早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检术的临床应用

目的探讨应用前哨淋巴结活检（SLNB）技术预测腋窝淋巴结状态的准确性。方法应用同位素示踪法联合亚甲蓝染料示踪法对68名临床腋窝阴性的早期乳腺癌患者行前哨淋巴结活检术,然后行腋窝淋巴结清扫术（ALND）。对照前哨淋巴结情况与腋窝淋巴结状态的关系,分析SLNB的临床意义。结果68例患者中检出前哨淋巴结（SLN）66例,检出率为97．06％,共检出SLN192枚,平均每例2．91枚。66例中,34例SLN阴性患者中,2例为假阴性,假阴性率为5．88％。当SLN阴性时,SLNB预测腋窝淋巴结状态的准确率为94．12％。SLNB检测腋窝淋巴结转移情况的灵敏度为94．12％,特异度为94．12％,SLNB与ALND结果的一致率为77．27％。结论联合应用染料示踪法和同位素示踪法行SLNB具有较高的检出率,SLNB能较准确的预测腋窝淋巴结的转移情况。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检意义初探

目的：探讨开展乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检(Sentinel lymph node biopsy，SLNB)的必要性、可行性、准确性及临床应用价值。方法：对45例临床、B超及钼靶检测腋窝LN阴性的原发乳腺癌患者，术中在原发肿瘤周围注射专利蓝进行腋窝淋巴结切除(SLNB)，随后行腋窝淋巴结清扫(ALND)。术中对部分SLN、术后对全部LN行常规病理检查。结果：45例患者中41例检测到SLN，成功率91．1％；假阴性率为6．66％，SLNB总的敏感性是93．3％，特异性是96．1％；总的阳性和阴性预测值分别是93．3％和96．1％。结论：乳腺癌SLNB是一项有实用价值的新技术，目前国内外仍在研究阶段，随着研究的扩大与深入将有可能取代常规的ALND。     

前哨淋巴结活检在早期乳腺癌中的应用价值

目的：探讨活性染料亚甲蓝检测早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结的可行性及其临床意义。方法：利用亚甲蓝对48例乳腺癌患者进行前哨淋巴结活检（SLNB）并同时行腋窝淋巴结清扫（ALND）,根据病理结果进行评价。结果：SLN检出率为95．8％,SLN对ALN状况预测的敏感度为90．3％,准确率为95．7％,假阴性为6．5％,假阳性为0。结论：前哨淋巴结活检能比较准确地反映早期乳腺癌的腋窝淋巴结转移情况,可为SLN阴性的患者“保腋窝”提供依据。     

前哨淋巴结活检在早期乳腺癌中的应用价值

目的:探讨活性染料亚甲蓝检测早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结的可行性及其临床意义.方法:利用亚甲蓝对48例乳腺癌患者进行前哨淋巴结活检(SLNB)并同时行腋窝淋巴结清扫(ALND),根据病理结果进行评价.结果:SLN检出率为95.8% ,SLN对ALN状况预测的敏感度为 90.3%,准确率为95.7%,假阴性为6.5%,假阳性为0.结论:前哨淋巴结活检能比较准确地反映早期乳腺癌的腋窝淋巴结转移情况,可为SLN阴性的患者"保腋窝"提供依据.     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检40例报告

目的：通过对乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(SLN)活检，探讨其对腋淋巴结转移情况预测的准确性。方法：采用亚甲蓝染料法对40例乳腺癌行腋窝蓝染淋巴结活检，后行常规腋窝淋巴结清除(ALND)，两标本均送病理检查。结果：全组40例患者检出SLN 38例，2例未找到SLN，检出率为95％(38／40)，有8例SLN为阳性，1例SLN为假阴性，腋窝淋巴结(ALN)有9例转移，SLN与ALN病理检查完全符合者37例，准确率为92．5％(37／38)；灵敏度为88．9％(8／9)；假阴性率为11．1％(1／9)。结论：亚甲蓝染色法能准确地鉴别SLN及预测乳腺痛腋窝淋巴结状态。     

早期乳腺癌中前哨淋巴结导航的淋巴结群切除的价值

[目的]比较腋窝前哨淋巴结（SLN）导航的淋巴结群切除与单纯前哨淋巴结活检（SLNB）的优劣,探讨其作为早期乳腺癌外科腋窝处理手段的可行性及临床意义。[方法]2003年10月至2009年5月．连续入组305例早期乳腺癌手术病例,术中序贯施行腋窝SLNB、SLN所在淋巴结群切除及全腋窝淋巴结清扫（ALND）,比较SLNB与SLN导航的淋巴结群切除活检预测腋淋巴结状态的差异并分析影响淋巴结状态的因素。[结果]SLNB成功率为99.34％（303／305）。SLNB假阴性10例,SLNB预测淋巴结状态假阴性率为9．80％（10／102）、敏感性90．20％（92／102）、准确性96．70％（293,303）、阴性似然比0．098。SLN导航的淋巴结群切除活检预测腋淋巴结状态的假阴性率为1．96％（2／102）、敏感性98．04％（100／102）、准确性99．34％（301／303）、阴性似然比0．020。淋巴结状态与肿瘤大小、脉管浸润、组织学分级及Her-2状态相关（P〈0．05）。[结论]以腋窝SLN导航的淋巴结群切除替代ALND治疗早期乳腺癌较单纯SLNB更具安全性及应用价值。结合肿瘤大小、脉管浸润、组织学分级及Her-2状态有助于更准确地指导腋窝淋巴结处理方式.     

前哨淋巴结活检术在早期乳腺癌保腋窝治疗中的应用

目的：探讨乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检术（sentonel lymph node biopsy,SLNB）对SLN阴性者进行保腋窝的可行性。方法：联合应用专利蓝（patent blue-v）和^99mTc标记的硫胶体（^99mTc-Sulphur colloid,^99mTc-Sc）行乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检术。对SLN阴性并同意保腋窝者免除腋窝淋巴结清扫（axillary lymph node dissection,ALND）,对SLN阳性或虽SLN阴性但不同意保腋窝者仍行ALND。结果：2002年3月～2006年3月入组临床分期T1～2N0M0乳腺癌患者135例,均行SLNB。SLN阳性44例,其中42例行ALND,2例镜下有微小转移灶者仅行SLNB术后加腋窝淋巴结区域放疗;SLN阴性91例（67.4%）,其中的39例仅行SLNB,52例仍行ALND。全组SLNB准确率97.8%（132/135）,假阴性率6.8%（3/44）。全组中位随访43个月（24～72个月）,SLNB保腋窝者术后并发症明显低于ALND者（P〈0.05）,区域淋巴结无复发,ALND者区域淋巴结亦无复发。结论：SLNB保腋窝近期疗效满意具有良好的微创效果。     

国产亚甲蓝标记乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检64例分析

[目的]评估乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检（SLNB）对预测腋窝淋巴结转移状态的价值。[方法]64例临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ期原发女性乳腺癌，体检无腋淋巴结肿大或虽有肿大而估计非转移性，术中在原发肿瘤周围注射亚甲蓝示踪定位，进行SLNB和腋淋巴结清扫（ALND）。术后对全部前哨淋巴结（SLN）和腋淋巴结（ALN）行常规病理检查。[结果]64例中检出SLN者53例，检出率为82．8％。其中Nn组腋窝淋巴结预测准确度为91.4％，阳性预测符合率100％（5／5）；无假阴性，阴性预测符合率100％（30／30）。N1组准确度仅72．2％（13／18）。腋窝淋巴结肿大不影响SLNB成功率，但降低SLN预测ALN准确度；肿块切检后行SLNB可降低成功率；注射亚甲蓝后60min内解剖SLN不影响SLNB成功率。[结论]在肿块切检前注射亚甲蓝示踪定位，SLNB成功率高，能准确预测（T1，T2）N0M0乳腺癌患者的转移状态。     

染料法前哨淋巴结活检在乳腺癌手术中的应用价值

目的探讨前哨淋巴结活检（SLNB）在乳腺癌手术中的临床应用价值。方法采用亚甲蓝作为示踪染料对乳腺癌开展SLNB，并且对术中冰冻检查前哨淋巴结（SLN）阴性的病例分组施行部分腋窝淋巴结清扫术（PALND）及常规全腋窝淋巴结清扫（TALND），观察术后并发症、生存率等指标并比较分析。结果SLN检出率97．6％，假阴性率14．3％；接受PALND组术后并发症发生率明显低于传统的TALND组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而总生存率间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论腋区SLNB能准确反映乳腺癌腋窝淋巴转移状态，为临床缩小乳腺癌手术范围和减少术后并发症提供重要参考价值。     

简化腋窝淋巴结清扫术在早期乳腺癌治疗中的应用

目的探讨简化腋窝淋巴结清扫术(axillary lymph node dissection,ALND)在乳腺癌手术中的应用及效果。方法分析2009年1月至2013年6月间行前哨淋巴结活检(sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB)327例乳腺癌患者的临床资料,行亚甲蓝染色法SLNB后根据前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)冰冻病理结果,对SLN阳性者行规范的ALND,SLN阴性则行简化的ALND(只清扫LevelⅠ),比较两组在手术时间、术后住院时间、腋窝引流时间及术后并发症的差异。结果 327例患者中,314例成功进行了SLNB,119例SLN阳性者行标准的ALND,195例SLN阴性者行简化的ALND,11例SLN阴性患者出现LevelⅠ组织淋巴结转移;简化组手术时间、术后住院时间、腋窝引流时间明显缩短,术后腋窝积液、肌力减退、活动受限、疼痛、麻木、肿胀等并发症明显减少。术后随访3~60个月,患者无腋窝淋巴结复发及远处转移。结论蓝染法SLNB是乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结转移状态的重要检测技术,对SLN阴性行简化的ALND,可节省医疗资源、减少术后并发症。     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检的临床意义

目的探讨新辅助化疗后乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的可行性。方法对57例行^99Tc联合亚甲蓝示踪前哨淋巴结活检术和腋窝淋巴结清扫术乳腺癌患者的资料进行分析,其中31例ⅡB、Ⅲ期患者先行2～3个疗程新辅助化疗后再行前哨淋巴结活检及腋窝淋巴结清扫术,另26例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者直接行前哨淋巴结活检及腋窝淋巴结清扫术。结果新辅助化疗组和非新辅助化疗组平均腋窝淋巴结数、前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph node,SLN）数、SLN检出率、SLN假阴性率均无显著差异（P均〉0．05）。新辅助化疗纽化疗前临床分期在N2以上者,SLN检出率均显著下降（P〈0．05）。结论新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检能准确预测腋窝淋巴结的状况。化疗前的N分期是SLNB检出率的影响因素。     

核素淋巴显像识别前哨淋巴结在乳腺癌治疗中的应用

目的评价核素淋巴显像和γ探针定位在乳腺癌中确定前哨淋巴结(SLN)的应用价值,验证前哨淋巴结活检替代腋窝淋巴结清除术用于乳腺癌治疗的安全性与价值。方法选择1999年6月至2009年11月本院住院的女性乳腺癌患者206例(体检时腋窝均未扪及肿块),应用99Tcm-DX37～74 MBq或99Tcm-SC74 MBq经皮下注射,行核素淋巴显像后,术中注射专利兰1 ml和(或)术中用γ探针定位并行前哨淋巴结活检,与术中冰冻病理检查结果对照。若术中冰冻发现有前哨淋巴结转移,则行腋窝淋巴结清除术,若前哨淋巴结阴性,则不做腋窝淋巴结清除,术后定期随访。结果 206例乳腺癌术中成功活检SLN204例,成功率为99.0%(204/206)。本组有64例仅行SLN切除,术后病理检查证实64例SLN均阴性,故未行腋窝淋巴结清除,其中仅1例于术后1年时出现腋窝淋巴结转移,其余63例患者在随访期间均未发现腋窝淋巴结转移,也未出现同侧上肢水肿、感觉及活动异常;另140例行腋窝淋巴结清除,其中6例经病理证实SLN阳性但腋窝淋巴结为阴性,134例经病理证实SLN阳性35例,阴性99例,腋窝淋巴结阳性37例,阴性97例。核素淋巴显像和γ探针定位法的灵敏度为94.6%(35/37例),准确率为98.5%(138/140),假阴性为5.4%(2/37)。结论核素淋巴显像和γ探针定位应用于乳腺癌是切实可行和可能的,对预测腋窝淋巴结转移有很大的临床实用价值。如技术方法规范,早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检则能取代常规的腋窝淋巴结清除术,乳腺癌手术上肢并发症的发生率可大大降低。     

The sentinel node biopsy after previous breast surgery: preliminary results on 543 patients treated at the European Institute of Oncology

Background. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an accurate alternative to complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in clinically node-negative breast cancer patients. A previous breast biopsy has been considered a relative contraindication to SLNB. We examined the accuracy of SLNB by following the axillary relapses after the procedure in patients who had undergone a breast biopsy before SLNB.Patients and Methods. Up to December 2003, 4351 patients with the diagnosis of invasive breast cancer underwent SLNB at the European Institute of Oncology. Already, 543 of these patients had undergone a breast biopsy; from June 1997 to January 2004, these patients received SLNB by lymphoscintigraphy performed on the biopsy area. We followed these patients with a clinical assessment every 6 months and instrumental examinations every year, particularly focusing on the research of axillary relapse of disease.Results. In 70.4% of cases, the sentinel node was negative, and only three cases underwent further axillary dissection. The sentinel node was identified in 99% of cases and this was the only positive node in 61.5% of cases with positive axillary nodes. The median follow-up was 2 years; 4 nodal recurrences were observed: 3 axillary lymph node relapses and 1 loco-regional.Conclusions. SLNB accuracy after a previous breast biopsy is comparable with the results obtained in validation studies. SLNB after a previous breast biopsy can be considered a standard procedure. Lymphoscintigraphy identifies the sentinel node in 99% of patients.     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的可行性及临床应用价值

目的 探讨前哨淋巴结(sentinel Iymph node,SLN)定位和活检(SLNB)的可行性及其对预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结(axillary lymph node,ALN)转移的准确性。方法 对52例临床查体及B超检测ALN阴性的乳腺癌患者,术中在肿瘤周围注射亚甲蓝进行SLN定位和活检。对常规病理检查阴性的SLN再行免疫组化检测。结果 SLNB的检出成功率为92.3％(48/52),准确率为97.9％,假阴性率为4.8％,敏感度为95.2％,特异度为100％。SLN是惟一被证实有肿瘤转移的淋巴结者占66.7％(14/21)。免疫组化检测使SLN肿瘤转移的阳性率提高了4.1％。结论乳腺癌SLNB技术是可行的,应用亚甲蓝淋巴定位方法进行的SLNB可以准确预测临床及B超检查ALN阴性的乳腺癌患者的ALN转     

前哨淋巴结活检对乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移状况的预测价值

目的探讨前哨淋巴结活检(SLNB)对乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移状况的预测价值。方法以36例体检无腋窝淋巴结转移的乳腺癌患者为研究对象，用美蓝皮下注射染色法定位前哨淋巴结(SLY)，行SLNB，以病理检查结果计算SLNB的成功率及假阴性率、假阳性率、准确性、灵敏度、特异度、阳性符合率、阴性符合率、阳性结果预测值、阴性结果预测值。结果36例患者行SLNB，成功率为97．2％，灵敏度为92．9％。特异度为100％，假阴性率为7．7％，假阳性率为O％，准确率为95．8％，阳性符合率为92．3％；阴性符合率为95．7％，阳性结果预测值为100％，阴性结果预测值为93．9％。结论美蓝皮下注射染色法行SLNB有很高的成功率，SLNB能够准确地预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移状况。     

前哨淋巴结活检在乳腺癌中的应用

Objective： To discuss if the sentinel lymph node （SLN） biopsy is able to reflect the status of the axillary lymph node and the application of this technic in clinic. Methods： Using^ 99mTc-signed dextran, SLN-biopsy （SLNB） was carried out in 182 cases with breast cancer during May 1999 to September 2006. During the operation, y-detector was used for orientation. After the SLNB, a modified radical mastectomy or breast conserving surgery were carried out to the patients, then a particular separate pathological examination of the SLN was made. Results： 178 cases of SLNB were carried out successfully, and the success rate was 97.8%, the out-checked SLN of each case ranged from 1 to 4, with an average of 2.5. All SLN was located at the first level of axilla, sensitivity of the SLN B was 93.4%, specificity was 100%, false negative rate was 6.6%, false positive rate was 0, accuracy was 97.8%, positive predictive value was 100.0%, negative predictive value was 96.7%, and Youden＇s index was 0.934. Immunohistochemical examination was carried out in 59 cases of SLN, and 14 cases showed the existences of micro-metastasis, however, metastasis had not been found in non-SLN of these cases. Conclusion： SLN is able to reflect the metastasis of the axillary lymph node, and this can suggest the necessity of the axillary dissection in clinic. The SLNB using the isotope-tracer technic is simple and accurate.     

前哨淋巴结活检术在早期乳腺癌保乳术中的应用

目的探讨前哨淋巴结活检术（sentinellymph node biopsy,SLNB）在早期乳腺癌保乳术中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析56例pT1.2N0M0期乳腺癌行保乳术＋前哨淋巴结活检术的临床资料。56例SLN阴性,未行腋窝淋巴结清扫术（axillary lymph node dissection,ALND）。术后辅以化疗、放疗,激素受体阳性患者行内分泌治疗。结果56例成功施行保乳手术,保乳术后双乳对称。SLNB替代ALND者各项术后并发症少。中位随访时间36个月（1～72个月）,1例发现局部复发,行乳腺癌改良根治术时发现腋窝淋巴结转移;1例发现腋窝淋巴结复发转移。结论SLNB可以缩小手术范围,减少术后并发症,保留腋窝形态,提高保乳质量。     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an accurate method for axillary staging in patients with early breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and the feasibility of SLNB in breast cancer patients who had received preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy. METHODS: Patients with advanced breast cancer stage II or III who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included in the study. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification and biopsy was attempted and performed, and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was performed in the same surgical procedure after SLNB. The histopathologic examination of the SLNs and the dissected axillary lymph nodes was performed and nodal status was compared. RESULTS: Thirty patients were included in the study. After peritumoural injection of technetium-99m labelled human albumin and subareolar subcutaneous injection of blue dye, the SLNs could be identified in 26/30 patients (identification rate 86.7%). In 4/30 patients (13.3%) SLNs could not be identified. In 25/26 patients (96.2%) SLNs accurately predicted the axillary status. Eleven patients had negative SLNs and negative nodes in ALND. Six patients had positive SLNs and positive nodes in ALND. In eight patients SLNs only were positive and nodes in ALND were negative. One patient had a false-negative SLNB, calculating a false-negative rate of 6.7% (1/15). CONCLUSIONS: SLNB is a well introduced technique for axillary staging in patients with early breast cancer. The accuracy of SLNB after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is similar to patients with primary surgery. SLNB could be an alternative to ALND in a subgroup of patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and therefore could reduce morbidity due to surgery in those patients. Due to small numbers of patients, further evaluation in this subset of patients is required.