首次发病且未用药的成年早发和晚发抑郁症患者脑功能连接差异研究

目的比较成年早发抑郁症(EOD)和成年晚发抑郁症(LOD)患者默认网络(DMN)内部功能连接的差异,探究不同发病年龄的抑郁症患者是否有不同的发病机制。方法选取在昆明医科大学第一附属医院精神科门诊或住院的EOD患者(n=58)和LOD患者(n=62)为研究对象,同期招募年轻健康对照组(n=60)和年老健康对照组(n=52)。对受试者进行静息态功能磁共振扫描,选择左侧楔前叶为种子点,计算该种子点与全脑的功能连接,并比较各组间该种子点的功能连接差异。结果四组之间功能连接具有差异的脑区涉及双侧额叶、颞叶、基底节、枕叶、顶叶及小脑等脑区。EOD组左侧楔前叶与左侧小脑Crus1区、左侧小脑IX区、左侧颞中回、右侧楔前叶、右侧前扣带回、右侧额中回、右侧角回、右侧脑岛、右侧内侧额上回、右侧颞中回的功能连接均高于年轻健康对照组(Z=3. 752 4～5. 867 8,P均0. 05);而左侧楔前叶与左侧额中回、左侧中央旁小叶、右侧缘上回、右侧额上回、右侧颞下回、右侧中央后回、右侧中央前回、右侧枕上回的功能连接均低于年轻健康对照组(Z=-5. 007 6～-3. 797 7,P均0. 05)。LOD组左侧楔前叶与左侧小脑Crus2区、左侧尾状核、左侧颞下回、左侧小脑Crus1区、左侧角回、左侧额中回、右侧额中回、右侧角回、右侧眶额部额中回的功能连接均高于年老健康对照组(Z=4. 122 8～6. 579 4,P均0. 05);与左侧海马旁回、左侧额上回、右侧枕中回、右侧中央前回、右侧内侧额上回、右侧锯状回、右侧颞下回、右侧中央旁小叶、右侧梭状回、右侧后扣带回的功能连接均低于年老健康对照组(Z=-5. 884 0～-3. 617 2,P均0. 05)。EOD组左侧楔前叶与左侧锯状回、左侧小脑IV-VI区、左侧小脑Crus2区的功能连接比LOD组高(Z=4. 087 7、3. 937 4、3. 672 1,P均0. 05);EOD组左侧楔前叶与右侧额中回、右侧眶额部额下回、右侧额上回的功能连接比LOD组低(Z=-4. 274 8、-3. 956 8、-4. 724 3、-3. 663 2,P均0. 05)。结论 DMN内部功能连接增高及额顶网络功能连接降低可能与EOD的发病机制相关,而DMN前部功能连接增高和后部功能连接降低可能与LOD的发病机制相关,不同发病年龄的成年抑郁症患者可能有不同的发病机制。     

强迫症患者抑制功能受损的脑影像学特征

目的分析强迫症患者是否存在抑制功能受损,及其抑制功能受损的脑影像学特征。方法16例首次发病未用药的强迫症患者(强迫症组)和18名健康对照者(对照组)完成测查抑制功能的Go-Nogo任务,同步采集被试者任务态脑影像数据。采用方差分析比较强迫症组和对照组在Go条件和Nogo条件下平均反应时和反应正确率的组间差异,以及在成功反应抑制与错误监测过程中脑激活特征的组间差异。结果在Nogo条件下,强迫症组的正确率显著低于对照组(0.85±0.08比0.93±0.51;t=-3.06,P<0.05);在错误监测过程中,2组大脑激活模式存在差异,强迫症组双侧颞下回(左侧:t=3.11;右侧:t=2.71)、右侧额中回(t=2.52)、右侧海马旁回(t=2.53)、左侧后扣带回(t=3.03)大脑活动增强(均P<0.05);双侧壳核(左侧:t=-3.03;右侧:t=-3.12)、右侧额下回(t=-3.29)、右侧额上回(t=-3.12)、右侧中央前回(t=-2.91)大脑活动显著降低(均P<0.05)。结论强迫症患者存在抑制功能受损,在错误监测过程中相关脑区的功能活动存在异常。     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童静息态的脑功能磁共振成像研究

目的 探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童静息态脑功能磁共振成像的特点.方法 对15名正常学龄期儿童(对照组)和14例ADHD儿童(ADHD组)进行静息态功能磁共振成像(fMRI)扫描,采用局部一致性(ReHo)作为测最指标.结果 ADHD组在双侧顶下小叶(Z=3.73,Z=3.34)、双侧楔叶(Z=3.42,Z=3.86)、左侧额中回(Z=3.24)、左侧颢中同(Z=3.24)、左侧楔前叶(Z=3.45)及右侧岛叶(Z=3.09)、右侧小脑(Z=3.42)等区域的ReHo值低于对照组,而双侧额下回(Z=3.19,Z=2.93)的ReHo值高于对照组.结论与对照组比较,静息态下ADHD患者与执行控制功能、注意认知功能及默认网络功能等相关区域存在异常.     

利培酮和氯氮平对精神分裂症患者自发性脑活动的不同影响

目的探究利培酮和氯氮平对精神分裂症患者自发性脑活动造成的不同影响。方法采用横断面研究方法,选取2014年6月-2015年6月在成都市第四人民医院住院并分别接受利培酮(n=10)和氯氮平(n=11)治疗的精神分裂症患者为患者组,同期选取10名正常健康被试为对照组。采集每名被试的静息态fMRI数据,计算其低频振幅(ALFF)指标,使用协方差分析方法考察三组被试的组间差异,并采用事后检验进行两两比较。结果①三组被试的年龄、性别、受教育年限差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05);②三组被试在双侧丘脑、脑岛、小脑半球、颞中回以及左侧辅助运动区、眶部额中回、左侧梭状回和中央后回的ALFF值差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),事后检验显示两患者组在双侧丘脑和左侧辅助运动区的ALFF值较对照组低;其中,氯氮平组在双侧小脑半球、左侧眶部额中回和左侧梭状回的ALFF值高于对照组,而在双侧脑岛及左侧中央后回的ALFF值低于对照组;氯氮平组在双侧颞中回及左侧中央后回的ALFF值较利培酮组低,而在左侧眶部额中回的ALFF值高于利培酮组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论氯氮平和利培酮均可能对精神分裂症患者不同脑区的自发性活动造成不同影响,而氯氮平影响更多的脑区自发性活动,这有助于理解两种药物对大脑的不同药理效应。     

男性酒依赖患者戒断期静息态功能磁共振低频振幅研究

目的探讨男性酒依赖患者戒断期静息态下脑区神经元自发活动改变及其与认知功能关系。方法对23例男性酒依赖患者和20名健康成年男性进行脑静息态功能磁共振扫描,比较其全脑各脑区低频振幅(amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation,ALFF),并用简易精神状态量表(mini mental status scale,MMSE)、语言流畅性测验(verbal fluency test,VFT)、数字广度测验(digit span test,DST)、霍普金斯词语学习修订版(Hopkins verbal learning test revised,HVLT-R)及连线测试B(trail making test-B,TMT-B)分别评估两组认知功能。结果酒依赖组与对照组相比ALFF减弱脑区为左侧额上回(t=-4.49,P0.01)、右侧额中回(t=-3.55,P0.01)、右侧颞上回(t=-5.36,P0.01)、左侧前扣带回(t=-5.41,P0.01);ALFF增强的脑区有左侧枕叶(t=3.90,P0.01)、左侧小脑后叶(t=3.58,P0.01)。神经心理测评中,酒依赖组MMSE(t=-4.33,P0.01)、VFT(t=-2.86,P0.01)、DST(t=-4.93,P0.01)和HVLT-R(t=-5.16,P0.01)评分均低于对照组;TMT-B完成时间高于对照组(t=4.67,P0.01)。酒依赖患者右侧额中回ALFF值与VFT评分呈正相关(r=0.49,P=0.04)。结论男性酒依赖患者戒断期在静息态下存在双侧额叶、右侧颞叶、左侧前扣带回、左侧枕叶、左侧小脑脑区功能活动异常,且右侧额叶脑区功能活动改变与语言功能异常有相关性。     

“临床治愈”抑郁症患者默认网络静息态功能连接研究

目的:结合静息态功能连接方法,探讨"临床治愈"抑郁症(remitted major depressive disorder,r MDD)患者默认网络(default mode network,DMN)功能连接的变化。方法:对22例经过住院治疗达到r MDD标准的患者(患者组)和22名相匹配正常对照组进行静息态功能磁共振扫描,以DMN公认的内侧前额叶(medial prefrontal cortex,m PFC)和后扣带回(posterior cingulate cortex,PCC)为种子点,通过种子点与全脑的功能连接分析,使用双样本t检验比较两组的功能连接差异。结果:与正常对照组比较,患者组m PFC与右侧角回(t=3.96,P0.01)、右侧旁扣带回(t=4.57,P0.01)、右侧额下回(t=4.25,P0.01)功能连接增加,与左侧前扣带回(t=-3.50,P0.01)、右侧PCC(t=-3.57,P0.01)功能连接降低;PCC与左侧枕中回(t=3.47,P0.01)、右侧枕中回(t=4.18,P0.01)功能连接增加。结论:r MDD患者DMN功能连接仍存在异常,可能与反刍症状及注意等认知偏向未完全改善有关。     

首发Tourette综合征患者静息态功能磁共振低频振幅比率的研究

目的:探讨首发Tourette综合征(TS)患者静息态功能磁共振(fMRI)脑低频振幅比率(fALFF)特征。方法:对16例首发TS患儿(TS组)进行fMRI扫描;计算0.01～0.1 Hz频段fALFF值,并与性别、年龄等相匹配的正常对照者(对照组,16人)比较。结果:TS组fALFF值在左侧梭状回(t=4.36,P0.05)、右侧壳核(t=3.81,P0.05)脑区明显强于对照组;左侧额下回三角部(t=-6.13,P0.05)、右侧额中回(t=-4.35,P0.05)、左侧额上回(t=-4.51,P0.05)、左侧枕中回(t=-6.13,P0.05)、左侧罗兰迪克岛盖(t=-4.58,P0.05)、右侧罗兰迪克岛盖(t=-4.28,P0.05)脑区明显弱于对照组。结论:首发TS患者存在多部位脑功能活动的异常。     

强迫症患者静息态功能磁共振低频振幅和功能连接改变

目的探讨强迫症患者静息态下脑神经元自发活动情况。方法纳入强迫症患者48例及年龄、性别、受教育年限相匹配的正常对照者50名,使用3.0 T功能磁共振采集静息态脑影像,分析患者与对照低频振幅(amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, ALFF)有统计学差异的脑区,以差异脑区为种子点分析全脑功能连接(functional connectivity, FC),对ALFF和FC分析中的差异脑区与强迫症状进行相关分析。结果与对照组相比,强迫症患者左侧背外侧额上回的ALFF值增高(t=4.305,P0.01)。以左侧背外侧额上回为兴趣区全脑FC分析(基于MNI模板)示,与对照相比,患者左侧背外侧额上回与右侧眶部额下回(t=3.897,P0.001)、左侧扣带回前部(t=3.37,P0.001)、右侧扣带回前部(t=4.299,P0.001)、左侧扣带回中部(t=3.220,P0.001)、右侧扣带回中部(t=4.607,P0.001)FC强度增强;患者左侧背外侧额上回与左侧岛盖部额下回(t=-4.630,P0.001)FC强度减弱。强迫症患者左侧背外侧额上回与左侧岛盖部额下回的FC强度与耶鲁-布朗强迫症状量表强迫思维因子分(r=-0.369,P=0.014)、强迫行为因子分(r=-0.392,P=0.009)以及量表总分(r=-0.393,P=0.008)呈负相关。结论强迫症患者静息状态下左侧背外侧额上回自发神经元活动增强,与多个脑区间的FC异常;并且左侧背外侧额上回与左侧岛盖部额下回的FC强度与强迫症状相关。     

有先兆偏头痛患者发作间期的静息态功能磁共振变化

目的采用静息态功能磁共振成像技术探讨有先兆偏头痛患者的自发神经元活动,分析其脑功能网络的变化,以便更好地认识有先兆偏头痛的发病机制。方法对7例发作间期有先兆偏头痛患者和7例年龄、性别及受教育程度相匹配的健康对照行静息态功能磁共振成像扫描,分析原始数据,得出全脑低频振幅(ALFF),进行双样本t检验,并以ALFF差异脑区为感兴趣区(ROI)校正后行功能连接(FC)分析,比较两组之间影像学表现的差异。结果病例组双侧额上回、左侧眶额皮质低频振幅值显著高于对照组(t=2.18~5.12,P0.05)。病例组左侧颞中回、左侧颞下回、左侧尾状核、双侧丘脑、右侧运动前区低频振幅ALFF值显著低于对照组(t=-5.12~-2.18,P0.05);与对照组相比,病例组右侧眶额皮质、左侧额中回、双侧前扣带皮质、右侧缘上回与左侧额上回功能连接增强,病例组左侧小脑、右侧脑岛、脑干与左侧额上回之间的功能连接减弱。结论有先兆偏头痛患者头痛发作间期疼痛处理相关脑区功能异常,支持偏头痛并非单纯的发作性疾病。     

震颤为主型帕金森病与特发性震颤患者脑灌注对比分析

目的 探讨震颤为主型帕金森病与特发性震颤患者的脑灌注差异。方法 纳入2016年10月至2018年12月复旦大学附属中山医院收治的25例震颤为主型帕金森病患者和23例特发性震颤患者,并招募性别、年龄相匹配的39例对照者,采用三维伪连续动脉自旋标记(3D-pCASL)测定脑血流量。结果 3组受试者双侧额中回、尾状核、小脑后叶,左侧额上回、海马旁回、枕叶舌回、枕下回、楔前叶,右侧眶部额中回、楔叶、枕上回、枕中回脑血流量存在差异(均P <0.05,AlphaSim校正)。帕金森病组左侧额上回(t=4.891,P <0.05)、左侧额中回(t=4.993,P <0.05)、左侧枕下回(t=4.403,P <0.05)脑血流量低于对照组,右侧眶部额中回脑血流量高于对照组(t=4.162,P <0.05);以及左侧(t=5.471,P <0.05)和右侧(t=4.798,P <0.05)额中回、左侧枕叶舌回(t=4.972,P <0.05)、左侧顶下回(t=4.532,P <0.05)、左侧尾状核(t=5.001,P <0.05)、右侧小脑...     

抑郁症首次发病患者静息态脑功能局部一致性的研究

目的 利用功能磁共振(fMRI)和局部一致性(regional homogeneity,ReHo)探讨抑郁症首次发病(以下简称首发)患者在静息态脑功能是否存在异常及异常部位.方法 对34例符合美国精神疾病诊断与统计手册第4版诊断标准的首发抑郁症患者(抑郁症组)和34名性别、年龄、文化程度匹配的健康志愿者(对照组)进行静息态fMRI扫描.结果 抑郁症组静息态脑血氧水平依赖信号的ReHo高于对照组的脑区有左侧额叶眶回、顶下小叶、颞上回,右侧额内侧回、顶下小叶、小脑后叶;低于对照组的脑区有左颞下回、右颞上同和胼胝体、双侧后扣带回(P＜0.005,K≥10).结论首发抑郁症患者在静息态存在多个腩区功能活动的异常,并可能和抑郁症的病理机制有关.     

Increased Cognition Connectivity Network in Major Depression Disorder: A fMRI Study

ObjectiveEvidence of the brain network involved in cognitive dysfunction has been inconsistent for major depressive disorder (MDD), especially during early stage of MDD. This study seeks to examine abnormal cognition connectivity network (CCN) in MDD within the whole brain.MethodsSixteen patients with MDD and 16 health controls were scanned during resting-state using 3.0 T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). All patients were first episode without any history of antidepressant treatment. Both the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were used as individual seeds to identify CCN by the seed-target correlation analysis. Two sample t test was used to calculate between-group differences in CCN using fisher z-transformed correlation maps.ResultsThe CCN was constructed by bilateral seed DLPFC in two groups separately. Depressed subjects exhibited significantly increased functional connectivity (FC) by left DLPFC in one cluster, overlapping middle frontal gyrus, BA7, BA43, precuneus, BA6, BA40, superior temporal gyrus, BA22, inferior parietal lobule, precentral gyrus, BA4 and cingulate gyrus in left cerebrum. Health controls did not show any cluster with significantly greater FC compared to depressed subjects in left DLPFC network. There was no significant difference of FC in right DLPFC network between depressed subjects and the health controls.ConclusionThere are differences in CCN during early stage of MDD, as identified by increased FCs among part of frontal gyrus, parietal cortex, cingulate cortex, and BA43, BA22, BA4 with left DLPFC. These brain areas might be involved in the underlying mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in MDD.     

Abnormal neural activity of brain regions in treatment-resistant and treatment-sensitive major depressive disorder: A resting-state fMRI study

BackgroundPatients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and those with treatment-sensitive depression (TSD) responded to antidepressants differently. Previous studies have commonly shown that patients with TRD or TSD had abnormal neural activity in different brain regions. In the present study, we used a coherence-based ReHo (Cohe-ReHo) approach to test the hypothesis that patients with TRD or TSD had abnormal neural activity in different brain regions.MethodsTwenty-three patients with TRD, 22 with TSD, and 19 healthy subjects (HS) matched with gender, age, and education level participated in the study.ResultsANOVA analysis revealed widespread differences in Cohe-ReHo values among the three groups in different brain regions which included bilateral superior frontal gyrus, bilateral cerebellum, left inferior temporal gyrus, left occipital cortex, and both sides of fusiform gyrus. Compared to HS, lower Cohe-ReHo values were observed in TRD group in bilateral superior frontal gyrus and left cerebellum; in contrast, in TSD group, lower Cohe-ReHo values were mainly found in bilateral superior frontal gyrus. Compared to TSD group, TRD group had lower Cohe-ReHo in bilateral cerebellum and higher Cohe-ReHo in left fusiform gyrus. There was a negative correlation between Cohe-ReHo values of the left fusiform gyrus and illness duration in the pooled patients (r = 0.480, p = 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of cerebellar Cohe-ReHo values differentiating TRD from TSD were 83% and 86%, respectively.ConclusionsCompared to healthy controls, both TRD and TSD patients shared the majority of brain regions with abnormal neural activity. However, the lower Cohe-ReHo values in the cerebellum might be as a marker to differentiate TRD from TSD with high sensitivity and specificity.     

青壮年重症抑郁障碍的磁化传递成像研究

目的探讨青壮年重症抑郁障碍患者磁化传递率(MTR)值的改变及其与病程的相关性。方法根据美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册,选择临床晤谈诊断明确并且17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分≥18分的30例重症抑郁障碍患者,以及按照年龄、性别、利手性、受教育程度相匹配原则征集的30例正常对照者。采用3.0T MRI扫描仪采集磁化传递成像数据,统计参数图软件对所得MTR参数图进行标准化和平滑等预处理,再行基于体素的分析。MTR值的组间比较行双样本t检验,与病程的相关性分析采用Pearson相关分析。结果在统计参数图中,以团簇水平P<0.05作为统计显著性阈值。与正常对照组相比,重症抑郁障碍组患者未发现MTR值差异有统计学意义的脑区;相关分析显示,其在左侧前额叶、顶叶、颞叶部分区域,以及双侧前扣带回等脑区与病程呈显著负相关。进一步亚组分析显示,长病程(>60周)重症抑郁障碍患者MTR值在左侧额中回、双侧中扣带回、右侧小脑前叶低于与之相匹配的正常对照者;而短病程(≤60周)患者,MTR值则在左侧额中回、颞枕交界区、双侧前扣带回及邻近白质较正常对照者升高。结论不同病程重症抑郁障碍患者脑MTR值呈现不同改变模式,提示对重症抑郁障碍患者长期纵向随访的必要性,尤其是长期抗抑郁治疗对脑结构及功能的影响应作为重点研究课题。     

Concurrent alterations of white matter microstructure and functional activities in medication-free major depressive disorder

Although numerous studies have revealed the structural and functional alterations in major depressive disorder (MDD) using unimodal diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or functional MRI, however, the potential associations between changed microstructure and corresponding functional activities in the MDD has been largely uninvestigated. Herein, 27 medication-free MDD patients and 54 gender-, age-, and educational level-matched healthy controls (HC) were used to investigate the concurrent alterations of white matter microstructure and functional activities using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analyses, fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF), and degree centrality (DC). The TBSS analyses revealed significantly decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF I) in the MDD patients compared to HC. Correlation analyses showed that decreased FA in the SLF I was significantly correlated with fALFF in left pre/postcentral gyrus and binary, weighted DC in right posterior cerebellum. Moreover, the fALFF in left pre/postcentral gyrus significantly reduced in MDD patients while binary and weighted DC in right posterior cerebellum significantly increased in MDD patients. Our results revealed concurrent structural and functional changes in MDD patients suggesting that the underlying structural disruptions are an important indicator of functional abnormalities.

     

Regional Homogeneity Brain Alterations in Schizophrenia: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis

ObjectiveResting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) provides a lot of evidence for local abnormal brain activity in schizophrenia, but the results are not consistent. Our aim is to find out the consistent abnormal brain regions of the patients with schizophrenia by using regional homogeneity (ReHo), and indirectly understand the degree of brain damage of the patients with drug-naive first episode schizophrenia (Dn-FES) and chronic schizophrenia. MethodsWe performed the experiment by activation likelihood estimation (ALE) software to analysis the differences between people with schizophrenia group (all schizophrenia group and chronic schizophrenia group) and healthy controls. ResultsThirteen functional imaging studies were included in quantitative meta-analysis. All schizophrenia group showed decreased ReHo in bilateral precentral gyrus (PreCG) and left middle occipital gyrus (MOG), and increased ReHo in bilateral superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and right insula. Chronic schizophrenia group showed decreased ReHo in bilateral MOG, right fusiform gyrus, left PreCG, left cerebellum, right precuneus, left medial frontal gyrus and left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). No significant increased brain areas were found in patients with chronic schizophrenia. ConclusionOur findings suggest that patients with chronic schizophrenia have more extensive brain damage than FES, which may contribute to our understanding of the progressive pathophysiology of schizophrenia.     

抑郁症患者静息状态的功能磁共振成像研究

目的 了解在静息状态下抑郁症患者脑区的局部一致性特点.方法 采用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)技术,检测静息状态下27例抑郁症患者(患者组)和性别、年龄、受教育程度均与患者相匹配的27名正常人(对照组)的脑功能活动,并对两组进行比较.利用局部一致性方法 分析fMRI数据,用SPM2软件进行配对t检验(P＜0.005).结果 与对照组相比,患者组双侧额中回、右额下回、右颞上回、左前扣带回、右后扣带回、右岛叶、双侧豆状核、双侧屏状核、左尾状核局部一致性显著增高(P＜0.005,未校正,体素值＞10);未显示脑区有明显的局部一致性减低.结论 抑郁症患者神经环路脑区局部在静息状态下具有很高的一致性,其局部一致性的增高可能参与了抑郁症的代偿机制.     

Duloxetine effects on striatal resting‐state functional connectivity in patients with major depressive disorder

Reward deficits and associated striatal circuitry disturbances have been implicated in the onset and progression of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, no studies have been conducted to investigate how the striatal circuitry changes during standard antidepressant, which is important for development of novel and targeted treatments for MDD. We examined the seed‐to‐whole‐brain functional connectivity (FC) for six striatal subregions based on resting‐state fMRI data of 23 MDD patients before and after 8‐week duloxetine, a serotonin, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. Twenty‐three healthy controls (HCs) were also scanned twice with an 8‐week interval. After the analysis of covariance, we observed significant group‐by‐time interaction on FC of the dorsal caudate (DC), ventral striatum (VS), and putamen seeds. Post hoc analyses revealed that the FC between several right striatal seeds and left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), between right DC and left precuneus, between right superior VS and left inferior parietal lobe, were significantly higher in MDD patients compared to HCs at baseline and were reduced after treatment. Conversely, the FC between right inferior VS and left cerebellum was lower in MDD patients and was increased after treatment. Patients with larger reduction in right superior VS—left SFG FC exhibited larger alleviation of rumination. These findings suggest that duloxetine modulates the striatal FC with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior default mode network, and cerebellum, and partly, these changes underlie symptomatic improvement. This study adds to our understanding of antidepressant mechanism and future therapeutic development might benefit from considering these striatal circuitry as potential targets.