人α-防御素-1基因与J链基因的融合及其表达载体的构建

目的本研究旨在将α-防御素-1(HNP-1)基因与J链基因进行融合使其成为融合基因J-HNP-1。方法从pCH-J质粒中扩增出J链;从pBabeNeo-HNP-1质粒中扩增出HNP-1;然后以它们的自身产物为模板,进行重组PCR,获取J-HNP-1 DNA片段,并插入编码双重报告基因Myc和6个多聚组氨酸(His)的哺乳动物细胞表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)/Myc-HisC中,构建出C端带Myc和6×His的rpcDNA3.1(-)/Myc-HisC/J-HNP-1。结果经过重组得到的融合基因J-HNP-1的目的片段为786 bp,与预测相符。结论杀菌分子J-HNP-1的重组和哺乳动物细胞表达载体的构建,为进一步进行抗菌肽的研究及制备奠定了基础。     

卡氏肺孢子虫MSG抗原基因片段真核表达质粒构建与表达

[目的]构建大鼠源卡氏肺孢子虫MSG抗原基因片段真核表达质粒,进行表达。[方法]以卡氏肺孢子虫DNA为模板,应用PCR扩增MSG基因片段,连接至pGEM-T Easy载体,再克隆至PCDNA3.1( )载体。构建的重组表达质粒经酶切、PCR鉴定后转染至COS-7细胞,并进行大量增殖。RT-PCR验证转染基因的表达。[结果]重组表达质粒PCDNA3.1( )/MSG经酶切及PCR鉴定结果表明构建成功。RT-PCR结果显示MSG基因片段成功转染至COS-7细胞,并在其中进行基因表达。[结论]成功构建了PCDNA3.1( )/MSG重组质粒,并在COS-7细胞中表达,为进一步进行核酸疫苗的研究打下基础。     

帕金森病PINK1蛋白真核表达载体pcDNA3．1-myc／PINK1的构建及其在COS-7细胞中的表达

目的构建帕金森病PINK1基因真核表达载体pcDNA3．1-mye／PINK1,检测其转染COS-7细胞后的表达。方法用PCR方法从人cDNA文库DNA中扩增PINK1全长cDNA,该基因片段两端设计了EcoR I和BamH I限制性酶切位点。将所得片段连接到T载体上测序证实。利用重组DNA技术将PINK1的cDNA构建到真核表达载体pcDNA3．1-myc—his（-）B上,酶切鉴定。通过脂质体介导的转染技术将所构建的载体导入COS-7细胞中,体外培养,于转染48h后利用RT—PCR和Western Blotting方法检测目的基因的表达情况。主要观察指标：（1）PINK1基因cDNA扩增产物检测。（2）pcDNA3．1-myc／PINK1重组体酶切鉴定。（3）Western—blotting。结果经琼脂糖凝胶电泳及测序证实,PCR获得的片段与GenBank中登记的PINK1序列完全相同;pcDNA3．1-myc／CHIP酶切片段的长度与理论大小相符;转染48h后的COS-7细胞可检测到PINK1蛋白的表达。结论PINK1蛋白真核表达载体构建成功,在COS-7细胞中可获得表达。     

潜伏活性的人可溶性TNFⅠ型受体融合蛋白真核表达载体的构建及表达

目的:采用基因工程技术,将转化生长因子β前体相关蛋白(LAP)通过基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)水解部位与人可溶性TNFⅠ型受体(hsTNFRⅠ)连接,构建pcDNA3.1/LAP-MMP-hsTNFRⅠ融合蛋白真核表达载体,获得LAP-MMP-hsTNFRⅠ融合蛋白。方法:将编码MMP水解部位氨基酸的正反义DNA序列退火形成互补双链后定向克隆插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1( ),得到pcDNA3.1/MMP重组体;将TGF-β1的LAP段和hsTNFRⅠ与MMP水解部位连接,获得pcDNA3.1/LAP-MMP-hsTNFRⅠ真核表达载体。测序鉴定后,脂质体介导重组质粒转染COS-7细胞,通过RT-PCR检测融合基因的表达。结果:酶切及测序结果证实pcDNA3.1/LAP-MMP-hsTNFRⅠ重组载体构建成功,转染后RT-PCR结果表明重组质粒在COS-7细胞中得到有效表达。结论:成功构建了融合蛋白真核表达载体pcDNA3.1/LAP-MMP-hsTNFRⅠ,并获得融合基因的瞬时表达,为进一步研究融合蛋白在子宫内膜异位症中的靶向治疗奠定了实验基础。     

白细胞介素10基因克隆及其真核表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的克隆人白细胞介素10(hIL-10)基因,以构建真核表达载体,并检测其在COS-7细胞中的表达情况。方法从人全血标本中提取细胞总RNA,以逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法扩增hIL-10基因,分别构建含hIL-10目的基因的克隆载体与表达载体,提取质粒,经酶切、PCR和DNA测序鉴定;重组表达载体pVAX1-hIL10转染COS-7细胞,观测hIL-10的瞬时表达情况。结果构建了重组克隆载体pMD18T-hIL10和真核表达载体pVAX1-hIL10,经酶切、PCR及测序鉴定正确,插入片段序列与GenBank已公布的hIL-10基因序列一致;pVAX1-hIL10可以有效地转染COS-7细胞,Western blot结果表明hIL-10在COS-7细胞中瞬时表达。结论成功克隆了hIL-10基因,构建的表达载体pVAX1-hIL10在COS-7细胞中瞬时表达hIL-10蛋白,为进一步研究其生物学功能和临床应用奠定了基础。     

HCMV IE1蛋白对小鼠Raw264．7细胞株TNF-α、IL-1β表达的影响

目的构建人巨细胞病毒(Human cytomegalovirus,HCMV)立即早期蛋白1(IE1)真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)-IE1,将其转染小鼠巨噬细胞Raw264.7细胞株,观察IE1蛋白在细胞中的表达及其对小鼠巨噬细胞Raw264.7分泌细胞因子功能的影响。方法双酶切pQE30-IE1,回收目的基因IE1,亚克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(-),筛选、鉴定阳性克隆得pcDNA3.1(-)-IE1;提取质粒pcDNA3.1(-)-IE1,通过Super FectTM脂转染试剂将质粒pcDNA3.1(-)-IE转染Raw264.7细胞,Western-blot鉴定IE1蛋白的表达,并用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测培养上清液中细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β的表达水平。结果与结论①成功构建了真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)-IE1;②pcD-NA3.1(-)-IE1能在Raw264.7细胞中表达;③IE1的表达可上调巨噬细胞TNF-α、IL-1β的表达水平。     

hMAM与人HSP70融合基因真核表达载体的构建与表达

目的:构建人乳腺珠蛋白(hMAM)与人热休克蛋白70(hHSP70)融合基因的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-hMAM-HSP70,并观察重组载体在COS-7细胞中的表达,为肿瘤DNA疫苗研究奠定基础。方法:利用PCR方法扩增hMAM基因,经酶切测序分析后,与人HSP70基因克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1,构建了融合基因真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-hMAM-HSP70。将重组载体电穿孔法转染入COS-7细胞,间接免疫荧光法检测目的基因的表达。结果:成功扩增了人HSP70基因与hMAM基因,酶切测序结果表明,重组载体含有hMAM与人HSP70的融合基因,在COS-7细胞中可检测到hMAM表达。结论:hMAM与人HSP70融合基因的真核表达载体构建成功,为进一步进行DNA肿瘤疫苗研究提供了实验依据。     

人乳腺珠蛋白基因真核表达载体的构建及其表达

[目的]构建人乳腺珠蛋白(hMAM)基因的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-hMAM,并观察重组载体在COS-7细胞中的表达,为肿瘤DNA疫苗研究奠定基础.[方法]利用PCR方法扩增hMAM基因,酶切测序分析后,克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1,构建真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-hMAM.将重组载体用脂质体转染法转染入COS-7细胞,间接免疫荧光法检测目的基因的表达.[结果]成功扩增hMAM基因,酶切测序结果表明,重组载体含有hMAM基因,在COS-7细胞中可检测到hMAM表达.[结论]hMAM基因的真核表达载体构建成功,为进一步进行DNA肿瘤疫苗研究提供了实验依据.     

人β-防御素-2基因表达及其抗菌活性

目的获得人β-防御素-2（humanβ-defensin-2,hBD2）基因并构建其真核表达载体,转染小鼠纤维母细胞（L929）,检测其表达,观察hBD2的体外抗菌活性。方法采用逆转录（RT）-PCR方法从人宫颈癌组织获取人β-防御素-2基因,然后进行克隆扩增,重组真核表达载体pCAGG-hBD2,通过磷酸钙共沉淀法将pCAGG-hBD2导入L929细胞,并用RT-PCR法检测hBD2的表达,用Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法检测其抗菌活性。结果RT-PCR凝胶电泳及测序分析的结果显示,所克隆的hBD2基因序列正确,并成功构建了真核表达载体pCAGG-hBD2。Kirby-Bauer纸片法显示,hBD2对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌有明显的杀灭效应。结论转染pCAGG-hBD2的L929细胞能高效表达hBD2,其对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌有杀灭作用。     

人乳腺珠蛋白基因疫苗的构建及其免疫原性研究

目的:构建人乳腺珠蛋白(hMAM)基因重组质粒pcDNA3.1-hMAM,并观察重组质粒在COS-7细胞中的表达,为肿瘤DNA疫苗研究奠定基础。方法:利用PCR方法扩增hMAM基因,酶切测序后克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1,构建真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-hMAM。将重组载体脂质体转染法转染入COS-7细胞,间接免疫荧光法和ELISA检测目的基因的表达。结果:成功扩增hMAM基因,酶切测序表明,重组质粒含有hMAM基因,在COS-7细胞中可检测到hMAM表达。结论:hMAM基因疫苗构建成功,为进一步进行DNA肿瘤疫苗研究提供了实验依据。     

长春新碱过量引起严重毒副反应1例的护理体会

报道1例霍奇金淋巴瘤患者因误用长春新碱（VCR）10mg一次性静脉推注后治疗护理情况。其出现间断性神志恍惚、眼睑闭合不全、言语不清、口腔黏膜糜烂、全身疼痛、麻痹性肠梗阻、尿潴留、手足麻木等症状,经积极解救,禁食,持续胃肠减压、胃管内注入麻油、开塞露、生理盐水灌肠,合理应用肠外营养,注重疼痛、心理护理,做好口腔、肛周护理,预防感染加重,患者病情得到控制好转出院。     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis

BackgroundVaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider dose timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual doses. This analysis compared methods of operationalizing vaccination uptake and corresponding risk of pertussis infection.MethodsCity-wide case-control study of children in Philadelphia aged 3 months through 6 years, between 2001 and 2013. Multiple logistic regression was used to isolate the independent effects of each measure of vaccination uptake and the corresponding relative odds of pertussis.ResultsBeing UTD on vaccinations was associated with a 52% reduction in risk of pertussis (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.69). Evaluation of delayed receipt of vaccine versus on-time UTD yielded similar results. There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional dose received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second dose (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34). Additional doses conferred minimal additional protection in this age group.ConclusionExamining vaccination status by individual doses may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.     

两种不同肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析63例腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与61例腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床资料,比较2种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、使用抗生素时间、术后感染率、体温恢复正常时间、住院时间等情况。结果:两组患者接受子宫肌瘤剔除术顺利完成,腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(P0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量及剔除肌瘤个数均少于开腹组(P0.05),术后腹腔镜组体温恢复正常时间、肛门排气时间、抗生素使用及住院时间均短于开腹组,两组患者最多随访6个月,腹腔镜组平均康复时间较开腹组短(P0.05),两组随访B超均未发现明显肌瘤结节。结论:腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术损伤小,恢复快,住院时间短,是值得推广的微创手术。     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

性发育异常发病机制的研究进展

正常的性腺分化可分为3个过程：原始性腺形成、性别决定和卵巢/睾丸发育。在任一环节中,基因表达或调控发生异常均有可能导致性发育异常疾病的发生。性发育异常是指染色体、性腺和解剖性别不典型。随着分子生物学技术的发展,不断地发现新的基因或信号通路参与性腺分化和发育,如SRY、SF1、WT1、Sox9等基因与睾丸发育密切相关,Wnt/Rspo1/B连环蛋白通路、Dax1、Foxl2等基因在卵巢分化中发挥着重要作用,一些非编码RNA和转化生长因子也有重要的调节功能,且睾丸和卵巢发育均为主动过程,即使在出生后因某些基因的改变两者间也可出现横向分化。这些为揭示性分化异常的发病机制提供了可能。     

尘肺病患者145例死因调查

目的分析汉中市尘肺病的发生、发展和死亡原因，以提高尘肺病患者的生存质量。方法对145例尘肺病患者的死因进行回顾性分析，计算其平均发病年龄、死亡年龄及患尘肺病后的存活年限。结果矽肺的平均发病年龄和死亡年龄均早于煤工尘肺和石棉肺，尘肺病的主要死因为患肺部疾患，患尘肺病后的平均存活年限为12a。结论加强职业健康体检工作，对尘肺病人做到早发现早治疗和预防并发症的发生。     

One-year stability of the Measure of Processes of Care

BACKGROUND: The Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) is a 56-item self-administered measure designed to examine what parents of a child with a chronic health problem think of the services they and their child receive, and to measure the extent to which these services are family-centred. Reliability and validity of the MPOC were established in prior studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the 1-year stability of the MPOC to justify its use as an evaluative tool. METHODS: Nine paediatric rehabilitation centres in the Netherlands participated in this short longitudinal survey study. Subjects were 205 parents (response rate 74.8%) of children aged 1-18 years who received care in one of the participating paediatric rehabilitation centres. All subjects filled out two MPOCs with a 1-year interval. RESULTS: All correlations between the scale scores of the MPOC at the first and second administration were relatively high and significant (range: 0.443-0.609, all P < 0.001), demonstrating high inter-individual stability. However, all mean scale scores, except for Providing General Information, significantly reduced after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The MPOC has a moderate 1-year stability. However, because of its tendency to score lower when repeated after 1 year, its use as an evaluative follow-up instrument to assess the effectiveness of a programme intervention is restricted.     

儿童皮质发育畸形的MRI诊断

目的探讨儿童皮质发育畸形(MCD)的MRI表现特点,为MCD的早期诊断提供依据。 方法选择2010年1月至2012年12月在四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院放射科经MRI检查确诊为MCD的44例患儿为研究对象。回顾性分析及总结其MRI影像学特征。本研究遵循的程序符合四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,征得受试对象及其监护人知情同意,并与监护人签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果本组44例经MRI确诊为MCD患儿中,巨脑回-无脑回为17例,多小脑回为14例,灰质异位为9例,脑裂畸形为4例。MCD的MRI特点中,巨脑回表现为脑回增宽、皮质增厚及白质变薄;无脑回表现为正常脑沟、脑回消失,皮质增厚及白质变薄;多小脑回表现为脑回增多、细小;灰质异位表现为皮质下及侧脑室周围深部白质区结节状、团块状或带状病灶,信号与灰质信号相同;脑裂畸形表现为从侧脑室到脑表面贯穿大脑半球的裂隙,表面覆盖灰质。 结论MRI是诊断儿童MCD的可靠影像学方法。     

244株真菌鉴定结果分析

目的 了解某院2000～2001年各类真菌的检出率。方法 用酵母样真菌同化试验编码鉴定板TH-15进行编码鉴定。结果 真菌分离率为8．85％；244株真菌分为10种，其中以白色念珠菌和热带念珠菌较高，分别占真菌总数的75．41％和11．47％；检出真菌的主要标本是痰和阴道分泌物。结论 及时进行真菌培养，有利于合理使用抗菌药物和控制真菌感染。