食管癌术后淋巴结转移对生存率的影响和放射治疗的意义

目的 分析淋巴结转移个数对生存率的影响及放射治疗的意义。方法 495例食管癌根治性手术切除患者,随机分为单一手术组(275例)和术后放疗组(220例),根据淋巴结转移的个数分为3组：A组无淋巴结转移,占47．2％;B组淋巴结转移个数1～2枚,占29．5％;C组淋巴结转移个数≥3枚,占23．2％。结果(1)相同T分期(T3)时,A、B、C三组的5年生存率分别为52．6％、28．8％和10．9(P=0．0000);在C组,单一手术和术后放疗者的5年生存率分别为0和19．3％(P=0．0336)。(2)在淋巴结阳性组(B C组),单一手术和术后放疗者的胸内淋巴结转移率分别为35．9％和21．2％(P=0．014),锁骨上淋巴结转移率分别为19．7％和4．4％(P=0．000);在淋巴结阴性组(A组),单一手术和术后放疗的胸内淋巴结转移率分别为27．8％和10．3％(P=0．003);A、B、C三组的腹腔淋巴结转移率分别为3．9％、9．4％和17．5％(P=0．000)。血行转移率以C组最高,为27．8％。结论 淋巴结转移个数是影响食管癌生存率的因素之一。淋巴结转移个数≥3枚时,血行转移率高,是全身化疗的指征。术后放疗降低了放疗部位淋巴结转移率,明显提高了C组生存率。     

Localization of initial lymph node metastasis from carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus

BACKGROUND: Most surgeons consider esophageal carcinoma with lymph node involvement a systemic disease. However, it is possible that the disease may be localized in the earlier phases of lymphatic metastasis. The distribution of involved lesions in the initial phase of lymph node metastasis has not been thoroughly investigated yet. METHODS: Among 329 patients that underwent curative (R0 International Union Against Cancer [UICC]) esophagectomy with systematic mesoesophageal dissection, 51 cases of patients with only 1 involved lymph node (solitary involvement) were retrospectively investigated and compared with patients with multiple involved lymph nodes. The regional lymph nodes were divided into the thoracocervical junction group (lower deep cervical and recurrent nerve lymph nodes), perigastric group, and intrathoracic group. RESULTS: Lymph node involvement was limited to a solitary lymph node in 46% of lymph node positive patients with esophageal carcinoma confined to the wall (T1 and T2, UICC) and in 17% of lymph node positive patients with cancer that invaded the extramural layer (T3 and T4, UICC). Of patients with solitary involvement, 82% had a positive thoracocervical junction or perigastric lymph node. The 5-year survival rate in solitary involvement cases was 61%, and 65% when solitary involvement was not intrathoracic. Most of the 5-year survivors had involvement of a thoracocervical junction or perigastric lymph node and had not received systemic chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Solitary involvement was not rare and not directly associated with a disseminated disease. Solitary involvement was commonly located in the thoracocervical junction or abdomen that are accessible without thoracotomy. Systematic dissection of the regional lymph nodes including thoracocervical junction and perigastric groups is recommended for resectable esophageal carcinoma at this time. However, less extensive dissection may be performed in selected cases if the sentinel lymph node concept proves valid.     

Prognostic role of p‐mTOR expression in cancer tissues and metastatic lymph nodes in pT2b gastric cancer

Despite the great interest in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a potential anticancer therapy target, the prognostic role of mTOR in gastric cancer has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated mTOR expression in gastric cancer tissues and in metastatic lymph nodes and examined its association with clinical outcome. A total of 290 patients with pT2b gastric cancer were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to metastatic lymph node status: Group 1 contained 96 patients without lymph node metastasis, Group 2 contained 102 patients with a few (1–2) metastatic lymph nodes and Group 3 contained 92 patients with extensive (>16) lymph node metastasis. Phosphorylated mTOR expression was determined immunohistochemically using tissue microarrays. p‐mTOR expression was observed in 36.5% of the gastric cancer tissues in Group 1, 39.2% in Group 2 and 60.9% in Group 3. A significant correlation was found between p‐mTOR expression in gastric cancer tissues and in metastatic lymph nodes. The Borrmann type in Group 1, perineural invasion and p‐mTOR expression in metastatic lymph nodes in Group 2 and p‐mTOR expression in metastatic lymph nodes in Group 3 were found to be independent prognostic factors of disease‐free survival. The 5‐year disease free survival rate of Group 2 patients was 84.4% in negative p‐mTOR and 66.1% in positive p‐mTOR expression in metastatic lymph nodes (p = 0.015). The 5‐year disease free survival rate of Group 3 patients was 37.3% in negative p‐mTOR and 14.9% in positive p‐mTOR expression in metastatic lymph nodes (p = 0.037). There was a linear correlation between the rate of tumor recurrence and mTOR expression scores in metastatic lymph nodes. In pT2b gastric cancer, p‐mTOR expression in gastric cancer is associated with the extent of lymph node metastasis, and p‐mTOR expression in metastatic lymph nodes is correlated with poor disease‐free survival. mTOR may harbor significant potential for a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for gastric cancer treatment.     

胸段食管癌淋巴结转移规律与术后放疗范围的探讨

目的 分析胸段食管痛淋巴结转移规律、失败部位,为术后放疗范围提供依据.方法 549例食管癌根治术后患者随机进入单纯手术组(275例)和术后放疗组(274例).术后放疗组术后3～4周开始双锁骨上淋巴引流Ⅸ和全纵隔放疗50～60 Cy分25～30次5～6 周完成.结果 全组1、2个解剖1)(域淋巴结转移者5年生存率分别为31.5%、13.9%(P=0.013),单纯手术组淋巴结转移个数≥2个(82例)的分别为24.8%、4.9%(P=0.046).上、中、下段食管癌淋巴结切除均数分别为13、17、20个,上、中、下段食管癌淋巴结转移率分别为26.1%、49.6%、64.9%(χ2=15.51,P<0.01).胸段食管痛食管旁、纵隔、胃周围(贲门左、贲门右、胃小弯)淋巴结转移率分别为33.2%、12.4%、30.4%(χ2=79.93,P<0.01),在上、中、下段食管痛中食管旁淋巴结阳性率相似(61.5%、65.6%、64.9%,χ2=0.16,P>0.05).在单纯手术组,纵隔淋巴结转移和锁骨上淋巴结转移失败率上、中段分别为26.7%、29.8%和16.7%、14.3%.上段食管癌吻合口的复发率16.7%明显的高于中、下段(3.1%、7.7%,χ2=9.02,P=0.011).结论 食管癌术后生存率受淋巴结转移区域多少的影响.上段食管癌淋巴结转移率低可能与淋巴结清扣个数少有关,发牛在食管旁淋巴结转移率最高,且不受病变部位的影响.上、中段食管癌除纵隔、锁骨上区域的复发率高外,上段食管癌的吻合口也很高,这些部位应是术后放疗的重点.     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

目的 探讨影响胸段食管癌切除术后患者预后的因素,以及淋巴结转移数目对患者预后和TNM分期标准的影响.方法 对1224例非手术死亡的食管癌切除术患者的临床病理和随访资料进行分析,选择15个可能影响预后的因素进行多因素分析.以淋巴结转移数目(0枚、1枚和≥2枚)的不同,对Ⅱ、Ⅲ期食管癌以新的标准进行TNM分期.结果 影响食管癌切除术后患者预后的主要因素为淋巴结转移数目、肿瘤侵及深度、部位、组织类型和肿瘤长度等(P<0.01).肿瘤侵及深度、肿瘤长度和组织分化程度与淋巴结转移呈正相关(P<0.01).0、1和≥2枚转移淋巴结组患者的5年生存率分别为59.1%、32.0%和8.9%(P<0.01).转移淋巴结为1枚和≥2枚的T2N1M0期和T3N1M0期患者的5年生存率分别为43.1%、18.0%(P<0.01)和28.0%、9.6%(P<0.01).新分期中Ⅱ a期、Ⅱb期、Ⅲ a期和Ⅲ b期的5年生存率分别为56.5%、43.9%、25.6%和11.1%(P<0.01).结论 影响食管癌切除术后患者预后的主要因素为淋巴结转移,而影响淋巴结转移的主要因素为肿瘤侵及深度、肿瘤长度和组织分化程度.为提高食管癌切除术后患者5年生存率,必须加强区域淋巴结的清扫和针对淋巴结转移的综合治疗.淋巴结转移数目明显影响食管癌患者的预后,以转移淋巴结为0、1和≥2枚进行分级,能够准确地反映淋巴结转移数目与患者预后的关系;根据淋巴结转移数目的 不同进行的新分期能更好地反映食管癌切除术患者预后的变化,为国际抗癌联盟食管癌TNM分期标准提供了修订依据.     

Is the benefit of postmastectomy irradiation limited to patients with four or more positive nodes, as recommended in international consensus reports? A subgroup analysis of the DBCG 82 b&c randomized trials.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Numerous consensus reports recommend that postmastectomy radiotherapy (RT) in addition to systemic therapy is indicated in high-risk patients with 4+ positive nodes, but not in patients with 1-3 positive nodes. A subgroup analysis of the DBCG 82 b&c trials was performed to evaluate the loco-regional recurrence rate and survival in relation to number of positive nodes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the DBCG 82 b&c trials 3083 pre- and postmenopausal high-risk women were randomized to postoperative RT in addition to adjuvant systemic therapy. Since many patients had relatively few lymph nodes removed (median 7), the present analysis was limited to 1152 node positive patients with 8 or more nodes removed. RESULTS: The overall 15-year survival rate in the subgroup was 39% and 29% (p=0.015) after RT and no RT, respectively. RT reduced the 15-year loco-regional failure rate from 51% to 10% (p<0.001) in 4+ positive node patients and from 27% to 4% (p<0.001) in patients with 1-3 positive nodes. Similarly, the 15-year survival benefit after RT was significantly improved in both patients with 1-3 positive nodes (57% vs 48%, p=0.03) and in patients with 4+ positive nodes (21% vs 12%, p=0.03). CONCLUSION: The survival benefit after postmastectomy RT was substantial and similar in patients with 1-3 and 4+ positive lymph nodes. Furthermore, it was not strictly associated with the risk of loco-regional recurrence, which was most pronounced in patients with 4+ positive nodes. The indication for RT seems therefore to be at least equally beneficial in patients with 1-3 positive nodes, and future consensus should be modified accordingly.     

Differing prognosis of cervical cancer patients with high risk of treatment failure after radical hysterectomy warrants trial treatment modification

Objective

The aim of this study was to ascertain whether all cervical cancer patients who received adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) for high risk of treatment failure after radical hysterectomy are at the same risk of treatment failure, and if not, to propose trial treatment modification.

Methods

Between January 1999 and December 2007, 58 patients with FIGO stage Ib-IIa cervical cancer received adjuvant CCRT due to high risk factors such as positive lymph nodes or positive parametrium, or positive vaginal resection margins. Patients were divided into two Groups. Group A were patients with negative parametrium, negative vaginal resection margins, and only unilateral lymph node metastasis (involved L/N≤2). Group B were those with either bilateral pelvic lymph node involvement, or more than 2 lymph node involvement, or positive parametrium with lymph node involvement.

Results

During a median follow-up period of 34 months (range, 6 to 102 months), 9 patients (15.5%) experienced recurrence; among whom 2 patients (2/28, 7.1%) were Group A, and 7 patients (7/30, 23.3%) were Group B. At 3 years, the estimated progression-free survival rate of all 58 patients was 78.3%, and the overall survival rate was 89.7%. Patients in Group A had significantly better progression-free survival (88.2% vs. 68.2%, p=0.042) and overall survival rate (100% vs. 78.8%, p=0.034) than Group B.

Conclusion

Treatment modifications such as consolidation chemotherapy after CCRT may be considered based on the poor prognosis of very high risk patients such as those patients in Group B.     

食管鳞癌浸润深度（T分期）与淋巴结转移的关系

目的：探讨食管鳞癌浸润深度（T 分期）与淋巴结转移的关系,为临床评判淋巴结转移情况提供重要依据。方法纳入分析的89492例食管鳞癌手术患者,均来自郑州大学第一附属医院河南省食管癌重点开放实验室50万例食管癌和贲门癌临床信息资料库,其中男59143例,年龄（59±8）岁;女30349例,年龄（60±8）岁。分析食管鳞癌浸润深度（T 分期）与淋巴结转移的关系。结果在纳入分析的89492例食管鳞癌患者中,Tis、T1a、T1b、T2、T3、T4a和 T4b期患者所占的比率依次为0.7%、2.9%、6.8%、30.6%、58.5%、0.4%和0.1%;35581例发生淋巴结转移,淋巴结转移率为39.8%（35581/89492）;103932枚淋巴结发生转移,淋巴结转移度为11.5%（103932/900771）。在 Tis ~ T4b分期中,T4a 期淋巴结转移阳性率和淋巴结转移度均最高（58.3%和22.8%）,其次是 T4b期（55.2%和14.8%）。随着 T 分期的增加（Tis ~ T4a ）,淋巴结转移率和淋巴结转移度增加（χ2=3132.13,P <0.001;χ2=236.12,P <0.001）、转移风险增高（R2=0.951）。不同 T分期的淋巴结转移率和淋巴结转移度之间均呈显著性正相关（ r =0.975,P <0.001;r =0.884,P <0.001）。结论食管鳞癌浸润深度（T 分期）与淋巴结转移密切相关,提示 T 分期可以作为临床上间接评判淋巴结转移的重要参考指标。     

胸段食管鳞癌根治术后失败模式对放疗野设计的指导作用

目的 分析胸段食管鳞状细胞癌根治术后首次复发部位,为进一步修改和完善术后放疗范围提供重要参考依据。方法 回顾分析1999—2007年间在本院行根治术并有明确复发部位记录的195例胸段食管癌患者不同段的首次复发、转移部位。结果 胸上、中段食管癌以胸腔内复发(83.3%、68.0%)为主要部位,而胸下段食管癌则以胸腔内复发(42.9%)和腹腔淋巴结转移(40.8%)为主。术后病理显示淋巴结有无转移与胸腔内复发、锁骨上淋巴结转移、远处转移均无关(χ²=1.58、0.06、0.04,P=0.134、0.467、0.489),但腹腔淋巴结转移的术后淋巴结阳性比例高于阴性(28.7%∶10.6%,χ²=9.94,P=0.001),其中胸中段食管癌的也如此(20.0%∶5.6%,χ²=5.67,P=0.015)。切缘≤3 cm (52例)与>3 cm (142例)者相比术后吻合口复发率明显增加(25.0%∶11.3%,χ²=5.65,P=0.019)。结论 胸腔内为最常见首次复发部位。建议胸上、中段(淋巴结阴性)食管癌放疗靶区包括锁骨上区、上纵隔和瘤床,胸中段(淋巴结阳性)、下段食管癌包括锁骨上区、全纵隔及胃左、腹腔干淋巴引流区。如切缘≤3 cm建议包括吻合口。     

胸段食管癌淋巴结转移规律及其影响因素*

目的:探讨胸段食管癌淋巴结转移规律及其影响因素。方法:选择行根治性手术切除、胸腹二野淋巴结清扫术的229 例胸段食管癌进行研究,手术共清扫淋巴结2 458 枚。分析食管癌不同病变部位淋巴结转移度分布情况以及肿瘤浸润深度、病变长度、大体病理形态、肿瘤分化程度等因素对淋巴结转移的影响。结果:1）102 例食管癌发生淋巴结转移,淋巴结转移率为44.5%（102/229）。 258 枚淋巴结发生转移,淋巴结转移度为10.5%（258/2 458）。2）胸上段食管癌上纵隔、中纵隔、下纵隔和腹腔淋巴结转移度分别为19.0% 、6.7% 、9.8% 和14.2% ;胸中段食管癌分别为26.1% 、7.4% 、11.8% 和11.9% ;胸下段食管癌分别为0、1.6% 、5.3% 和10.0% 。3）Tis期无淋巴结转移。T1、T2、T3、T4 期淋巴结转移率分别为28.6% 、42.9% 、48.3% 和31.3% ;淋巴结转移度分别为7.9% 、10.8% 、10.7% 和10.8% ;T1~T4 期淋巴结转移率和转移度组间比较均无显著性差异（χ2=2.733,P=0.435 和χ2=0.686,P=0.876）。 4）病变长度≤3cm组、
3～5cm组和>5cm组淋巴结转移率分别为45.2% 、43.4% 和46.2% ,淋巴结转移度分别为9.1% 、11.6% 和11.7% ,组间比较差异均不显著（χ2=0.094,P=0.954 和χ2=3.933,P=0.140）。 5）髓质型、溃疡型、蕈伞型和缩窄型食管癌淋巴结转移度分别为14.0% 、9.6% 、4.3% 和18.3%（χ2=19.292,P=0.000）,蕈伞型食管癌淋巴结转移度较低。6）鳞癌、低分化鳞癌淋巴结转移率为42.5% 和75.0%（χ2=4.852,P=0.028）;淋巴结转移度为9.5% 和18.6%（χ2=11.323,P=0.001）。 低分化者易发生淋巴结转移。结论:胸段食管癌淋巴结转移涉及部位多,播散广泛,且食管癌病变早期即可发生癌转移。大体病理形态及肿瘤分化程度是影响淋巴结转移的主要因素。      

胸中段食管鳞癌淋巴结转移度及合理清扫范围的临床研究

目的:本研究通过分析胸中段食管鳞癌淋巴结转移规律及淋巴结转移度对预后的影响,探讨合理的淋巴结清扫范围.方法:对129例经现代二野淋巴结清扫术的胸中段食管鳞癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:全组患者淋巴结转移率为56.6%,总淋巴结转移度(阳性淋巴结数/清扫淋巴结总数,LMR)为11.3%,上纵隔淋巴结转移率为43.4%.最常见的淋巴结受累区域为食管旁、右喉返神经旁、贲门及胃左血管旁、隆突下.影响淋巴结转移的主要因素为肿瘤浸润深度、分化程度及肿瘤长度.无淋巴结转移组、淋巴结转移度≤20%组和淋巴结转移度>20%组患者5年生存率分别为50.4%、31.0%和6.8%,结果差异有统计学意义(P=0.000).结论:淋巴结转移度是判断食管癌预后的一个重要因素,胸中段食管癌应该常规行包括双侧上纵隔的现代二野淋巴结清扫术.     

Ⅱ、Ⅲ期胸段食管鳞癌术后不同辅助治疗方式的疗效分析

目的 评价术后联合放化疗(S+CRT)或术后放疗(S+RT)对Ⅱ、Ⅲ期胸段食管鳞癌患者疗效和不良反应。方法 收集2007—2010年间行根治术且术后辅助放疗或放化疗的Ⅱ、Ⅲ期胸段食管鳞癌215例患者资料。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并Logrank法检验和单因素预后分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果 S+CRT与S+RT组资料具有可比性(P=0.055~0.988)。随访满1、3、5年者分别为203、133、108例。全组患者1、3、5年OS和DFS分别为94.0%、61.4%、49.3%和74.9%、53.5%、46.7%。患者术前CT显示纵隔淋巴结肿大、术中食管病变与周边组织器官粘连程度、病理N分期、脉管瘤栓、阳性淋巴结个数和治疗方式均为OS影响因素(P=0.000~0.034),患者术前CT显示纵隔淋巴结肿大、术中食管病变与周边组织器官粘连程度、术后残端是否阳性、阳性淋巴结个数和治疗方式均为DFS影响因素(P=0.000~0.049)。S+CRT组OS、DFS均优于S+RT组(P=0.002、0.002)。分层分析显示Ⅱ期患者S+CRT组OS、DFS均高于S+RT组(P=0.041、0.001);N₁期患者S+CRT组OS、DFS也均高于S+RT组(P=0.021、0.024)。S+CRT组≥2级放射性胃炎及骨髓抑制发生率均高于S+RT组(P=0.000、0.015)。结论 Ⅱ、Ⅲ期胸段食管鳞癌术后患者接受S+CRT及S+RT均具有较好疗效;S+CRT较S+RT能提高Ⅱ期和N₁期患者OS与DFS;S+CRT组不良反应较大但患者均可耐受;但最终结论需前瞻性Ⅲ期随机研究证实。     

食管癌锁骨上淋巴结转移放射治疗的疗效和预后因素分析

目的:探讨食管癌锁骨上淋巴结转移放疗后的疗效和预后因素。方法:接受放射治疗的食管癌锁骨上淋巴结转移患者共64例,中位随访34个月(3~80个月)。其中食管癌治疗后锁骨上淋巴结转移33例,治疗时发现31例。所有锁骨上转移淋巴结患者均行常规分割放射治疗,总剂量为36~70Gy/5~7周,1·8~2·0Gy/d;其中单纯放疗组43例,放疗联合化疗组16例,放疗联合热疗5例。结果:在锁骨上淋巴结放射治疗结束时23例(35·9%)达CR;30例(46·9%)达PR。全组患者中位生存期13·5个月,最长随访时间80个月。1、3和5年生存率分别为56·3%、9·4%和3·1%。随访结束时37例(57·8%)患者死亡,无病生存患者15例(23·4%),7例患者带瘤生存(10·9%),5例失访。多因素分析显示,锁骨上转移淋巴结的直径(P=0·001)、单侧还是双侧(P=0·015)和转移的数目(P=0·042)对其放射治疗后能否达到CR差异有统计学意义;但对于生存率只有淋巴结的直径差异有统计学意义,P=0·010。结论:在食管癌治疗后发现锁骨上淋巴结转移的患者给予进一步的治疗仍能获得一定的治疗效果,采用综合治疗并未提高患者的长期生存率。     

第7版食管癌锁骨上淋巴结转移分期方式的探讨及152例病例分析

分析食管癌锁骨上淋巴结转移放疗疗效及探讨第7版国际食管癌M分期方式。方法:回顾分析2005年1月至2009年12月经病理证实的锁骨上淋巴结转移的胸段食管癌病例152例,其中食管原发灶放射治疗患者95例,手术治疗57例;食管原发灶治疗后锁骨上淋巴结转移的患者81例,首诊时发现71例;141例患者锁骨上淋巴结行放射治疗,11例未行放射治疗。结果:全组患者中位随访时间为17（2～68）个月。放射治疗后近期疗效评价52.5%的患者达CR（74/141）、41.8%达PR（59/141）、3.6%达NC（5/141）、2.1%达PD（3/141）。至随访截止日期生存者40例,1、2、3年生存率分别为69.1%、37.4%、24.0%。多因素分析显示年龄、锁骨上淋巴结转移时间、单侧或双侧转移、近期疗效及是否合并内脏转移对预后的影响有统计学意义（P<0.05）。根据第7版国际食管癌TNM分期按食管原发灶首诊时有无胸腔内及锁骨上区淋巴结转移分为N分期（39例）和M分期（71例）组,两组患者1、2、3年总生存率分别为82.1%、54.1%、31.0%和56.3%、28.1%、21.7%（P=0.041）。按照第6版国际食管癌TNM分期,根据患者食管原发灶首诊时有锁骨上区淋巴结转移的M分期组71例分为M1a 20例与M1b 51例,两组患者1、2、3年总生存率分别为60.0%、27.3%、27.3%和54.9%、28.7%、19.0%,（P=0.930）。单纯锁骨上淋巴结转移（104例）与合并内脏转移（48例）患者的1、2、3年生存率分别为72.1%、47.0%、32.9%和62.5%、17.5%、5.8%（P<0.001）。结论:胸段食管癌出现锁骨上淋巴结转移与胸腔内淋巴结转移患者生存情况存在显著性差异;单纯锁骨上淋巴结转移与合并内脏器官转移患者的预后有显著性差异,分期时是否应将锁骨上淋巴结转移划分为M分期或N分期,还是分亚组需进一步研究;原发灶的位置对食管癌锁骨上淋巴结转移的预后影响不大;患者的年龄、锁骨上淋巴结转移时间、单侧或双侧转移、近期疗效及是否合并内脏转移对预后有影响。      

Intraoperative pathological investigation of recurrent nerve nodal metastasis can guide the decision whether to perform cervical lymph node dissection in thoracic esophageal cancer

Three-field lymph node dissection has been widely used to treat thoracic esophageal cancer, but is very invasive and can cause serious complications. Whether cervical lymph node dissection should be performed in all patients with thoracic esophageal cancer remains controversial. We pathologically examined the recurrent nerve lymph nodes during surgery in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer to determine the presence or absence of lymph node involvement. In patients without recurrent nerve nodal involvement, cervical lymph node dissection was not performed. Treatment outcomes were analyzed to evaluate whether intraoperative pathological investigation was a useful procedure. Among 71 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer who underwent 3-field lymph node dissection, the rate of cervical lymph node metastasis was 40.9% in patients with recurrent nerve nodal metastasis on intraoperative pathological investigation, as compared with 10.2% in patients without recurrent nerve nodal metastasis (p=0.007). Multiple logistic-regression analysis showed that recurrent nerve nodal metastasis was a strong predictor of cervical lymph node metastasis (odds ratio, 2.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.139-7.775; p=0.03). Among 41 patients who underwent intraoperative pathological investigation, 10 had recurrent nerve nodal metastasis and underwent cervical lymph node dissection. Two of these patients had histological evidence of cervical lymph node metastasis. The remaining 31 patients had no recurrent nerve nodal metastasis on intraoperative pathological examination and therefore did not receive cervical lymph node dissection. None of these patients had cervical lymph node recurrence on follow-up. We compared patients who underwent intraoperative pathological investigation with those who underwent conventional 3-field lymph node dissection (without performing intraoperative pathological investigation). The rates of cervical lymph node recurrence were similar among the groups (2.6% vs. 6.7%), but the 3-year survival rate was significantly higher in the patients who underwent intraoperative pathological dissection (83.3%) than in those who underwent 3-field dissection (57.2%; p<0.05). Although this was a retrospective study, our results suggest that outcomes of patients undergoing cervical lymph node dissection according to the results of intraoperative pathological investigation are at least as good as those in patients undergoing 3-field lymph node dissection. We conclude that intraoperative pathological investigation of recurrent nerve nodal metastasis is useful for determining whether cervical lymph node dissection should be performed in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer.     

Aurora-A异常表达在食管鳞癌淋巴结转移中的作用

目的 探讨Aurora-A在T3期食管鳞癌中的表达及其与预后的关系.方法 建立食管鳞癌患者的组织芯片,采用免疫组织化学方法检测食管鳞癌组织及其对应的癌旁正常组织中AuroraA的表达情况,分析Aurora-A的表达水平与淋巴结转移及生存率的相关性.结果 Aurora-A在食管鳞癌组织中的阳性表达率为74.1%(140/189),在癌旁正常组织中的阳性表达率为18.5%(35/189),差异有统计学意义(x2=105.162,P＜0.05).淋巴结阳性组的Aurora-A强阳性表达率为43.0%(46/107),淋巴结阴性组为7.4%(7/95),差异有统计学意义(x2=36.132,P＜0.05).Aurora-A强阳性表达者的生存率明显低于Aurora-A阴性者(P=0.0042).结论 Aurora-A的表达水平与T3期食管鳞癌的淋巴结转移和预后有关,可能对食管鳞癌患者的淋巴结转移和预后有一定的预测作用.     

Outcome of treatment for breast cancer patients with chest wall recurrence according to initial stage: implications for post-mastectomy radiation therapy

PURPOSE: The impact of postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) on overall survival (OS) for patients with Stage II breast cancer with 1-3 positive lymph nodes is controversial. We sought to compare the outcome of salvage treatment for patients with chest wall recurrence (CWR) according to initial disease stage to shed light on the potential benefit of PMRT in specific subgroups of patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed information concerning 96 patients with CWR who were not previously treated with PMRT. The patients were divided according to their initial extent of disease: T1-T2N0 (Group 1), T1-T2 with 1-3 positive lymph nodes (Group 2), and T3-T4 or > or =4 positive lymph nodes (Group 3). The OS and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) from the time of CWR were compared using the method of Kaplan and Meier, and a Cox regression model was used for a multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Group 1 had an improved OS and DMFS compared with Group 2 and Group 3 (p < 0.001), but there were no differences in OS or DMFS between Group 2 and Group 3 (p = 0.250 and p = 0.492, respectively). The respective 5-year rates for the three groups were as follows: OS 79.9% vs. 41.9% vs. 29.1%; DMFS 75.2% vs. 33.6% vs. 25.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer patients with T1-T2N0 breast cancer who develop a CWR have a significantly better outcome than those with lymph node-positive disease. Patients with T1-T2 tumors and one to three positive lymph nodes have a similar outcome after CWR as those with larger tumors or more than four positive lymph nodes. These data should be considered when weighing the risks and benefits of PMRT for patients with Stage II breast cancer with one to three positive lymph nodes.     

胸段食管鳞癌淋巴结转移强度和淋巴结清扫手术方式分析

背景与目的:淋巴结转移强度包括淋巴结转移数量和淋巴结转移度。淋巴结转移度即术后病理证实的淋巴结转移数和切除淋巴结数的比值。这两个指标是评估食管癌分期和预后的重要指标。本研究探讨胸段食管鳞癌淋巴结转移强度以及影响淋巴结转移强度的因素,进而探讨淋巴结清扫术式。方法:在中山大学附属第二医院手术切除的120例食管鳞癌患者,术中按美国胸科协会(AST)Casson修订淋巴结分组清扫淋巴结。结果:120例胸段食管鳞癌清扫淋巴结2631个,平均每例22个。胸上段食管鳞癌向颈部转移的淋巴结转移度(20.9%)大于胸中段(12.9%)和胸下段食管癌(6.8%)(P<0.05)。胸下段淋巴结向腹部胃周转移淋巴结转移度(37.5%)大于胸中段(17.5%)和胸上段食管癌(7.1%)(P<0.05)。隆突淋巴结转移以中段多见。食管癌浸润深度、食管癌分化、食管环壁生长程度与淋巴结转移强度显著相关(P<0.05),食管癌病变长度与转移强度不相关(P>0.05)。经右胸三野淋巴结清扫术后生存时间优于经左胸二野淋巴结清扫术(P<0.05)。结论:食管癌术中应注意淋巴结转移强度高的区域淋巴结清扫。食管癌浸润深度、食管癌分化、食管环壁生长程度是影响淋巴结转移强度的重要因素。在胸段食管癌淋巴清扫手术中,经右胸三野淋巴结清扫明显优于经左胸二野淋巴结清扫术。     

胸段食管癌淋巴结转移数量对预后的影响分析

 目的 探讨胸段食管癌转移淋巴结的数量与食管癌预后的关系以及影响淋巴结转移数量的因素。方法 回顾性分析1996年10月至2000年8月在山西省肿瘤医院行胸段食管癌根治术后患者282例。所得结果采用SPSS13.0软件包进行生存分析。结果 （1）食管癌无淋巴结转移者1、3、5年生存率分别为80.65 %、50.12 %、36.70 %；有淋巴结转移者1、3、5年生存率分别为65.35 %、22.46 %、7.94 %，两者差异具有统计学意义；（2）淋巴结转移数量与食管癌的生存率呈负相关；（3）淋巴结转移的数量与癌组织的分化、长度、周径及是否有癌栓有关。结论 食管癌淋巴结转移数量与该病预后有重要关系，能反映其预后，建议pTNM分期将淋巴结转移数考虑在内