四肢多段严重粉碎性骨折的治疗方法比较

目的探讨四肢多段严重粉碎性骨折的临床治疗。方法对132例四肢多段严重粉碎性骨折中225处骨折,采用交锁髓内钉、钢板内固定、外固定支架、人工关节置换等方法进行单独或联合手术治疗。结果132例随访1～3年,179处骨折愈合(79.6%);20处发生延迟愈合或不愈合(8.9%);22处畸形愈合(9.8%);创伤性关节炎16处(7%)。其中交锁髓内钉内固定术后畸形愈合或不愈合只有9处(4%)。结论四肢多段严重粉碎性骨折分类及治疗方法目前无统一标准,应根据具体伤情选用不同治疗方法,其中交锁髓内钉是比较有效的内固定方法,并发症少。     

半环槽式外固定器治疗严重开放粉碎性胫有骨折：附23例报告

本文报告一组23例严重开放粉碎性胫腓骨骨折应用半环槽式外固定器治疗结果。发生软组织感染2例,感染率8.70%,骨折愈合优良率达95%以上。本治疗方法解决了胫腓骨严重开放粉碎性骨折的固定困难问题,从骨折的创面处理、固定、功能锻炼、护理及骨愈合等方面均有许多优点。尤其是外固定架的刚度可调性,为骨愈合提供了有利条件。     

加压空心螺纹钉内固定加股方肌骨瓣移植治疗中青年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨中青年股骨颈骨折的治疗方法和临床治疗效果。方法自1998年1月~2004年12月收治中青年股骨颈骨折58例,其中GardenⅠ、Ⅱ型25例,GardenⅢ、Ⅳ型33例,采用3枚加压空心螺纹钉内固定加股方肌骨瓣转位移植治疗。结果所有病例均获随访,随访时间13~48个月,平均35个月。骨折全部愈合,愈合时间3~8个月,平均5个月,骨折愈合率100%,功能优良率91.4%;髋内翻2例,股骨头坏死2例。结论3枚加压空心螺纹钉内固定加股方肌骨瓣移植治疗中青年股骨颈骨折具有愈合时间短、骨折愈合率和功能优良率高等优点,是治疗中青年股骨颈骨折一种理想的方法。     

逆行交锁髓内钉与钢板治疗股骨髁部骨折的疗效比较

目的:评价逆行交锁髓内钉与钢板治疗股骨髁部骨折的疗效.方法:回顾分析应用逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨髁部骨折31例,钢板治疗股骨髁部骨折45例的恢复情况.结果:经过6～18个月的随访,逆行交锁髓内钉治疗组骨折愈合率100%,骨折平均愈合时间4个月,感染率为3.2%.钢板治疗组骨折愈合率91.1%,感染率11.1%,2例钢板外露,骨折平均愈合时间5.5个月.结论:逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨髁部骨折,操作简单,固定坚强,对骨折局部血供破坏小,是一种疗效满意的方法.治疗结果优于钢板,但其应用有一定局限性.     

手术治疗老年股骨转子间骨折66例体会

目的总结采用不同固定方式治疗老年转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法手术治疗老年转子间骨折66例,其中成角进针外固定支架固定18例,动力髋螺钉固定32例,股骨重建钉固定16例。结果66例平均随访2(1~8)年,骨折均愈合,愈合时间平均5(4~7)个月。针孔感染2例,经换药痊愈,股骨颈轻度短缩畸形2例,未予处理。术后功能评价:优37例,良23例,可5例,差1例。无骨不连或延迟愈合病例,无骨折愈合前死亡病例,功能优良率:外固定架治疗组为83.3%,动力髋螺钉治疗组为90.6%,股骨重建钉治疗组为100%。结论正确的围手术期处理是老年转子间骨折手术治疗的安全保障;应根据患者的全身情况及骨折类型选择固定的方式。     

半环槽式外固定器治疗严重开放粉碎性胫腓骨骨折(附23例报告)

本文报告一组23例严重开放粉碎性胫腓骨骨折应用半环槽式外固定器治疗结果.发生软组织感染2例,感染率8.70%,骨折愈合优良率达95%以上.本治疗方法解决了胫腓骨严重开放粉碎性骨折的固定困难问题,从骨折的创面处理、固定、功能锻炼、护理及骨愈合等方面均有许多优点.尤其是外固定架的刚度可调性,为骨愈合提供了有利条件.     

同时双侧股骨干骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨严重创伤致同时双侧股骨干骨折的合理手术治疗.方法从1990～1998年收集连续26例同时双侧股骨干骨折,手术治疗分两组1.开放手术组(28侧肢体).2.闭合手术组(24侧肢体).结果开放手术组骨折愈合期为5.1±1.6个月,骨折愈合率为68%,骨折不愈合率28.6%,并发症发病率39.3%.闭合手术组骨折愈合期为4.3±1.4个月,骨折愈合率92%,骨折不愈合率4%,并发症发病率16.7%,两组疗效比较有统计学显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论严重创伤致使病人同时双侧股骨干骨折,在病人全身免疫力下降,手术耐受力下降且要接受多次手术治疗的情况下,选择闭合手术治疗具有简单、可靠、有效、手术创伤小的优点,值得推荐.     

有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗胫腓骨骨折

目的总结有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗胫腓骨骨折的疗效。方法对54例胫腓骨骨折行有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗。结果48例得到随访,骨折愈合率91.7%,骨折延迟愈合率6.25%,骨折不愈合率2.05%。有10例外固定针孔感染,2例螺钉松动。结论此方法是治疗胫腓骨骨折较好的方法,但针道感染、螺钉松动等并发症应重视。     

老年股骨转子间骨折骨质量 X线评估与骨折愈合关系分析

目的分析老年股骨转子间骨折的骨质量与骨折愈合关系,探讨手术失败原因及防范补救措施。方法回顾性分析1997年1月～2003年7月间本科收治并随访1年以上的477例65岁以上股骨转子间骨折患者,并按照骨质量状况将其分组,分析不同骨质疏松程度对转子间骨折手术后骨折愈合的影响。结果轻度骨质疏松组A级愈合者164例(93.2%),B级愈合者12例(6.8%)。中度骨质疏松组A级愈合者182例(68.9%),B级愈合者72例(27.3%),C级愈合者10例(3.8%)。重度骨质疏松组B级愈合者20例(54.1%),C级愈合者17例(45.9%)。各组间差异有极显著性(P<0.01)。结论动力髋螺钉(DHS)固定术对高龄转子间骨折患者是必要的,但骨质量对骨折愈合有显著影响。临床上应根据骨质疏松程度采取不同治疗措施,以获得最佳效果。     

闭合复位、空心加压螺钉治疗新鲜股骨颈骨折疗效分析

目的　将使用闭合复位、空心加压螺钉治疗新鲜股骨颈骨折的 15 5例病人资料采用回顾性方法进行研究 ,从中分析本治疗方法的骨折愈合率和股骨头坏死等方面的情况。方法　对骨折类型、伤后何时手术、年龄、性别、下地时间、空心钉种类和数量、取钉后情况各方面因素与骨折不愈合、股骨头缺血性坏死发生率关系列表分析。结果　平均随访 3年 4个月。本组 15 5例骨折病人愈合率 93 5 %。股骨头缺血性坏死发生率为 7 4 %。该方法的总体治愈率为 87 1%。结论　闭合复位、空心加压螺钉治疗新鲜股骨颈骨折疗效可靠 ,有较高的骨折愈合率 ,是可以提倡的治疗方法。高龄病人 (6 0岁以上 )身体条件好 ,首先可考虑Ⅰ期行内固定治疗。严重骨折类型会影响预后。对新鲜股骨颈骨折的治疗原则是早期手术、良好复位、有效固定。控制好老年内科并发症 ,会使总体治愈率再一步提高     

Breast Implant and Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Meta-Analysis

Recent studies have shown a relationship between lymphoma and breast implants. We performed a meta-analysis about this problem. We found 80 cases, 50 of which were reported in the United States (62.5%). The average age was 52 years. The average time between breast implant surgery and lymphoma was 11 years. Forty-one percent of the breast implants were silicone, 42.19% were saline and 15.8% were unknown. The coverage of the breast implants was texturized in 21.3% and unknown in 78%. The most common brands were McGhan and Mentor. In 72.6% of the cases, the brand was unknown. The clinical findings were seroma (67.33%), nodes (13.8%), mass (22.1%), other (11.7%) and unknown (32%). The most common surgical treatment was capsulectomy and breast implant removal. In 97% of the cases, ALK was negative and 3% were positive. The most common marker was CD30. The most common chemotherapy regimen was CHOP. Three patients died. Two of the patients had extracapsular extension of the disease and breast cancer history. Lymphoma related with the breast implant was a different type of lymphoma, and in most cases, it was less aggressive. The disease was confined to the capsule. Few patients developed aggressive disease, were extracapsular and showed bad prognosis.     

Melanoma of palms, soles, and nail-beds.

The clinical and histological characteristics of palmar, plantar, and subungual melanomas treated in the division of plastic surgery of Helsinki University Hospital between 1970 and 1984 were analysed. The peak incidence was during the seventh decade of life, and the mean delay between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis was one year. The delay was as much the fault of the physician as of the patient. The observed and relative five-year-survival rates for all 31 patients were 60% and 67%, and the 10-year-survival rates 39% and 49%, respectively. There were 15 cases of the acral lentiginous subtype, and the observed and relative five-year-survival rates were 65% and 71%, and the 10-year-survival rates 48% and 64%, respectively. For the nodular melanomas (n = 11) the survival rates were 53% and 60%, and 39% and 53%, respectively. For the three superficial spreading melanomas they were 50% and 52%, and 25% and 28%, respectively. Microstaging criteria (Breslow and Clark) were both good prognostic indicators. The series was too small for multivariate analysis.     

Pediatric renal transplantation under tacrolimus-based immunosuppression

BACKGROUND: Tacrolimus has been used as a primary immunosuppressive agent in adult and pediatric renal transplant recipients, with reasonable outcomes. Methods. Between December 14, 1989 and December 31, 1996, 82 pediatric renal transplantations alone were performed under tacrolimus-based immunosuppression without induction anti-lymphocyte antibody therapy. Patients undergoing concomitant or prior liver and/or intestinal transplantation were not included in the analysis. The mean recipient age was 10.6+/-5.2 years (range: 0.7-17.9). Eighteen (22%) cases were repeat transplantations, and 6 (7%) were in patients with panel-reactive antibody levels over 40%. Thirty-four (41%) cases were with living donors, and 48 (59%) were with cadaveric donors. The mean donor age was 27.3+/-14.6 years (range: 0.7-50), and the mean cold ischemia time in the cadaveric cases was 26.5+/-8.8 hr. The mean number of HLA matches and mismatches was 2.8+/-1.2 and 2.9+/-1.3; there were five (6%) O-Ag mismatches. The mean follow-up was 4.0+/-0.2 years. RESULTS: The 1- and 4-year actuarial patient survival was 99% and 94%. The 1- and 4-year actuarial graft survival was 98% and 84%. The mean serum creatinine was 1.1+/-0.5 mg/dl, and the corresponding calculated creatinine clearance was 88+/-25 ml/min/1.73 m2. A total of 66% of successfully transplanted patients were withdrawn from prednisone. In children who were withdrawn from steroids, the mean standard deviation height scores (Z-score) at the time of transplantation and at 1 and 4 years were -2.3+/-2.0, -1.7+/-1.0, and +0.36+/-1.5. Eighty-six percent of successfully transplanted patients were not taking anti-hypertensive medications. The incidence of acute rejection was 44%; between December 1989 and December 1993, it was 63%, and between January 1994 and December 1996, it was 23% (P=0.0003). The incidence of steroid-resistant rejection was 5%. The incidence of delayed graft function was 5%, and 2% of patients required dialysis within 1 week of transplantation. The incidence of cytomegalovirus was 13%; between December 1989 and December 1992, it was 17%, and between January 1993 and December 1996, it was 12%. The incidence of early Epstein-Barr virus-related posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) was 9%; between December 1989 and December 1992, it was 17%, and between January 1993 and December 1996, it was 4%. All of the early PTLD cases were treated successfully with temporary cessation of immunosuppression and institution of antiviral therapy, without patient or graft loss. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate the short- and medium-term efficacy of tacrolimus-based immunosuppression in pediatric renal transplant recipients, with reasonable patient and graft survival, routine achievement of steroid and anti-hypertensive medication withdrawal, gratifying increases in growth, and, with further experience, a decreasing incidence of both rejection and PTLD.     

Clinical studies on primary ureteral tumors

The 15 cases of the primary ureteral tumors treated at our Hospital between 1974 and 1983, were reviewed retrospectively. The incidence of primary ureteral tumors among the outpatients in our urologic clinic was 0.15%. The patients ranged in age from 50 to 75 years old (average: 65.5 years old). There were 11 males and 4 females, the ratio being 2.8:1.0. The right ureter and the lower third of the ureter were involved more frequently than other areas. The most frequent symptom was macrohematuria which was seen in 12 cases (80%). The major finding of IVP was non-functioning kidney, which was seen in 11 cases (73.3). Positive urinary cytology was obtained in 9 cases (60%). Twelve patients underwent nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff or total cystectomy. Histologically, all cases were transitional cell carcinoma. Simultaneous urothelial tumors were seen in the bladder in 4 cases (26.7%). The over-all actual survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 59%, 42%, 42%, respectively. The 5-year actual survival rate was 63% for the low grade group and 0% for the high grade group. The 5-year actual survival rate was 82% for the low stage group and 0% for the high stage group. Among several factors, grade and stage of the tumor were the most influencing factors for prognosis.     

45例嗜铬细胞瘤的临床分析

目的：提高嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断和治疗水平。方法：回顾性分析10年来45例嗜铬细胞瘤的临床资料。结果：具有典型临床表现者39例(87％)。尿香草基苦杏仁酸和血儿茶酚胺定性诊断阳性率为73％，93％。B超、CT、MRI定位诊断阳性率为90％，96％，95％。肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤35例(78％)，肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤10例(22％)。良性嗜铬细胞瘤39例(87％)，恶性嗜铬细胞瘤6例(13％)。全部患者均经手术成功切除肿瘤，无手术死亡患者。结论：嗜铬细胞瘤主要根据临床表现、实验室定性检查及影像学检查明确诊断。手术切除肿瘤是惟一有效的措施，充分的术前准备是确保手术成功的关键。术后应长期严密随访。     

外科治疗食管鳞癌的长期生存结果——上海市胸科医院单中心结果分析

目的分析外科治疗食管鳞癌的长期生存结果及影响因素。 方法回顾上海市胸科医院2012—2014年间外科治疗的所有食管鳞癌患者,选取其中经胸手术患者864例作为研究对象,分析患者的一般情况、手术方式、术后恢复及长期生存结果和影响因素。 结果864例患者中,男性占84.7%;cⅡ期和cⅢ期患者分别占44.9%%和30.4%。8.3%的患者采用新辅助治疗。右胸进路手术占88.7%,微创食管癌切除术(MIE)占23.6%。手术总体并发症发生率为41.8%;90 d病死率为3.1%;总体复发率为38.1%;1、3、5年总体生存率分别为85.5%、61.2%和49.3%。MIE患者的远期生存率为66.5%,高于开放手术的44.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。与未行术后辅助治疗患者比较,术后辅助治疗在淋巴结阳性患者和阴性的T3N0患者中均显示可以改善总体生存率(33.3% vs 31.5%,P＝0.001;66.0% vs 49.5%,P＝0.004)。 结论外科手术联合术后辅助治疗可以获得比较满意的食管鳞癌远期生存效果,新辅助治疗的作用需进一步研究。     

Clinical statistics on testicular tumors in the Japanese during the 1970's

A statistical analysis was made by computer on 511 cases of testicular tumor experienced at 14 facilities in Japan between 1970 and 1979. The age distribution of the patients had two peaks, one under 3 years (15%) and the other between 25 and 34 years (32%). Forty percent of the patients were office workers and 76% were college graduates. Fifty percent of the patients had 0 to 1 sibs. The blood type distribution was similar to that for the whole Japanese population. Six percent of the patients had a past history of trauma, and no relation with cell type was detected. Sixty nine percent of the patients were married and 31% were not married. Sixty seven percent of the patients over 30 had seminoma, and 78% of the patients under 29 years old had non-seminoma. Seminoma was rare in patients under 9 years old. Histologically, 75% were simple type, and 25% were mixed type. Forty three percent of the cases were seminoma and 57% were non-seminoma. Of the stage I cases, 78% and 57%, and of the stage III cases 7 and 28%, respectively, were seminoma and non-seminoma, many of the non-seminoma being at high stage. The 5-year survival rate for the 75 patients under 9 years old was 96%, and that for the 341 patients over 15 years was 70%, the survival rate for the patients under 9 years being significantly higher. The 5-year survival rate for stage I, II and III seminoma was 100, 65 and 0%, respectively, while that for non-seminoma was 93, 56 and 8%, respectively. The survival rate for stage I was higher for seminoma cases than for non-seminoma cases. No difference was detected between survival rate for stage II or III between seminoma and non-seminoma. The survival rate for seminoma did not differ with the time when the surgery was performed, but for the patients with non-seminomatous tumors, the survival rate was higher for the patients operated within one month than those operated later. The survival rate was not related to the weight of the extracted testicle. The 5-year survival rate for the patients with normal body temperature was 78% whereas that for the patients who had fevers was 32%. The 5-year survival rate for the patients not accompanied by abdominal tumors was about 80%, whereas that for the patients with palpated abdominal tumors was 42%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Looking at trauma and deaths: Diyarbakir city in Turkey.

There were 329 trauma related deaths in Diyarbakir in 1997. Of these 226 were male (69%) and 103 were female (31%). The median age was 20 years old (range 1-82 years). Of the deaths, 30.5% were under 10, 51% were under 20 and 67% were under 30 years old. Two hundred and eleven deaths occurred in the hospital while 118 deaths occurred prehospital. Seventy-seven percent of hospital deaths (191) occurred in the first day. The most common cause of death was multiple injuries (151, 46%). Head injuries were the main reason for 128 deaths (46%). The most common mechanism of death was motor vehicle accident (131, 40%). The second was falls from a residential building (117, 33.7%).     

300 pediatric renal transplantations: A single-center experience

Our objective was to relate the results of 300 consecutive kidney transplants performed in children at a single center. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An analysis of kidney transplants was performed on patients less than 18 years old engrafted from May 1977 to August 2005. RESULTS: Among 300 kidney transplants, 48% of the patients were female, 87% were Caucasian, and 13% were African-Brazilian. The mean age at transplant was 11.5 +/- 4.5 years with 39 (13%) less than 6 years of age. The most frequent etiology of renal failure was vesicoureteral reflux/obstructive uropathy (36%) followed by glomerulopathy (27%). The donor was deceased in 32.3% and living related in 77.7% (parents 82%). The mean posttransplant follow-up was 4.8 +/- 4.3 years. The initial immunosuppression was CyA + AZA + PRED in 45%; CyA + MMF + PRED in 9.6%; TAC + AZA + PRED in 7.3%; TAC + MF + PRED in 9.7%; or TAC + MF without PRED in 10%. Sirolimus was employed initially in three cases. Induction with OKT3/ATG occurred in three patients and 112 received an anti-IL2 receptor antibody. The 103 graft losses during 28 years of follow-up were secondary to chronic allograft nephropathy in 51 (49.5%), vascular thrombosis in 5 (4.8%), acute rejection in 12 (11.6%), and recurrence of original disease in 13 (12.6%). Sixteen (15.5%) died with functioning grafts. Graft survival in the first, fifth, and tenth year were 90%, 72%, and 59%, respectively. Patient survival in the first, fifth, and tenth years were 95%, 93%, and 85%, respectively, with infection as the main cause of death.