大学生蠕形螨感染调查

蠕形螨是人群中感染较普遍的一类永久性寄生螨,寄生于人和哺乳动物的毛囊和皮脂腺内,寄生人体的有毛囊蠕形螨和皮脂蠕形螨。酒糟鼻、毛囊炎、痤疮、脂溢性皮炎和睑缘炎等与蠕形螨的感染有关。为了解大学生蠕形螨感染状况,于2000-2002年对本校大学生进行了蠕形螨感染调查,现报告如下。     

大学生外耳道蠕形螨感染情况调查

蠕形螨俗称毛囊虫，寄生于人体的有2种，即毛囊蠕形螨和皮脂蠕形螨，是一类永久性寄生螨，寄生在毛囊和皮脂腺内，可构成相应部位的病变，如酒渣鼻、痤疮、毛囊虫性皮炎等，有关蠕形螨寄生在外耳道的情况，以及与外耳、中耳疾病的关系目前报道不多。为了解外耳道蠕形螨感染及分布情况，为防治工作提供依据，对在校大学生外耳道蠕形螨感染情况作了初步调查。     

人体蠕形螨病及其防治

人体蠕形螨是一种小型寄生虫，有毛囊蠕形螨和皮脂蠕形螨2种，寄生于人体可引起睑缘炎、酒渣鼻、外耳道瘙痒症等蠕形螨病，给人们的面容及身心健康造成很大的影响。该文综述了人体蠕形螨的生物学特性、感染致病性，并介绍一些防治蠕形螨病的方法。     

中学生蠕形螨感染情况调查

蠕形螨是寄生在人及其它哺乳动物毛囊和皮脂腺内的一类永久性寄生螨类，多寄生于颜面部，如鼻前额、颏部等皮脂腺发达的部位，引起蠕形螨病。寄生于人体的主要有毛囊蠕形螨和皮脂蠕形螨，以前者为多见。健康人可因与患者密切接触或共用毛巾等被感染。为了解青少年蠕形螨感染情况，作者等对在校中学生进行了调查。     

我国人体蠕形螨病治疗研究概况

人体蠕形螨病由毛囊蠕形螨和皮脂蠕形螨感染引起,感染部位以面部、鼻、颊、额多见。中、西药均可用于治疗人体蠕形螨病,用生物制剂治疗蠕形螨病也有一定效果。本文对我国人体蠕形螨病治疗研究概况进行了综述。     

三种类型酒渣鼻病与蠕形螨寄生的关系

目的：了解３型酒渣鼻病与人体蠕形螨感染的关系。方法：观察酒渣鼻病人的临床表现和进行有关实验室检查。结果：根据酒渣鼻病的临床表现，将４９０例酒渣鼻病分成皮炎型、痤疮型和鼻赘型３种类型，其蠕形螨感染率分别为８９．３％、５８．７％和３６．４％，前两型蠕形螨感染率显著高于正常人组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：皮炎型酒渣鼻病的主要病因是蠕形螨的感染，另两型酒渣鼻病的发病与人体蠕形螨感染也有关。     

人体蠕形螨寄生与酒渣鼻病理组织变化之间关系的研究

本文根据21例三种类型酒渣鼻病理组织学的观察,研究了人体蠕形螨与其所寄生组织病变的关系。 在扩大的毛囊和增生的皮脂腺中发现大量蠕形螨,其周围有不同程度炎症反应,结果表明两种人体蠕形螨感染与三种类型酒渣鼻的病理变化有密切关系。提示人体蠕形螨是有致病性的,毛囊蠕形螨可能是皮炎型酒渣鼻的主要病因,两种人体蠕形螨感染与痤疮型和肥大型酒渣鼻病因有关,这为临床上诊断和治疗酒渣鼻提供了依据。     

779名学生人体蠕形螨感染的调查

蠕形螨是一类永久性寄生小型螨类。因其种类不同而寄生于不同宿主体内。目前 ,发现与人类关系密切永久寄生于人体的蠕形螨有毛囊蠕形螨 (Demodex follcuzorum,Df)和皮脂蠕形螨 (Demodex brevis,Db)。主要寄生在人体皮肤的皮脂腺与毛囊 ,人体蠕形螨感染具有高感染、低致病性、条件致病性等特点。当蠕形螨寄生部位皮脂腺排泄通道受阻 ,虫体分泌物、代谢产物等不易排出 ,对宿主造成机械性与化学性损害。如果合并继发细菌感染则可引起痤疮、脂溢性皮炎和酒糟鼻等病症 [1 ]。为了解从化市中、小学生人体蠕形螨感染状况 ,笔者等于 1998年11月～ …     

人体蠕形螨生物学研究现状

有关人体蠕形螨生物学方面的研究越来越受到研究者的重视。本文就蠕形螨的检螨方法、成虫形态学、生活习性、体外存活与死亡等生物学方面的研究现状作一综述。     

人体蠕形螨感染的中药治疗

人体蠕形螨是一类小型永久性专性寄生螨，可引起人体蠕形螨病。目前西医治疗药物较多，疗效确切，但因存在不同程度的不良反应，安全性较差，有一定的局限性；而中药治疗具有安全、不良反应少等优点而备受关注。本文就蠕形螨感染的中药治疗予以综述，以求对蠕形螨病的治疗提供依据。     

不同人群人体蠕形螨感染情况调查

目的调查不同人群人体蠕形螨的感染情况,探讨其与职业、性别、地域等的关系。方法采用略加改进的透明胶纸法。结果共检查583人,阳性率30.53%（178/583）。学生中阳性率随年级及年龄的增高而上升,其中小学与高中之间差异显著;不同职业中,银行职员与饮食服务人员阳性率最高,但不同职业之间、性别之间、城乡之间差异无显著性。感染者中以混合感染居多,感染部位以鼻尖鼻翼部、鼻唇沟部阳性率最高,感染度以轻度感染为主。患有痤疮、酒渣鼻、毛囊炎等皮肤疾病者与正常者阳性率差异有显著性（χ2=106.15,P〈0.05）。结论不同人群感染人体蠕形螨较为普遍,但在职业、性别、地域上的差异无显著性,以轻度感染为主,鼻部感染居多。其阳性率高低与年龄、个人生活习惯及面部皮肤有无疾患关系密切。     

面部皮肤病患者蠕形螨感染情况调查

目的　了解面部皮肤病患者蠕形螨感染情况。　方法　采用挤粘结合法对大连市 373名面部皮肤病患者进行蠕形螨感染调查。　结果　总感染率为 89.81% ,男女感染率和感染度间差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;男女皮肤病患者均以蠕形螨重度感染多见 ;毛囊蠕形螨为优势螨种 ;蠕形螨面部寄生部位排序为鼻、额、下颌、颊部 ;不同职业间蠕形螨感染差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ,以学生感染率最低 ,为 6 4 .10 % ,工人、服务行业从业人员感染率最高 ,分别为 98.5 3%和97.18%。　结论　面部常见皮肤病与蠕形螨感染关系密切。     

大学生蠕形螨感染状况调查

采用透明胶纸粘贴法对济宁医学院1 598名大学生面部蠕形螨感染情况进行了调查,总感染率为26.78%,男性感染率（32.65%）高于女性（22.90%）;单纯毛囊蠕形螨、单纯皮脂蠕形螨与混合感染均存在,以单纯毛囊蠕形螨感染为主。蠕形螨的感染有聚集分布现象。     

辽宁省丹东地区肺吸虫病流行现状分析

为了解丹东地区肺吸虫宿主感染情况和人群肺吸虫病感染率、患病率的动态变化 ,探讨肺吸虫病发病规律和流行特点 ,采用回顾性调查方法 ,对 196 3～ 1998年丹东地区肺吸虫病流行和防治资料进行分析。结果显示 ,宿主川卷螺感染率由 196 4年的 2 .2 0‰下降至 1993年的 0 .6 7‰ ,1994年后螺密度锐减 ,很难采集到。 196 4年东北喇蛄感染率均在 6 0 %以上 ,感染度无明显变化 ,1996年后疫河中喇蛄几乎绝迹。家犬感染率在 44 .11%左右 ,剖检家犬阳性率在 84%以上 ,平均每犬得虫数为 34.85只。人群肺吸虫病感染率由 1991年的 2 3.36 %下降至 1998年的15 .2 4%。肺吸虫病发病率由 196 3年的 12 .9%下降至 1991年的 0 .4%。 1998年暴发流行传入性肺吸虫病 ,发病率92 .2 %。因此 ,丹东地区卫氏肺吸虫病基本控制。但传入性肺吸虫病尚难以控制。今后防治工作应在严密监测加强宣教的同时 ,加强境外河蟹的检疫及监测传入性肺吸虫病的疫情变化 ,防止其发生和流行     

贵州省人体重要寄生虫病现状调查与分析

目的掌握贵州省重要寄生虫病流行分布现状。方法按照《全国重要人体寄生虫病现状调查实施细则》要求进行。结果土源性线虫病调查30个点15 958人,感染率为47.52%,其中蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染率分别为42.41%、4.71%、10.77%和1.67%。绦/囊虫病调查16个点,其中问卷调查17 889人,无确诊绦虫病人;血清学检查6 669人,阳性16人,阳性率0.24%。华支睾吸虫病调查9个点5 195人,粪检虫卵阳性2人,感染率0.04%。包虫病调查2个点1041人,血清学阳性率8.26%;弓形虫病调查10个重点人群及3个点共4 933人,血清学阳性率16.81%。黑热病调查3个点1 442人,未发现患者或疑似患者,调查地亦未发现白蛉。结论与1991年全国首次人体寄生虫分布调查结果相比,贵州省人体土源性线虫感染率明显下降,但感染率水平仍较高,并存在食源性寄生虫及弓形虫等感染。     

Ophthalmologic manifestations of rheumatic diseases

OBJECTIVES: Detailed review of the manifestations of eye involvement in the context of rheumatic diseases. METHODS: An OVID Medline search of the rheumatology and ophthalmology English literature related to the eye manifestations of human rheumatic diseases from 1966 to the present was conducted by the authors. RESULTS: Analysis of 300 recent and consecutive rheumatology consultations from a large Veterans Administration Healthcare System shows that 4% are referred for eye manifestations of suspected rheumatic diseases, most commonly, anterior uveitis and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). Ocular involvement is common in the rheumatic diseases but varies among the different disorders. A literature review indicated that the most common ocular manifestations of rheumatic diseases include keratoconjunctivitis sicca, anterior uveitis, and scleritis. The most serious eye complications of the inherited connective tissue disorders are lens involvement with cataract formation or subluxation. The most significant side effects of the drugs used to treat rheumatic diseases are the maculopathy associated with anti-malarial agents and cataracts and glaucoma associated with corticosteroid use. Although many of the eye manifestations are easily recognizable, consultation with an ophthalmologist is usually necessary for optimal treatment and prevention of complications. CONCLUSIONS: The rheumatologist, in coordination with the ophthalmologist, can play a major role in detecting and managing the eye involvement in his patients to save this important sense. Understanding the varied manifestations of eye disease will permit the rheumatologist to better evaluate the activity of the rheumatic disease.     

The Onchocerca volvulus transmission potentials and associated patterns of onchocerciasis at four Cameroon Sudan-savanna villages.

The intensity of O. volvulus infection, and the prevalence of certain eye lesions and of blindness, are compared in 4 hyperendemic Cameroon Sudan-savanna villages. The pattern of the disease is related to the annual transmission potentials to which the communities were exposed, and the results are compared with those obtained previously in forest villages. The prevalence and intensity of O. volvulus infections in S. damnosun were more closely related to the prevalence of positive skin snip than to the mean concentrations of microfilariae in the skin. Owing to the differential dispersal of nulliparous and parous flies in savanna, the annual transmission potentials were related more closely to the numbers of parous flies than to the total fly population. Factors governing the exposure of persons to infective flies are discussed. Seasonal transmission, which was usually light, did not lead to severe onchocerciasis; the more perennial the transmission the heavier was its degree, and the more prevalent were eye lesions and blindness. Annual transmission potentials of about 500, 1750, 1800+ and 2900 were associated with an increase in the mean intensity of infection and in the prevalence of eye lesions, while the onchocerciasis blindness rate in persons over 20 years old rose from nil to 3.3, 9.2 and 10 per cent respectively. Annual transmission potentials of 4400 and 19000 were recorded on the banks of S. damnosum breeding rivers in the area, but no villages were sited at such places and it is probable that no community could survive under such conditions. The bearing of these findings on the anticipated effects of S. damnosum control operations in savanna is discussed.     

儿童吃甘蔗引起蛔虫急性感染情况的调查

连江县城关地区每年冬季甘蔗成熟以后,随着吃甘蔗人数的增加,儿童发生咳嗽、哮喘等症状的病人也同步增加。经查明是因吃了沾有大量感染性蛔虫卵的甘蔗而引起的。其发病率为48.3％,甘蔗污染蛔虫卵率为54％,土壤污染率为100％。检出的虫卵绝大部分是感染性虫卵。病人驱虫均驱出成虫和幼虫。     

Early-appearing antiviral activity in human tears during a case of picornavirus epidemic conjunctivitis.

The clinical, virological, and immunological courses of a laboratory-acquired hemorrhagic conjunctivitis were followed. Coxsackievirus type A24 (CA24) was isolated from tears for only two days but from sputum and fecal samples for 20 days. Maximal levels of virus were detected in the right eye (10(5.1) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml) 5-7 hr before conjunctivitis in the right eye, and in feces (10(2.8) 50% tissue culture infective doses/g) and sputum (10(2.5) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml) five and eight days after onset of conjunctivitis, respectively. Specific neutralizing activity against CA24 was detected in tear samples 48-56 hr after exposure, and elimination of virus was associated with the rise in the neutralizing activity in tears. This activity was detected earlier than previously reported antibody responses of the eye. The absence of interferon and the association of this early neutralizing activity in tears with early elimination of virus from the eye suggest that neutralizing activity may play a major role in the clinical and pathological manifestations of this infection.     

两种人体钩虫感染性幼虫的形态鉴别

人体十二指肠钩虫和美洲钩虫感染性幼虫的形态鉴别,对钩虫病流行病学调查及人体寄生虫学教学均具有实践意义。在实际工作中,掌握口矛（咽管矛）和鞘膜横纹的特征,就可以准确鉴别两种钩虫的感染性幼虫。