钽金属臼杯重建髋臼骨缺损的近期疗效

 目的 探讨应用钽金属臼杯对不同类型髋臼骨缺损进行重建的近期疗效。方法 回顾性分析2009年8月至2012年4月在全髋关节置换术中使用钽金属臼杯重建髋臼骨缺损的连续21例患者的病例资料,男6例,女15例;年龄24~78岁,平均(53.7±16.2)岁。初次全髋关节置换5例：Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良2例、髋关节感染后遗高位脱位畸形2例、类风湿关节炎1例;全髋关节翻修16例：全髋关节置换术后感染二期翻修2例、髋臼金属炎性假瘤3例、假体无菌性松动11例。骨缺损Paprosky分型Ⅰ型9例,Ⅱa型4例,Ⅱb型5例,Ⅱc型1例,Ⅲa型1例,Ⅲb型1例。观察术后髋臼假体周围透光线、假体位置、生存率、并发症及Harris髋关节评分。结果 全部病例随访6~40个月,平均20.1个月。末次随访时PaproskyⅠ型患者的Harris髋关节评分(87.2±7.4)分,高于术前(41.1±6.3)分;Ⅱ型(79.8±11.8)分,高于术前(38.4±12.5)分;Ⅲ型为79分,高于术前24分。随访期间钽金属臼杯固定良好,未出现松动及移位,假体生存率100%。按照Anderson骨长入影像学评价标准,髋臼杯均出现不同程度骨长入。1例于DeLee-Charnley髋臼3区出现透光线,4个月后消失;1例于髋臼1区出现假体周围间隙,随访6个月未进展。1例于术后4周出现后脱位。结论 应用钽金属臼杯重建PaproskyⅠ、Ⅱ型髋臼骨缺损,能实现早期与宿主骨整合,近期疗效好。     

植骨技术结合金属网杯重建髋臼骨缺损在全髋关节置换术中的应用

 目的 评估植骨技术结合金属网杯重建髋臼骨缺损在全髋关节置换术中的应用价值。方法 2008年1月至2011年11月,采用植骨技术结合金属网杯重建全髋关节置换术中髋臼骨缺损32例(32髋),男23例,女9例;年龄51~76岁,平均66岁。初次全髋关节置换6例,翻修26例。PaproskyⅡB型骨缺损12例,采用打压植骨结合钛网重建;ⅡC型骨缺损13例,采用打压植骨结合钛网重建7例、打压植骨结合金属加强杯重建6例;ⅢA型骨缺损7例,采用结构植骨+打压植骨结合带翼金属加强杯重建6例、双层打压植骨结合钛网及金属加强杯重建1例。疗效通过影像学Gill金属网杯松动评定标准和Harris髋关节评分进行评估。结果 全部病例获得随访,随访时间12~25个月,平均22个月。术后12个月Harris髋关节评分由术前(44.00±11.71)分提高至(78.41±9.32)分;优24例、良4例、可4例,优良率87.5%。3例出现髋臼旋转中心轻度移位,1例发生脱位,其余28例未发生固定物松动、下沉及植骨吸收。结论 根据髋臼缺损Paprosky分型选择钛网或金属加强杯结合打压植骨或结构性植骨技术,可以重建髋臼骨缺损,从而提高髋臼杯的稳定性。     

钽金属大杯重建严重髋臼骨缺损的早期临床疗效观察

目的评估在全髋关节翻修术中应用钽金属Jumbo杯重建严重Gross型髋臼骨缺损的早期临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析了从2012年10月至2016年5月在山西医科大学第二医院关节外科使用钽金属Jumbo杯实施髋关节翻修手术患者17例。男6例,女11例,年龄49～78岁,平均(68± 7)岁。纳入标准：单侧初次翻修(对侧髋关节正常);翻修原因均为无菌性松动;Gross Ⅲ型和Gross Ⅳ型使用Jumbo杯翻修。排除标准：缺血性骨坏死;假体与宿主骨接触面积<30%;任何原因导致的失访。观察其髋关节Harris评分、髋臼外展角变化、髋臼旋转中心(水平及垂直方向位移)变化等情况及并发症,使用SPSS 22.0统计学软件包对手术前后计量指标进行配对t检验。 结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间(29±14)个月。没有出现假体松动,感染等并发症,只有1例患者于术后5 d后脱位,腰麻下闭合复位,术后皮肤牵引4周,至末次随访未发生脱位。术前Harris评分(32.8±4.8)分,末次随访时(87.1±4.7)分,差异有统计学意义(t＝62.46,P<0.05)。髋臼外展角和位移变化分别小于4°和4 mm,患侧髋臼中心(垂直距离和水平距离),末次随访时和术前相比,差异有统计学意义(t＝10.95,P<0.05;t＝5.53,P<0.05)。末次随访时健患侧髋臼旋转中心位置相比,差异无统计学意义(t＝1.78,P>0.05;t＝0.44,P>0.05)。术后髋臼旋转中心相比术前得到明显改变,与健侧相比差异不明显,基本重建了正常的髋臼旋转中心。 结论钽金属Jumbo杯增加与宿主骨接触面积,假体植入技术简单,减少植骨量,最大限度恢复旋转中心,臼杯骨长入快,可以取得显著的早期临床疗效。     

钽金属垫块重建PaproskyⅢ型重度髋臼骨缺损的近期疗效研究

目的:探讨钽金属垫块联合多孔钽杯翻修髋臼负重环骨缺损的方法及近期疗效。方法:自2009年3月至2012年12月分析在全髋关节翻修术中采用钽金属垫块联合多孔钽杯重建PaproskyⅢ型髋臼骨缺损的12例(12髋)患者,其中男5例,女7例;年龄45～78岁,平均64岁;病程3～32个月,平均16个月。按照Paprosky分类标准,均为PaproskyⅢ型髋臼骨缺损。所有患者翻修术中均采用钽金属垫块进行骨缺损的修复,并结合使用大直径的生物型髋臼杯进行翻修。记录患者的手术时间、出血量及术后并发症情况,并采用Harris评分进行疗效评价。结果:术后11例(11髋)获得随访,时间9～36个月,平均25个月,1例患者因车祸死亡而失访。所有患者手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合,手术时间2～6 h,平均3 h,术中出血量300～1 600 ml,平均900 ml.术后无深静脉血栓形成、假体周围骨折、假体周围感染、坐骨神经损伤等并发症出现。Harris评分由术前(46.25±8.99)分提高至术后的(83.75±6.76)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.14,P=0.00<0.05).本组优7例,良2例,可1例,差1例。结论:钽金属垫块适合于修复髋臼PaproskyⅢ型骨缺损,可修复各种类型的髋臼环缺损,结合颗粒性植骨填补内壁包容性缺损、嵌压于垫块与金属臼杯之间诱导骨长入,为治疗髋臼PaproskyⅢ型骨缺损提供了一种新的选择。     

CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术前计算机辅助设计

目的 探索采用计算机辅助技术,对接受全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)的CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良患者进行术前评估,确定髋臼大小、骨缺损程度,并在此基础上辅助手术设计、假体选择及骨缺损修复.方法 2011年3月至10月,共10例(13髋)CroweⅣ型高位脱位髋关节发育不良患者接受THA治疗.患者均为女性;年龄32～74岁,平均42岁.所有患者术前行髋关节三维CT扫描,然后将扫描数据输入Superlmage软件重建骨盆及髋臼.重建后在不同角度精确评估真臼位置,测量真臼大小及前后柱厚度,评估骨缺损程度;将髋臼试模、骨缺损修复材料(钽金属垫块)按1:1大小扫描输入计算机系统,进行术前模拟安放,确定髋臼假体大小、安放位置;髋臼假体安放后评估遗留的骨缺损,确定骨缺损修复材料,进行骨缺损修复模拟测试.结果 9例(12髋)术中实际安放髋臼假体型号与术前计算机辅助设计一致,1例(1髋)假体型号较术前设计大一号.所有患者髋臼安放位置与术前计划一致,均安放于真臼.髋臼骨缺损修复按术前设计:4髋因髋臼顶部骨缺损明显(臼顶部骨性覆盖＜70％),采用钽金属垫块修复骨缺损,以增强髋臼的稳定性;7髋采用Harris法自体股骨头植骨修复骨缺损;2髋髋臼杯植入后臼顶覆盖可,术中未植骨.结论 对CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良者行计算机辅助下THA术前设计,有助于术前精确评估真臼发育情况、大小及髋臼骨缺损,提高手术治疗精确性.     

多孔钽杯联合钽金属垫块翻修Paprosky Ⅲ型髋臼骨缺损的近期疗效

目的总结多孔钽杯联合钽金属垫块翻修PaproskyⅢ型髋臼骨缺损的近期疗效。方法回顾分析2011年3月-2014年10月,在髋关节翻修术中采用多孔钽杯联合钽金属垫块修复PaproskyⅢ型髋臼骨缺损的8例(8髋)患者临床资料。男3例,女5例;年龄45~78岁,平均64岁。关节置换术后1个月~12年,平均5.94年行翻修术。其中髋臼假体周围骨溶解及假体松动翻修5例,髋关节置换术后感染二期翻修3例。术前Harris评分为41~54分,平均46.25分。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。8例患者均获随访,随访时间1~45个月,平均16.25个月;其中获随访1年以上3例,2年以上2例。患者术前患髋疼痛、跛行均明显改善。末次随访时,Harris评分为79~89分,平均83.75分。X线片复查示,随访期间臼杯及垫块周围未见进行性透亮线,无1例出现臼杯松动、移位及螺钉断裂,且臼杯及垫块周围有骨密度增强,骨长入良好。结论多孔钽杯联合钽金属垫块翻修PaproskyⅢ型髋臼骨缺损,可保证假体良好初始稳定性及覆盖,且能实现早期骨长入,获得满意近期疗效。     

髋臼加强杯在髋臼翻修术中的应用

目的 观察髋臼加强杯在髋臼翻修手术中巨大髋臼骨缺损修复中的应用疗效.方法 2003年2月至2008年10月对12例在翻修术中存在严重髋臼骨缺损的患者采用植骨与髋臼加强杯重建髋臼骨缺损后固定假体.手术前、后情况进行临床评估及影像学评估.术前骨缺损分类按Paprosky分型:ⅡB型2例,ⅢA型6例,ⅢB型4例.术前Harris评分平均为35.2分.结果 术后所有患者均获随访,平均随访时间37个月(9～71个月);术后第一次随访时Harris评分平均为80.9分,末次随访时平均84.6分.术后假体无松动或断裂.有1例患者翻修术后6个月于髋臼Delee&Chamley Ⅲ区出现轻度放射线透亮带,但继续随访未进展.未出现假体失败而需要再次翻修病例.结论 采用髋臼加强杯联合植骨技术可有效修复髋臼骨缺损,重建髋臼结构稳定性,中短期随访疗效可靠.     

混合植骨技术结合髋臼加强杯或钛网杯重建髋臼严重骨缺损

 目的 探讨自体骨和异体冷冻干燥骨混合植骨方法在治疗髋臼严重骨缺损中恢复髋臼骨量的作用,评价混合植骨技术结合髋臼加强杯或钛网杯重建髋臼的临床效果。方法 1999年4月至2007年12月,采用自体骨和异体冷冻干燥骨混合打压植骨结合髋臼加强杯或钛网杯对髋臼严重骨缺损18例19髋进行重建。男8例,女10例;年龄33~76岁,平均64.7岁。全髋关节置换术后髋臼周围骨溶解导致髋臼假体松动而行翻修术17例,髋臼发育不良行髋臼截骨术后继发髋关节骨关节炎行全髋关节置换1例。Paprosky ⅡB型骨缺损5髋,Paprosky ⅡC型2髋,Paprosky ⅢA型6髋,Paprosky ⅢB型6髋。结果 全部病例随访3.6~12.3年,平均6.5年。Harris髋关节评分由术前平均(38.7±9.6)分提高至末次随访(87.6±7.8)分。术后3~6个月X线检查可见髋臼植骨区骨长入,1年后植骨区骨整合良好。随访期间未发现髋臼再松动病例。1例出现髋臼聚乙烯明显磨损,髋关节旋转中心上移。结论 自体骨和异体冷冻干燥骨混合打压植骨可有效恢复髋臼骨量,植骨中加入的自体骨可促进植骨区骨长入,混合植骨方法结合髋臼加强杯或钛网杯固定治疗髋臼严重骨缺损疗效确切。     

Jumbo臼杯处理髋关节翻修术中髋臼骨缺损的早期疗效观察

目的评估运用大号生物型臼杯(Jumbo臼杯)翻修髋臼骨缺损的早期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析了山东省立医院骨关节外科2010年4月至2014年12月期间经治的人工全髋置换术后存在不同程度髋臼骨缺损的33例患者(33髋),其中男15例,女18例,年龄平均(60±7)岁。31例患者为单侧初次翻修,2例患者为单侧二次翻修。翻修原因:不同程度骨溶解伴假体松动32例,髋关节置换术后感染1例。髋臼骨缺损按Paprosky分型,其中ⅡA型6例,ⅡB型8例,ⅡC型7例,ⅢA型6例,ⅢB型6例。其中7例采用双锥面螺旋臼(63~72)mm进行翻修,26例采用大号(52~68)mm钽金属臼杯联合颗粒性打压植骨、螺钉固定进行翻修。术后随访采用Harris髋关节评分标准评估髋关节翻修术后功能,影像学检查来观察假体位置、有无假体周围骨溶解及移植骨愈合情况,使用SPSS 19.0统计学软件包对手术前后计量指标进行配对t检验。结果 33例患者均获得随访,平均随访(22±11)个月。术前Harris评分平均(37±7)分,术后末次随访平均(84±4)分;不同Paprosky分型患者末次随访和手术前Harris评分比较有显著改善,差异有统计学意义(均为P0.05)。X线检查未发现臼杯松动或内固定移位,植骨愈合良好,仅有一例出现轻微骨吸收现象。患者术后疼痛消失或基本消失,无假体脱位、感染、排异反应、神经损伤等并发症出现。结论对于髋关节翻修术中存在髋臼骨缺损的患者,根据其缺损情况应用Jumbo臼杯联合打压植骨可为髋臼假体提供早期稳定,其短期随访效果良好。     

钽金属杯联合垫块治疗髋关节翻修髋臼骨缺损

[目的]评价多孔钽金属杯联合钽金属垫块在髋关节翻修中治疗髋臼巨大骨缺损的短期疗效。[方法] 2016年1月～2018年12月在山西医科大学第二医院应用多孔钽金属杯联合钽金属垫块治疗伴有严重髋臼骨缺损的髋关节翻修手术患者17例。男5例,女12例,年龄46～78岁,平均(63.94±8.81)岁。髋臼骨缺损分型:PaproskyⅡB型1例;IIIA型6例,IIIB型10例。Harris评分评估髋关节功能。[结果]所有患者均顺利完成手术,无神经、血管损伤等严重并发症。所有患者随访12～44个月,无脱位、松动、感染等并发症,假体存活率100%。末次随访时,髋关节功能良好,Harris评分较术前显著增加(P0.05)。[结论]多孔钽金属杯联合钽金属垫块在髋关节翻修中治疗髋臼巨大骨缺损的短期疗效良好。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Long-term follow-up of callotasis lengthening of the capitate after resection of the lunate for the treatment of stage III lunate necrosis

The callotasis lengthening technique was used to gradually lengthen the capitate after resection of the lunate in stage IIIa necrosis in 23 patients. Results of ten patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years showed rapid and sufficient callus formation in every patient regardless of age. The callotasis lengthening modification of the Graner II operation provides all advantages and avoids the major inconvenience of the traditional Graner II operation. There was no increased rate of disturbed fracture healing. Results of the DTPA-gadolinium MRI study did not show any significant impairment of vascularization within the region of the capitate bone. With the “intrinsic bone formation,” contrary to every other intercarpal arthrodesis at the wrist, there is no need for an additional bone graft.     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of rejection of a kindney allograft in the rat

Orthotopic DA (RT1^a) into Lewis (RT1¹) rat kidney allografts and control Lewis-into-Lewis grafts were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion measurement after intravenous injection of a superparamagnetic contrast agent. MRI anatomical scores (range 1–6) and perfusion rates were compared with graft histology (rank of rejection score 1–6). Not only acute rejection, but also chronic events were monitored after acute rejection was prevented by daily cyclosporine (Sandimmune) treatment during the first 2 weeks after transplantation. In acute allograft rejection (n=11), MRI scores reached the maximum value of 6 and perfusion rates were severely reduced within 5 days after transplantation; histology showed severe acute rejection (histologic score 5–6). In the chronic phase (100–130 days after transplantation), allografts (n=5) manifested rejection (in histology cellular rejection and vessel changes), accompanied by MRI scores of around 2–3 and reduced perfusion rates. Both in the acute and chronic phases, the MRI anatomical score correlated significantly with the histological score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r _s 0.89, n=30, P<0.01), and perfusion rates correlated significantly with the MRI score or histological score (r _s values between-0.60 and -0.87, n=23, P<0.01). It is concluded that MRI represents an interesting tool for assessing the anatomical and hemodynamical status of a kidney allograft in the acute and chronic phases after transplantation.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Cost-effectiveness of three combinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Background. This study compares the cost-effectiveness of threecombinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperativenausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods. We conducted a prospective, double-blind study. NinetyASA I–II females, 18–65 yr, undergoing general anaesthesiafor major gynaecological surgery, with standardized postoperativeanalgesia (intrathecal 0.2 mg plus i.v. PCA morphine), wererandomly assigned to receive: ondansetron 4 mg plus droperidol1.25 mg after induction and droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group1); dexamethasone 8 mg plus droperidol 1.25 mg after inductionand droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group 2); ondansetron 4 mgplus dexamethasone 8 mg after induction and placebo 12 h later(Group 3). A decision analysis tree was used to divide eachgroup into nine mutually exclusive subgroups, depending on theincidence of PONV, need for rescue therapy, side effects andtheir treatment. Direct cost and probabilities were calculatedfor each subgroup, then a cost-effectiveness analysis was conductedfrom the hospital point of view. Results. Groups 1 and 3 were more effective (80 and 70%) thanGroup 2 (40%, P=0.004) in preventing PONV but also more expensive.Compared with Group 2, the incremental cost per extra patientwithout PONV was €6.99 (95% CI, –1.26 to 36.57) forGroup 1 and €13.55 (95% CI, 0.89–132.90) for Group3. Conclusion. Ondansetron+droperidol is cheaper and at least aseffective as ondansetron+ dexamethasone, and it is more effectivethan dexamethasone+droperidol with a reasonable extra cost. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 589–92