~(18)F-FDG PET显像对强迫症手术治疗前后的观察

目的　应用18F 脱氧葡萄糖 (FDG)PET显像评估强迫症手术治疗的疗效。方法　 9例经药物和心理治疗无效的难治性强迫症患者在术前和术后分别接受了YALE BROWN强迫症评定量表 (Y BOCS)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表 (HAMA)及FDGPET显像 ,同期的PET显像在治疗前后以相同的计数、脑定位及相同的处理条件进行采集和处理 ,患者在注射FDG时均保持相同的条件。与 10例年龄相匹配的对照者脑葡萄糖代谢进行比较 ,观察治疗前强迫症患者与对照者脑葡萄糖代谢的区别 ,并与手术治疗后的PET显像和量表评分进行比较。结果　与对照者相比 ,9例强迫症患者在额叶、扣带回、眶回、基底节尾状核头部和丘脑等处均可见FDG的高摄取。PET显像结果与YALE BROWN和HAMA量表评分结果相符。治疗后 9例患者中 6例取得良好疗效 ,其PET显像见额叶、扣带回、眶回、基底节尾状核头部和丘脑FDG代谢减低 ,且与量表评分结果一致。结论　FDGPET显像可用于解释强迫症的异常脑环路的存在 ,在治疗前有助于脑异常功能区域的定位 ,与YALE BROWN和HAMA的量表测定联合应用有助于强迫症的诊断。同时 ,FDGPET显像可用于该病的疗效观察和并发症的功能定位。     

18F—FDG PET显像对强迫症手术治疗前后的观察

目的 应用18F－脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET显像评估强迫症手术治疗的疗效,方法 9例经药物和心理治疗无效的难治性强迫症患者在术前和术后分别接受了YALE－BROWN强迫症评定量表（Y－BOCS）,汉密尔顿焦虚量表（HAMA）及FDG PET显像,同期的PET显像在治疗前后以相同的计数,脑定位及相同的处理条件进行采集和处理,患者在注射FDG时均保持相同的条件。与10例年龄相匹配的对照者脑葡萄糖代谢进行比较,观察治疗前强迫症患者与对照组脑葡萄糖代谢的区别,并与手术治疗后的PET显像和量表评分进行比较,结果 与对照者相比,9例强迫症患者在额叶,扣带回,眶回,基底节尾状核头部和丘脑等处均可见FDG的高摄取,PET显像结果与YALE－BROWN和HAMA量表评分结果相符,治疗后9例患者中6例取得良好疗效,其PET显像见额叶,扣带回,眶回,基底节尾状 核头部和丘脑FDG代谢减低,且与量表评人结果一致。结论 FDG PET显像可用于解释强迫症的异常脑环路的存在,在治疗前有助于脑异常功能区域的定位,与YALE－BROWN和HAM的量表[测定联合应用有助于强迫症的诊断,同时,FDG,PET显像可用于该病的疗效观察和并发症的功能定位。     

18F-FDG PET显像观察强迫症患者内囊前肢毁损术后脑内环路的改变

目的　用1 8F 脱氧葡萄糖 (FDG)PET显像观察强迫症患者行内囊前肢毁损术后脑内环路的改变。方法　强迫症患者 8例 ,均于行内囊前肢毁损术前后分别行1 8F FDGPET显像 ,应用统计参数图 (SPM)对图像进行分析。结果　SPM分析显示内囊毁损术后左侧扣带回 (Brodmann 32区 )、边缘叶灰质、尾状核、丘脑背内侧核、扣带回 (Brodmann 2 4区 )、中额叶及下额叶白质及右侧壳核外白质、丘脑背内侧核、中额叶及下额叶白质葡萄糖代谢减低 (P <0 0 0 1)。结论　SPM分析可在活体上显示强迫症患者内囊前肢毁损术后扣带回、纹状体和丘脑的代谢明显减低 ,与手术使异常脑环路中断有关。     

混合型多系统萎缩病程与脑葡萄糖代谢相关性研究

目的探讨混合型多系统萎缩（MSA）病程与脑葡萄糖代谢之间的关系。方法46例符合Gilman诊断标准的混合型MSA患者,按病程分为3组：组1（14例）,病程≤12个月;组2（13例）,病程13～24个月;组3（19例）,病程≥25个月。另选择年龄匹配的对照组18名（均为体格检查健康者）。所有纳入对象均行头部^18F—FDGPET／CT动态显像。应用SPM8软件将对照组分别与组1、2、3的^18F—FDGPET目标图像行两样本t检验,P〈0．005为差异有统计学意义。结果与对照组相比,在检验水平P〈0．005时,组1低代谢脑区（均t〉3．49）主要位于额叶、颞叶外侧、岛叶、前扣带回、尾状核及小脑前叶;组2低代谢脑区（均t〉3．21）除了上述部位以外,还出现在壳核后部及小脑后叶局部;组3低代谢脑区（均t〉4．08）扩大至双侧壳核及双侧小脑半球。另外,3组患者均存在稳定的高代谢脑区,主要位于顶叶、颞叶内侧及丘脑;组1、组2、组3对应t值范围分别为均f〉3．27、均￡〉3．02、均t〉3．30。结论混合型MSA的病程与脑葡萄糖代谢模式有关。额叶、颞叶外侧、前扣带回及尾状核在病变早期即可受累,随后壳核由后至前逐渐出现代谢减低,而丘脑一直保持高代谢状态。小脑代谢减低由前叶延伸至后叶。^18F—FDGPET／CT可较好反映混合型MSA病变的进展情况。     

AD型与非AD型变性痴呆大脑葡萄糖代谢的SPM分析

目的 探讨阿尔茨海默病(AD)型与非AD型变性痴呆患者的大脑葡萄糖代谢特征.方法 对23例AD患者、24例非AD型变性痴呆[包括9例帕金森病痴呆(PDD)、7例额颞痴呆(FTD)及8例路易体痴呆(DLB)]患者及40名健康对照者进行静息状态下的18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET脑显像.结果 采用统计参数图(SPM)法进行基于体素水平分析.结果 (1)AD组:AD患者大脑葡萄糖代谢较对照组减低的脑区包括双侧颞-顶联合皮质区、额叶、楔前叶及后扣带回等部位.(2)非AD型变性痴呆组:FTD组大脑葡萄糖代谢较对照组减低的脑区包括双侧额叶、顶叶、岛叶、扣带回及左侧楔前叶、右侧皮质下结构等部位,以双侧额叶及皮质下结构为著;PDD组大脑葡萄糖代谢较对照组减低的脑区包括双侧额叶、颞-顶联合皮质区及皮质下结构,如基底节、丘脑等部位;DLB组大脑葡萄糖代谢较对照组减低的脑区包括双侧枕叶、楔前叶、额叶、顶叶及左侧前扣带回、右侧颞叶及皮质下结构如基底节、丘脑等部位,以双侧颞-顶-枕叶联合皮质区为著.结论 AD型与非AD型变性痴呆的大脑葡萄糖代谢特征不同,18F-FDG PET脑显像可为临床诊断及鉴别诊断神经变性痴呆提供依据.     

晚期帕金森病患者脑内18F-FDG摄取变化及其异常脑内环路机制的探讨

目的　用1 8F 脱氧葡萄糖 (FDG)PET显像显示晚期帕金森病患者异常的脑内环路。方法　对 10例双侧症状的晚期帕金森病患者和 10例正常人分别行静息状态下1 8F FDGPET显像 ,用统计参数图 (SPM)方法对晚期帕金森病患者和正常人的PET图像进行组间t检验分析 ,比较 2组间脑内葡萄糖代谢的差异。结果　与正常人相比 ,帕金森病患者双侧丘脑、海马、中央前回皮质 (Brodmann6区 ,BA6 )及豆状核代谢增加 (P <0 0 0 1) ;前额叶运动区 (BA4 6、BA4 7)及顶叶 (BA7、BA39)代谢减低(P <0 0 0 1)。结论　帕金森病脑内异常代谢环路的显示有助于帕金森病的辅助诊断及其发病机理的探讨。     

Alzheimer病与轻度认知功能障碍的脑SPECT显像

目的探讨脑SPECT显像对阿尔茨海默病（AD）和轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）的早期诊断及预后判定价值。方法对33例AD、17例MCI患者和12例认知正常者进行SPECT检查及随访研究。结果AD组典型表现是双侧颞顶叶低灌注，在颞叶、顶叶、额叶、丘脑和扣带回血流灌注均明显低于MCI和认知正常组（P〈0．05）；MCI组仅在颞叶血流灌注明显低于认知正常组（P〈0．05）。不稳定型MCI组扣带回血流灌注明显低于稳定型MCI组（P〈0．05）。结论SPECT显像可为早期诊断AD和MCI提供客观评定脑功能的指标，对MCI预后判定有重要价值。     

帕金森病脑18F-FDG PET显像临床研究

目的：探讨帕金森病（PD）患者18F－脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET脑代谢显像的影像学特征及其临床意义。方法：静脉注射18F－FDG后行脑断层显像，获得33例PD患者及32例正常人纹状体，丘脑，黑质，顶叶，颞叶，额叶，枕叶，海马单位面积放射性计数与小脑计数的比值（Rcl/cb)，并与MRI进行对照。结果：正常人脑PET显像可见大脑各叶，基底节，丘脑，中脑及小脑放射性分布均匀对称。PD患者的PET异常率为96．97％，MRI异常率为30．30％，PD患者黑质，纹状体，丘脑及大脑半球各叶代谢低于正常人，差异有非常显著性（P＜0．001），并与症状严重程度有关，症状重侧肢体对侧脑半球的黑质，纹状体，丘脑及额叶代谢较另侧降低，PD患者PET显像特征：非对称性黑质（93．94％），纹状体（69．70％），丘脑（36．36％）代谢减低，非对称性纹状体或丘脑代 谢轻度增高，占15．15％，非对称性大脑各叶代谢下降，其中以颞叶（51．52％），额叶（39．39％），海马（45．46％）为著，非对称性额叶，颞叶，海马代谢轻度增高占9．09％，结论：在除外脑内结构特异性损害基础上，18F－FDG，PET发现单侧或不对称性双侧黑质，经纹体，丘脑代谢减低或轻度增高有助PD的早期诊断。     

阿尔茨海默病与血管性痴呆的18 F-FDG PET脑显像

目的　观察18F 脱氧葡萄糖 (FDG)PET脑显像鉴别诊断阿尔茨海默病 (AD)与血管性痴呆 (VD)的价值。方法　分别对 10例AD、11例VD及 12例对照者进行18F FDGPET脑显像 ,采用统计参数图 (SPM)方法及感兴趣区 (ROI)方法进行分析 ,比较AD及VD的显像特点。结果　SPM图像显示 ,AD组患者两侧大脑皮层顶叶、颞叶、额叶及后扣带回等部位葡萄糖代谢明显降低 ,左、右不对称 ;而两侧皮层下基底节区等结构代谢不受影响。VD组患者代谢弥漫性降低 ,遍及大脑皮层及皮层下结构。ROI分析表明 ,AD组患者大脑皮层顶叶、颞叶、额叶放射性降低 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,皮层下神经核团等无明显变化。而VD组患者仅左侧额叶及右侧壳核放射性降低 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　PET脑显像可有效诊断AD并鉴别诊断AD与VD。     

阿尔茨海默病患者脑葡萄糖代谢变化PET/CT研究

目的 探讨阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者脑区葡萄糖代谢变化特征及意义.方法 依据临床诊断标准纳入AD患者17例(AD组),同时选择基本特征匹配的15例健康志愿者做对照(HC组),2组患者均行18 F-FDG PET脑显像,计算机处理获得三维重建图像.采用视觉分析、感兴趣区(ROI)技术与脑功能分析软件对2组PET图像进行统计分析.结果 ①AD患者葡萄糖代谢减低主要累及顶叶、颞叶、额叶皮质、后扣带回和海马,不累及枕叶、基底核、丘脑和小脑,不影响躯体感觉和运动功能.②与轻度AD比较,中重度AD顶叶、颞叶、额叶、后扣带回和海马区葡萄糖代谢减低程度更为显著,范围也有所扩大,部分患者可累及视觉与语言中枢.③系统自带脑代谢分析软件较视觉评价和ROI分析技术更加客观,精细度更高,能够精确反映脑区葡萄糖代谢变化,适合推广应用.结论 AD患者大脑皮层葡萄糖代谢减低区分布具有一定特点和规律,18 F-FDG PET显像对于AD的诊断、鉴别诊断与疗效评价有一定意义.     

强迫症患者局部脑血流变化的SPM和ROI分析

目的 用^99Tc^m－双半胱乙酯（ECD）SPECT显像研究强迫症（OCD）患者的局部脑血流（rCBF)变化。方法 受检才为14例OCD患者（OCD组）和23例年龄相匹配的健康志愿者（CN组）。^99Tc^m-ECD脑SPECT显像后，用统计参数地图（SPM）和感兴趣区（ROI）两种方法分析OCD组和CN组的rCBF分布差别（rCBF增高区和降低区）。P值设为0.01。结果 SPM分析显示OCD患者双侧壳核、颞上回和楔前叶，右侧眶回、额上回和额中回，左侧颞枕叶、顶上小叶和小脑蚓部的rCBF降低；同时，左侧额下回和扣带回后部有小范围的rCBF升高。ROI分析显示OCD患者右侧大脑颞前叶、顶颞叶和左侧大脑颞枕叶的脑血流分数明显低于正常大脑的相应皮层（P＜0．01）。基底节的rCBF无明显差异。结论 研究结果支持OCD患者的额纹状体环路病变假说，SPM是分析rCBF变化的有力工具。     

Metabolic imaging of anterior capsular stimulation in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a key role for the subgenual anterior cingulate and ventral striatum.

High-frequency anterior capsular stimulation is a new, promising, and reversible neuromodulatory treatment in the research stage for patients with refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The mechanism of action is unknown but hypothesized to be secondary to interruption of the corticothalamostriatocortical circuit. METHODS: (18)F-FDG PET was performed on 6 consecutive OCD patients preoperatively and after stimulation. The results were compared with those of 20 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers by using both a standardized volume-of-interest-based approach for subcortical areas and statistical parametric mapping. Correlations were investigated with Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale scores (Y-BOCS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores (HAM-D). RESULTS: Chronic anterior capsular electrostimulation resulted in a further decrease of prefrontal metabolic activity, especially in the subgenual anterior cingulate (P < 0.001). Correlation analysis demonstrated that decreases in Y-BOCS and HAM-D with anterior capsular electrostimulation were inversely related to the metabolic activity changes in the left ventral striatum, left amygdala, and left hippocampus (P < 0.01). Preoperative resting metabolic activity in the subgenual anterior cingulate was predictive of therapeutic response (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: These observations provide evidence that the subgenual anterior cingulate and ventral striatum have a key role in the neuronal circuitry involved in the pathophysiology of OCD with associated major depression and in the neuromodulatory mechanism of anterior capsular stimulation.     

PET evidence of neuroplasticity in adult auditory cortex of postlingual deafness.

Controversy regarding functional reorganization in the adult brain remains. To investigate whether neuroplasticity is present in adults with postlingual deafness, we examined the pattern of cerebral glucose metabolism on (18)F-FDG brain PET images of postlingually deaf patients by comparing the auditory cortical activation pattern with those of age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. We also correlated the cerebral glucose metabolism in deaf patients with the duration of deafness using statistical parametric mapping. METHODS: In the resting state (eye closed, ears unoccluded in a dark and quiet environment), (18)F-FDG brain PET scans were performed on 9 postlingually deaf patients and 9 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Significant increases and decreases of regional cerebral metabolism in the patient group were estimated by comparing their PET images with those of the healthy volunteers using t statistics at every voxel. To reveal regions in which metabolism was significantly correlated with the duration of deafness, the general linear model with the duration of deafness as a covariate was tested at each voxel. RESULTS: When we compared (18)F-FDG brain PET images of postlingually deaf patients with those of age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects by performing a t test at every voxel, the glucose metabolism of deaf patients was significantly (P < 0.001) lower than that of the control subjects in both anterior cingulate gyri (Brodmann area 24 [BA24]) and superior temporal cortices (BA41, BA42) and in the right parahippocampal gyrus. No area showed a significant increase of metabolism in deaf patients with the same threshold. When we correlated glucose metabolism of deaf patients with the duration of deafness after total deprivation of hearing capability using a general linear model with the duration of deafness as a covariate at every voxel, metabolism in both anterior cingulate gyri (BA24) and superior temporal cortices (BA41, BA42) showed a significant (P < 0.005) positive correlation with the duration of deafness. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that plasticity is present in adult brains of postlingually deaf patients. In the mature brain, auditory deprivation decreased neuronal activity transiently in primary auditory and auditory-related cortices, and, over time, functional reorganization likely takes place in the auditory cortex. Plasticity was prominent in superior temporal and anterior cingulate gyri in the sensory-deprived mature brain and militated against postimplantation improvement in patients with cochlear implants.     

2型糖尿病患者大脑静息葡萄糖代谢改变研究

目的探讨静息状态下2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者大脑葡萄糖代谢改变特点。方法回顾性分析96例已被临床确诊的T2DM患者的头部18F-FDG PET/CT显像资料。选取96名健康体检者作为对照组。采用统计参数地形图 8软件分析T2DM患者组与对照组PET脑代谢的改变。T2DM患者组与对照组图像采用体素对体素的两独立样本t检验。结果与对照组比较,T2DM患者18F-FDG PET/CT表现为多个脑区的葡萄糖代谢减低（t=5.51~6.42,均P < 0.001）,主要包括双侧额中下回、双侧颞上横回、双侧枕上中舌回、双侧楔前叶、双侧顶下缘角回、距状裂及周围皮层;未见明显代谢增高脑区。结论T2DM患者大脑静息葡萄糖代谢改变以区域性葡萄糖代谢减低为主,且基本呈双侧对称分布,主要涉及的脑区包括情感、认知功能区和视觉皮层区等。     

一氧化碳中毒迟发脑病患者高压氧综合治疗前后脑葡萄糖代谢的变化

目的 观察一氧化碳中毒迟发脑病高压氧综合治疗前后患者脑葡萄糖代谢的变化,探讨高压氧综合治疗的作用.方法 一氧化碳中毒迟发脑病(DNS)患者30例(DNS组),高压氧综合治疗前及治疗40次后分别接受18F标记的脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描(18F-FDG PET)检查,同时对17例年龄匹配的健康体检者(对照组)进行18F-FDG PET检查.记录DNS组与对照组的双侧额叶、顶叶、颞叶、枕叶与同侧小脑单位面积的放射性计数;计算双侧额叶、顶叶、颞叶、枕叶与同侧小脑单位面积放射性计数的比值,以此比值作为PET研究的半定量观察指标.结果 DNS组高压氧综合治疗前双侧的额/小脑、顶/小脑、颞/小脑、枕/1h脑的比值明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);高压氧综合治疗40次后,双侧的顶/小脑、枕/小脑、左侧颞/小脑的比值明显高于治疗前(P＜0.05),双侧的额/小脑及右侧颞/小脑比值较治疗前无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论 DNS患者发病初期脑葡萄糖代谢下降,高压氧综合治疗可提高脑部葡萄糖代谢,改善脑功能.     

18F-FDG PET findings in frontotemporal dementia: an SPM analysis of 29 patients.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common cause of presenile dementia. The aim of the current study was 2-fold: (a) to delineate the brain regions with reduction of glucose metabolism, and (b) to investigate the hemispheric asymmetry of glucose metabolism in FTD using (18)F-FDG PET. METHODS: We compared the regional metabolic patterns on (18)F-FDG PET images obtained from 29 patients with FTD and 11 healthy subjects using a voxel-wise analysis (statistical parametric mapping [SPM]). The hemispheric asymmetry of glucose metabolism was computed based on 2 different measures: one (AI(ROI)) by counting the (18)F-FDG activity of each hemisphere on the normalized and spatially smoothed PET images and the other (AI(SPM)) by counting the number of voxels with significant hypometabolism based on SPM results. RESULTS: Significant hypometabolism was identified in extensive prefrontal areas, cingulate gyri, anterior temporal regions, and the left inferior parietal lobule. Hypometabolism was also found in the bilateral insula and uncus, left putamen and globus pallidus, and medial thalamic structures. Frontal hypometabolism was more prominent in the left hemisphere than in the right. Twenty-six (90%) of the 29 patients with FTD had AI(ROI) values indicating significant lateralization of glucose metabolism; 18 patients had hypometabolism more severe on the left than right side, and only 8 patients had the opposite pattern. Results from AI(SPM) showed similar patterns. CONCLUSION: The voxel-wise analysis of (18)F-FDG PET images of patients with FTD revealed hypometabolism in extensive cortical regions, such as frontal and anterior temporal areas, cingulate gyri, uncus, and insula and subcortical areas, including basal ganglia (putamen and globus pallidus) and medial thalamic regions. The hemispheric asymmetry of hypometabolism (more frequently lateralized to the left) was common in patients with FTD, which may be another metabolic feature that helps to differentiate FTD from Alzheimer's disease or other causes of dementia.     

不同组织学类型肺癌患者大脑静息葡萄糖代谢改变研究

目的 探讨不同组织学类型肺癌患者大脑静息葡萄糖代谢改变特点.方法 回顾性分析100例未经治疗的原发性肺癌患者全身18F-FDG PET/CT检查资料.肺癌组织学类型均经穿刺或手术病理明确,根据不同组织学类型将患者分为腺癌（42例）、鳞癌（37例）、小细胞肺癌（21例）3组.将50名健康体检者作为对照,采用统计参数地形图分析软件分析每组患者PET脑代谢显像资料,采用两样本t检验比较3组患者脑代谢改变的差异.结果 3组患者脑PET显像均表现为区域性大脑静息葡萄糖代谢降低,主要分布在左侧额叶上中回及双侧颞叶上、中、下回,小细胞肺癌组还可见右侧顶下小叶及海马区受累.小细胞肺癌组低代谢脑区面积（体素数3848）大于腺癌组（体素数1436）（t=14.33,P＜0.05）和鳞癌组（体素数1397）（t=10.07,P＜0.05）,腺癌组与鳞癌组之间差异无统计学意义（t=0.764,P＞0.05）.结论 肺癌患者大脑静息葡萄糖代谢改变与其组织学类型有一定相关性.脑代谢降低区多涉及精神情感功能区,PET脑显像有望为肺癌患者出现的精神情感障碍症状提供客观的分子影像学依据和可能的评价指标.     

Variation in FDG uptakes in different regions in normal human brain as a function of the time (30 and 60 minutes) after injection of FDG

OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal was to determine whether FDG uptakes in various regions of the brain are different for early and late scanning time in positron emission tomography (PET). METHOD: F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET was performed on 15 healthy normal subjects to obtain early and late acquisition glucose metabolic images (30 and 60 min after FDG injection), respectively. The two sets of images were compared in a voxel-by-voxel analysis. RESULTS: In the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus, parietal and frontal association cortices, and subcallosal cortices, the FDG uptakes were larger on the late scan image than on the early scan image, and the FDG uptakes were larger in the cerebellar hemisphere, vermis and frontal basis on the early scan image than on the late scan image. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that there are different regional FDG uptakes depending on the scanning time after FDG injection and we must be careful in replacing conventional FDG PET scanning with early scanning in FDG PET study.