绝经后女性的体成分与年龄和绝经的关系及其对不同部位骨密度的影响

目的 调查绝经后女性的体成分与年龄、绝经年龄、绝经年限和腰椎、髋部BMD之间的关系.方法 用双能X线骨密度仪测量919例绝经后女性的体成分、正位腰椎和髋部BMD.结果 下身脂肪量、全身脂肪量和全身瘦组织量与年龄、绝经年龄和绝经年限都相关(P＜0.05～0.01),但只有绝经年限进入体成分的多元逐步回归方程,采用复合或三次回归模型拟合优度最佳.体成分随绝经年限的延长有下降趋势.绝经10年以上女性的下身脂肪量和全身瘦组织量显著减少,分别较绝经年限5年以内女性下降8.6%和3.1%.所有部位的体成分与所测区域的BMD 均呈正相关(P＜0.05～0.01),控制体重变量后,仅有全身脂肪量与腰椎BMD 呈正相关(P＜0.05),而全身瘦组织量与髋部BMD 呈正相关(P＜0.05).多元逐步回归分析发现体成分是影响腰椎和髋部BMD的一个重要因素,但对腰椎BMD影响最大的是全身脂肪量,而对髋部BMD影响最大的是全身瘦组织量.BMD 越低者,全身脂肪量和全身瘦组织量也越低,组间比较有显著性差异.结论 绝经后女性的体成分与年龄、绝经年龄、绝经年限和腰椎、髋部BMD相关,其中,绝经年限对体成分的影响最大,体成分组分对BMD的影响存在部位差异.     

绝经后骨质疏松症妇女血清痩素水平与骨密度的关系

目的 观察绝经后骨质疏松症妇女血清瘦素水平与骨密度(BMD)、骨矿含量(BMC)的相关性。方法 ELISA法检测32名绝经后骨质疏松症妇女(绝经组)和27名体重指数(BMI)相匹配的非绝经正常对照者(非绝经组)的空腹血清瘦素浓度,双能X线骨密度仪测定受试者腰椎BMD、BMC、T值、Z值。结果 绝经组和非绝经组的血清瘦素浓度分别为12.43±7.90ng/ml和11.76±4.42ng/ml,两组之间无差异;两组血清瘦素浓度均与体重、BMI和脂肪含量(Fat％)显著正相关,绝经组的瘦素水平与BMD及BMC无相关性,非绝经组瘦素浓度与BMDIL3和BMCL5相关(r=0.132,P<0.05;r=0.140,P<0.05),但调整BMI后瘦素浓度与BMD及BMC:的相关性消失(r=0.079,P>0.05;r=0.067,P>0.05)。结论成年妇女瘦素水平与体重、体脂及脂肪含量显著相关,瘦素不是绝经后妇女骨质疏松症的主要影响因素。     

绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨硬化蛋白、PINP、CTX与骨密度相关性研究

目的比较绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨质疏松组、低骨量组、骨量正常组血清骨硬化蛋白(sclerostin,SO)水平,探讨SO与Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端(N端)前肽(procollagen typeⅠN-terminal propetide,PINP)、Ⅰ型胶原C端肽(typeⅠcollagen carboxyterminal peptide,CTX)、骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)的关系。方法比较绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨质疏松症组、低骨量组、骨量正常组3组间年龄、绝经年限、糖尿病病程、体重指数、股骨颈及平均腰椎BMD、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、25-(OH)D3、SO、PINP、CTX各指标的差异,并做SO与上述指标的单因素相关性分析和多元线性回归分析。结果 (1)骨质疏松症组年龄、绝经年限显著高于低骨量组、骨量正常组(P均=0.000),低骨量组明显高于骨量正常组(P=0.009、0.002);(2)绝经后2型糖尿病患者中25-(OH)D3缺乏113例(90.4%);(3)骨质疏松症组SO、PINP水平显著高于低骨量组、骨量正常组(P=0.000),低骨量组SO水平明显高于骨量正常组(P=0.045);(4)SO与PINP、年龄、绝经年限正相关(r=0.978、0.194、0.205),与股骨颈BMD、平均腰椎BMD、体重指数负相关(r=-0.518、-0.349、-0.249),多元线性回归分析显示SO与PINP呈正相关(β=7.015,P=0.000)、与股骨颈BMD呈负相关(β=-11.245,P=0.023)。结论 (1)绝经后2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松者SO水平明显增高,与PINP水平呈显著正相关,与股骨颈BMD呈显著负相关;(2)25(OH)D3在绝经后2型糖尿病患者中普遍缺乏。     

血清胃饥饿素、脂肪因子与膝骨关节炎患者骨密度的相关性研究

目的探讨血清胃饥饿素、脂肪因子水平与膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis)患者骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)之间的相关性。方法本研究选取了164例有症状的膝骨关节炎患者和100位健康人群(对照组)。使用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测量受试者血清胃饥饿素、脂联素和抵抗素水平。通过双能X线吸收测定法(DXA)测量受试者全身、腰椎、髋部和股骨的BMD。结果膝骨关节炎受试者的全身、腰椎、髋关节、股骨的BMD水平低于对照组(P均<0.05);但脂联素及胃饥饿素水平明显高于对照组(P均<0.05);在单因素分析中,血清胃饥饿素水平与所测量各个部位的骨密度之间有显著的负相关性(P<0.05);脂联素与股骨干骨密度和总股骨骨密度呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。进一步调整年龄、性别、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)和骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)后,胃饥饿素水平与各个部位的骨密度之间仍然存在显著负相关(P<0.05);脂联素与股骨干、股骨的骨密度之间有显著的相关性(P<0.05)。而血清抵抗素与各部位骨密度在混杂因素调整前后未发现显著相关性。结论血清胃饥饿素和脂联素水平与BMD呈显著负相关,提示胃饥饿素和脂联素对膝骨关节炎患者BMD有潜在的不利影响。     

中国围绝经期妇女体脂含量与骨密度关系的初步研究

目的探讨肌肉、脂肪含量与围绝经期骨质疏松妇女骨密度之间的关系。方法利用双能X线骨密度测量仪(美国,Hologic DiscoveryA型)测量门诊围绝经期妇女(90例,年龄:45~52岁(47.3±8.2))骨密度与体脂含量;同时测量登记受试者的年龄、身高、体重。结果结果显示,21%受试者腰椎和股骨骨量降低,全身脂肪含量(20675.129±5080.44)g与腰椎骨密度(0.91±0.177)g/cm2(P>0.05,r=-0.17)和髋部骨密度(0.99±0.102)g/cm2(P>0.05,r=0.158)没有相关性,肌肉含量(39790.80±6551.54)g与腰椎骨密度没有相关性(P>0.05,r=0.078),但是与髋部骨密度高度正相关(P<0.05,r=0.216)。体重(63.01±9.39)kg和腰椎(P<0.05,r=0.217)和髋部(P<0.05,r=0.305)骨密度高度正相关;BMI指数(24.6751±3.45637)与腰椎(P<0.05,r=0.244)和髋部(P<0.01,r=0.339)骨密度高度正相关。结论研究结果表明BMI指数和肌肉含量与围绝经期妇女髋部骨密度高度相关。     

绝经后妇女血清鸢尾素与骨密度和骨代谢的相关性研究

目的观察绝经后女性血清鸢尾素与骨密度和骨代谢的相关性。方法选取年龄大于45岁的绝经后女性作为研究对象,按照其绝经时间的长短分为绝经后早期组(绝经后10年内)和绝经后晚期组(绝经后10年以上);获取所有受试者的一般临床资料、血清学指标和骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD);使用ELISA试剂盒检测受试者血清鸢尾素和骨代谢指标;使用统计软件分析之间的相关性。结果 P1NP和β-CTX结果提示,患有骨质疏松症受试者的骨转换速度显著提高(P0. 05);高BMD的受试者年龄较大(P0. 05);此外,BMD高的受试者其体重和身高均高于BMD低的受试者。在具有高BMD的受试者中观察到了更高水平的血糖(P0. 05)。BMD较高的受试者,其鸢尾素水平也较高(P0. 05)。然而,在BMD不同的受试者中没有观察到总胆固醇和甘油三酯之间的差异(P0. 05)。据Spearman相关分析显示,血清鸢尾素水平与BMD和P1NP、β-CTX水平呈正相关,但与甘油三酯、血糖和总胆固醇不相关。结论绝经后妇女血清鸢尾素与骨密度和P1NP、β-CTX水平呈正相关。     

IL-33与绝经后骨质疏松女性骨密度和骨代谢指标相关性研究

目的 探索血清白细胞介素-33(IL-33)与绝经后骨质疏松女性骨密度和骨代谢指标相关性。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法测定50例绝经后骨质疏松患者和50例正常绝经后妇女血清IL-33水平。采用双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)测量患者和对照组的骨密度(BMD)。检测维生素D、钙、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平,以及1型胶原C末端肽(CTX)和1型前胶原N端前肽(P1NP)等骨转换指标。结果 在绝经后骨质疏松症女性中,IL-33水平显著低于健康对照组[(3.53±2.45) pg/mL vs (13.72±5.39) pg/mL,P=0.007];Spearman相关分析表明血清IL-33水平与年龄、BMI、PTH、CTX和P1NP水平呈负相关,与腰椎BMD和股骨颈BMD呈正相关。多元回归分析表明,年龄、BMI、腰椎BMD、PTH、股骨颈BMD和血清CTX和P1NP水平是骨质疏松症患者血清IL-33水平降低的独立预测因子。结论 血清IL-33降低是绝经后骨质疏松患者股骨颈和腰椎骨密度降低和骨转换增速的危险因素。     

绝经后女性血清硒水平与骨质疏松骨密度和骨代谢指标相关性研究

目的探索血清硒水平与绝经后妇女骨代谢指标以及腰椎和髋部骨密度之间相关性。方法检测156例正常骨密度和162例骨质疏松症的血清硒、25-羟基维生素D、PTH、骨钙素、PINP、CTX和NTX/Cr等指标水平。腰椎和股骨颈的BMD通过双能X线吸收法测量。探索了血清硒水平与骨密度的关系。结果骨质疏松症女性的血清硒水平低于正常骨密度的女性(P0.05)。在骨质疏松症妇女中,血清硒水平与年龄、绝经年限、BMI、PTH、骨钙素、PINP、CTX和NTX/Cr水平呈负相关,与25-羟基维生素D水平呈正相关。在正常骨密度组,血清硒水平与这些参数均未发现明显的相关性。调整年龄和BMI后,腰椎和股骨颈骨密度与血清硒及25-羟基维生素D水平呈显著正相关,与绝经年限、PTH、骨钙素、PINP、CTX和NTX/Cr呈负相关。对年龄和BMI进行调整后,进行多元回归分析以确定BMD的预测因子,血清硒和PINP、CTX是腰椎和股骨颈骨密度的显著预测因子。结论绝经后女性患者血清硒水平降低与腰椎和股骨颈骨密度降低密切有关。     

血清视黄醇与绝经后妇女骨密度和骨代谢指标的相关 性研究

目的探讨血清视黄醇水平与绝经后妇女骨密度和骨代谢指标的相关性。方法对154例绝经后骨质疏松症妇女( 55岁)进行横断面研究,采用双能X线骨密度仪检测所有患者的骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD),同时检测患者的血清视黄醇、骨钙素、甲状旁腺素、碱性磷酸酶、钙和磷的水平,分析其相关性。结果 Spearman分析显示患者视黄醇水平与腰椎BMD (r=-0.161,P0.05)、股骨颈BMD (r=-0.181,P0.05)、碱性磷酸酶(r=0.109;P0.05)、磷(r=-0.109;P0.05)及生育时限(r=0.157;P0.05)呈正相关。经过多变量调整后,仍然发现血清视黄醇与腰椎(r=-0.209;P0.05)和股骨颈(r=-0.324,P0.05)的BMD呈负相关。结论血清视黄醇水平升高与低骨量的风险增加有关,因此,维生素A可能是骨质疏松症的危险因素之一。     

血清FGF-23和Klotho蛋白水平与尿毒症患者骨密度的相关性研究

目的分析尿毒症维持性血液透析(MHD)患者血清成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF-23)和Klotho蛋白水平与骨密度(BMD)的相关性。方法 2017年1月至2018年6月,我院收治了130例MHD患者。双能X线骨密度仪用于检查MHD患者股骨颈和腰椎的BMD。将患者分为3组:正常骨量组,骨量减少组和骨质疏松组。进行ELISA以测量血清FGF-23,Klotho蛋白和1,25(OH)_2D_3水平。还测量了其他参数,包括钙(Ca),磷(P)和甲状旁腺激素。结果 130例MHD患者中,49.60%的患者合并骨质疏松症,32.80%的患者出现骨量减少。骨质疏松症组血清FGF-23水平最高。然而,根据BMD分组,3组血清FGF-23水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Spearman相关分析还指出血清FGF-23水平与BMD之间缺乏相关性。骨质疏松组血清Klotho蛋白水平明显低于正常骨量组和骨量减少组(P0.05)。血清Klotho蛋白水平与股骨颈和腰椎的BMD和T值呈正相关。多元线性回归分析结果显示,血清Klotho蛋白水平是影响MHD患者BMD的主要因素之一。结论血清FGF-23水平与MHD患者BMD变化无关,而血清Klotho蛋白水平与BMD变化密切相关。     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.     

Tendon and Ligament Healing and Current Approaches to Tendon and Ligament Regeneration

Ligament and tendon injuries are common problems in orthopedics. There is a need for treatments that can expedite nonoperative healing or improve the efficacy of surgical repair or reconstruction of ligaments and tendons. Successful biologically-based attempts at repair and reconstruction would require a thorough understanding of normal tendon and ligament healing. The inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases, and the cells involved in tendon and ligament healing will be reviewed. Then, current research efforts focusing on biologically-based treatments of ligament and tendon injuries will be summarized, with a focus on stem cells endogenous to tendons and ligaments. Statement of clinical significance: This paper details mechanisms of ligament and tendon healing, as well as attempts to apply stem cells to ligament and tendon healing. Understanding of these topics could lead to more efficacious therapies to treat ligament and tendon injuries. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:7–12, 2020