢病毒转染椎间盘软骨终板细胞,采用荧光显微镜、实时荧光定量PCR及Western blot法观察慢病毒转染情况以及对细胞Id1基因和蛋白表达的影响。使用上述慢病毒与BMP-2慢病毒共同转染软骨终板细胞,并设置BMP-2慢病毒转染对照,通过实时荧光定量PCR、ELISA法观察Id1基因表达差异对BMP-2促进椎间盘终板软骨细胞合成Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白多糖的影响。结果慢病毒转染对细胞形态无明显影响,高表达Id1基因和RNAi Id1基因慢病毒能有效转染软骨终板细胞,并干扰内源性Id1基因的表达。BMP-2慢病毒和高表达Id1基因慢病毒共同转染软骨终板细胞后,Ⅱ型胶原、蛋白多糖基因表达和蛋白合成均显著高于BMP-2慢病毒、高表达Id1基因慢病毒单独转染,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Id1基因表达下降后,软骨终板细胞Ⅱ型胶原、蛋白多糖合成明显下调(P0.05)。结论 Id1基因表达上调能协同BMP-2促进软骨终板细胞Ⅱ型胶原、蛋白多糖表达。     

白介素-1β对髓核细胞MMP-1、2、9、13表达的影响

目的探讨IL-1β对人椎间盘髓核细胞表达基质金属蛋白酶MMP-1、2、9、13的作用。方法分离人椎间盘髓核细胞进行单层培养并利用甲苯胺蓝、番红O染色和Ⅱ型胶原免疫细胞化学染色进行鉴定,而后分别用10ng／ml和50ng／ml重组人IL—1β刺激体外培养的髓核细胞,RT-PCR检测基质金属蛋白酶-1、2、13的表达,定量PCR检测基质金属蛋白酶-9的表达。结果10ng／ml和50ng／ml重组人IL-1β均可促进髓核细胞基质金属蛋白酶-1、2、9、13的表达（P〈0．05）;基质金属蛋白酶-9、13表达随IL-1β浓度升高而升高（P〈0．05）。结论IL—1β可以促进人椎间盘髓核细胞表达基质金属蛋白酶-1、2、9、13,其加速了椎间盘基质分解的作用亦可能通过上述细胞因子的介导。     

高泳动家族性别决定基因9(Sox9)启动子转染软骨肉瘤细胞的实验研究

[目的]研究观察Sox9启动子在软骨肉瘤细胞中对软骨相关基因的调控与影响。[方法]将合成Sox9启动子表达质粒转染SW1535软骨肉瘤细胞,观察其在人体软骨肉瘤细胞中对Sox9基因和Ⅱ型胶原蛋白基因Col2a1蛋白及mRNA表达的影响。[结果]转染Sox9启动子后人体软骨肉瘤细胞中Sox9基因和Ⅱ型胶原蛋白基因Col2a1的蛋白表达及mRNA表达均较对照细胞强。[结论]外源性Sox9启动子可以稳定转染SW1535人体软骨肉瘤细胞,转染后可以增加Sox9基因和Ⅱ型胶原蛋白基因Col2a1蛋白及mRNA的表达。     

BMP-2对体外培养人牙囊细胞表达OPG和RANKL的影响

目的：研究BMP-2对体外培养人牙囊细胞表达OPG和RANKL的影响。方法：第5代人牙囊细胞免疫组化染色,检测人牙囊细胞中OPG和RANKL蛋白的表达;第5代人牙囊细胞与浓度为100ng/ml的BMP-2共同孵育0h、1h、3h、6h、12h、18h,RT-PCR法检测OPG和RANKL基因表达的变化。结果：人牙囊细胞OPG、RANKL免疫组化染色阳性;100ng/ml的BMP-2上调OPG蛋白的分泌,最佳效应时间为12～18h,下调RANKL基因的表达,最佳效应时间为6～12h。结论：人牙囊细胞存在OPG、RANKL蛋白的表达;100ng/ml的BMP-2可增强人牙囊细胞OPG蛋白分泌和基因表达,减弱RANKL基因的表达,降低RANKL/OPG的比值,抑制破骨细胞的形成。     

兔髓核细胞体外培养和重组人转化生长因子-β1对其代谢影响的研究

目的：探讨体外单层和立体培养兔髓核细胞时的变化及重组人转化生长因子-β1（rhTGF-β1，10ng／ml）对其代谢的影响。方法：体外培养兔髓核细胞，分为3组。A组，单层培养组；B组，Ⅱ型胶原支架立体培养组；C组，Ⅱ型胶原支架立体培养＋rhTGF-β1（10ng／m1）组。利用倒置显微镜、扫描电镜、RT-PCR、^3H-proline掺入法观察髓核细胞形态学、基因表达水平和总胶原合成的变化。结果：B、C组兔髓核细胞由A组的多角形转为类圆形；与A组相比，B组Ⅱ型胶原、集聚蛋白多糖基因表达水平升高（P〈0．05），总胶原合成升高（P〈0．01）。与B组相比，C组Ⅱ型胶原、集聚蛋白多糖、核心蛋白多糖基因表达水平增高（P〈0．01、P〈0．01、P〈0．05），总胶原合成升高（P〈0．01）。结论：兔髓核细胞由单层培养转到Ⅱ型胶原支架上培养时其基因表达和总胶原合成增强。rhTGF-β1（10ng／ml）增强立体培养的兔髓核细胞基因表达和总胶原合成。     

二溴海因/二氧化硅复合粒子的制备及其杀菌性能评价

通过实验室制备，合成了二溴海因／二氧化硅复合粒子，运用扫描电镜（SEM）与红外光谱（IR）进行了表征，SEM结果显示，在SiO2的表面覆合了二溴海因，红外光谱图表明，复合粒子中二溴海因和二氧化硅之间以物理作用方式结合，将单纯二溴海因与二溴海因／二氧化硅复合粒子溶解于水，测定其在水中的释放速度，结果表明：二溴海因／二氧化硅复合粒子中的二溴海因在水中释放的速度明显慢于纯二溴海因，且能维持较长的作用时间，比较纯二溴海因与含等量二溴海因的复合粒子对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制效果，发现在二溴海因含量高于有效抑茵浓度时，复合粒子对茵体的抑制效果高于纯二溴海因。     

The effect of pH and PCO2 on epidural analgesia with 2% 2-chloroprocaine

Increasing the pH of local anesthetics with sodium bicarbonate has been reported to hasten their onset of action. The purpose of this study was to compare the onset and duration of epidural analgesia with the use of sodium bicarbonate and tromethamine to increase the pH of 2% chloroprocaine (2CP). Five groups of patients were studied: Group I received 2CP; Group II received 2CP buffered to a pH of 7.1 with tromethamine; Group III received 2CP buffered to a pH of 7.1 with sodium bicarbonate; Group IV received 2CP buffered to a pH of 7.7 with tromethamine; and Group V received 2CP buffered to a pH of 7.7 with sodium bicarbonate. The final pH and PCO2 of each solution were measured. Time to onset of analgesia was significantly delayed with either of the tromethamine buffered groups (II [5.6 +/- 1.0 minutes] and IV [5.4 +/- 0.4 minutes]) when compared with data from the unbuffered control (I [4.4 +/- 0.1 minutes]) and the sodium bicarbonate buffered (III [4.5 +/- 0.8 minutes] groups and Group V [2.7 +/- 0.9 minutes]). Only when sodium bicarbonate buffer adjusted to pH 7.7 (Group IV) was onset significantly more rapid than the unbuffered 2CP (I) and tromethamine buffered 2CP (II and IV). Multiple regression analysis revealed that onset times were significantly related to both pH and PCO2. The coefficient of determination for this model was 0.5156.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Evaluation of the association of IGF2BP2 variants with type 2 diabetes in French Caucasians

OBJECTIVE—We performed a comprehensive genetic association study of common variation spanning the IGF2BP2 locus in order to replicate the association of the “confirmed” type 2 diabetes susceptibility variants rs4402960 and rs1470579 in the French Caucasian population and to further characterize the susceptibility variants at this novel locus.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We genotyped a total of 21 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms spanning the IGF2BP2 locus in our type 2 diabetes case-control cohort comprising 3,093 French Caucasian subjects.RESULTS—IGF2BP2 variants rs4402960 and rs1470579 were not associated with type 2 diabetes in the present study (P = 0.632 and P = 0.896, respectively). Meta-analysis of genotype data from over 34,000 subjects demonstrated that our inability to replicate rs4402960/rs1470579 was consistent with the findings from several previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets that were underpowered to detect this modest association signal (odds ratio [OR] 1.14). We obtained novel evidence that rs9826022, a borderline rare variant (5% minor allele frequency) in the 3′ downstream region, was associated with type 2 diabetes (P = 0.0002; OR 1.53 [95% CI 1.22–1.91]). This result was corroborated by the meta-analysis of 10,542 genotypes from the current study and GWAS datasets using both fixed (P = 9.47 × 10⁻⁶; 1.30 [1.16–1.46]) and random effects (P = 0.001; 1.30 [1.11–1.52)] calculations.CONCLUSIONS—We were unable to replicate the confirmed rs4402960/rs1470579 susceptibility variants but found novel evidence for a rare variant in the 3′ downstream region of IGF2BP2. Further genetic and functional studies are required to identify the etiological IGF2BP2 variants.The insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) gene on chromosome 3q27 is a paralog of IGF2BP1, a known regulator of IGF2 gene expression. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) carried out by the Finland-U.S. Investigation of NIDDM Genetics (FUSION) (1), the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) (2), and the Diabetes Genetics Initiative (DGI) (3) groups each found modest evidence that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IGF2BP2 region are associated with type 2 diabetes. The subsequent meta-analysis of primary and replication datasets from these GWASs corroborated these findings and identified two strongly correlated IGF2BP2 variants, rs1470579 and rs4402960, as “confirmed” type 2 diabetes susceptibility variants (1–3). By contrast, the French/Canadian GWAS (4) typed 10 SNPs across the IGF2BP2 locus, including rs1470579, in 1,363 subjects, but found no nominal (P < 0.05) association signals at IGF2BP2. In an attempt to replicate the IGF2BP2 association findings in the French Caucasian population in a larger study and to further characterize the susceptibility variants at this novel locus, we performed an association study of HapMap Phase II tag SNPs spanning the IGF2BP2 locus in 3,093 French Caucasian subjects.     

PlexinA2 mediates osteoblast differentiation via regulation of Runx2

The imbalance between bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts often leads to bone destructive diseases such as osteoporosis. In contrast to the development of several antiresorptive agents for osteoporosis therapy, discovery of anabolic drugs has been difficult because of an insufficient understanding of the complex mechanism of bone formation. In a microarray analysis with mouse preosteoblast cells, we found that PlexinA2 (PlxnA2), a molecule previously known to mediate axon guidance in neural development, was upregulated by the osteogenic factor BMP2. PlxnA2-specific siRNA decreased Runx2 expression, osteoblast differentiation, and mineralization. Runx2 overexpression restored osteoblastic differentiation of PlxnA2-knockdown cells. PlxnA2 was associated with both type 1 and 2 BMP receptors, and BMP2 increased the interaction between PlxnA2 and type 1 receptors. PlxnA2 also affected Smad and Akt signaling pathways downstream of BMP2. Taken together, the results of our study reveal that PlxnA2 has a pro-osteogenic function by modulating BMP2 signaling. Therefore, PlxnA2 may be a useful target for development of bone anabolic therapeutics.     

全麻腹腔镜胆囊切除术中PetCO2,PaCO2,PvCO2的变化

报告６例全麻醉腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ＬＣ）患者ＣＯ２气腹前后ＰｅｔＣＯ２，ＰａＣＯ２，ＰｖＣＯ２的变化，全麻诱导后气腹前，气腹后５ｍｉｎ，１５ｍｉｎ及放气后即刻分别记录各监测值。结果显示，气腹后ＰｅｔＣＯ２，ＰａＣＯ２，ＰｖＣＯ２，ＶＤ／ＶＴ，ａ－ｅｔＣＯ２均显著升高，ＰｅｔＣＯ２与ＰａＣＯ２及ＰｖＣＯ２与ＰａＣＯ２在各时刻均显著相关，但气腹后ＰｅｔＣＯ２与ＰｖＣＯ２的相关性变化无规律，ＰｖＣＯ２及Ｐ