(赤)-苯丙二醇胺类化合物的合成及抗心律失常活性

为探索关附甲素药效基团,进行结构改造,设计合成了13个(赤)-苯丙二醇胺类化合物(I_1～7,II_1～6)。用乌头碱诱发大鼠心律失常试验表明,多数化合物有一定的抗心律失常活性,其中I₂的抗VT活性及I₃的抗VP活性与关附甲素相近,苯环对位引入吸电性NO₂基(I_1～6)对活性不利。产物制备中发现,烯丙位N原子对Prevost反应的立体选择性有较大影响,将胺基乙酰化后可排除干扰顺利进行反应。     

四氢异喹啉类化合物的合成和抗血小板聚集活性

某些异喹啉化合物有抗血小板聚集活性,如喘速宁的纯光学异构体R-(+)体有较明显的抗血小板聚集作用。本文重点对四氢异喹啉母核(I₁～I₄)的2位进行取代基修饰,共合成了14个化合物。体外药理筛选结果初步表明,大部分化合物有一定的抗血小板聚集活性,其中II₃,II₅,II₇,II₈和II₁₀活性较强。     

3-[p-ω-取代氨基烃氧基)-苯甲酰]-吲哚衍生物的合成

本文根据某些吲哚化合物具有抗生育活性,结合多数非甾体抗生育化合物联有碱性醚链的结构特征,设计并合成了以吲哚为母核的四种类型化合物(Ⅰ_1～7,Ⅱ_1～7,Ⅲ_1～7,Ⅳ₁)22个,并验证了三个熔点与文献报道不符的关键中间体。对小白鼠的初步药理试验表明:所合成的化合物均无抗着床作用;Ⅱ₁,Ⅱ₂,Ⅱ₄和Ⅱ₅有明显的镇痛作用;Ⅲ₂和Ⅲ₃则有较强的抗电休克作用。     

3(4)溴代和3,4-二烷氧基-5-硝基呋喃衍生物的合成及其抗菌活性

为了探索呋吨类药物的构效关系,本文在已知硝基呋哺类有效药物的3-位或4-位分别引入溴原子和3,4-位引入二烷氧基,进行结构修饰,合成了32个化合物,其中28个为新化合物。经药理试验,发现Ⅰ_2～3,Ⅰ_6～7,Ⅱ_2～8和Ⅲ_1～8有抑菌作用,4-溴代化合物的抑菌活性明显高于3-溴代异构体。     

N-(1-乙氧羰基-3-苯氨甲酰基丙基)甘氨酰甘氨酸衍生物的合成

报道4个N-(1-[1-乙氧羰基-3-(对甲)苯氨甲酰基]丙基甘氨酰｝-N-取代甘氨酸(XI_1～4)和5个1-[1-乙(或甲)氧羰基-3-(对甲)苯氨甲酰基]丙基-4-取代-1,4-哌嗪-2,5-二酮(XII_1～5)共9个估计有血管紧张素转化酶抑制活性化合物的合成和鉴定。所有这些化合物及9个相应的酯(X_1～9)均未见文献报道。药理初试结果,化合物XII₂,XII₅,XI₄和XII₁均有较强降压活性。     

三氟甲基氨酚喹类似物的合成及其抗疟活性

本文报道了22个7-三氟甲基和2-甲基-7-三氟甲基氨酚喹类似物的合成。用伯氏疟原虫(plasmodium berghei)ANKA正常株感染小鼠作抑制性治疗试验,在剂量为(10 mg/kg)/d×4和(20 mg/kg)/d×4时,有11个化合物(Ⅰ_1～9,Ⅱ₃和Ⅱ₆)对疟原虫完全抑制。其中3个化合物(Ⅰ₂,Ⅰ₆和Ⅰ₇)在剂量为(5 mg/kg)/d×4时,就能对原虫完全抑制。12个化合物(Ⅰ_1～10,Ⅱ₃和Ⅱ₆)用伯氏疟原虫ANKA抗氯喹株感染小鼠作治疗试验,剂量为(20 mg/kg)/d×4,2个化合物(Ⅰ₄和Ⅱ₃)在受试的5只小鼠中,原虫完全被抑制的鼠分别为3和4只,用相同剂量的对照药物盐酸氨酚喹治疗,原虫仍为阳性。     

6-(4′-取代酰胺基苯基)-4,5-二氢-3(2H)-哒嗪酮类化合物的合成及其抑制血小板聚集作用

目的：6-(4′-取代苯基)-4,5-二氢-3(2H)-哒嗪酮类化合物的合成及抗血小板聚集活性的研究。方法：通过付-克反应、碳链延长、水解和环合反应得到两个关键中间体,然后通过酰化反应制得各种酰胺化合物;参考Born比浊法测定目标化合物的抗血小板聚集活性。结果：设计合成了24个6-(4′-取代酰胺基苯基)-4,5-二氢-3(2H)-哒嗪酮类化合物,22个为首次报道;所有化合物在体外对ADP诱导的兔血小板聚集均有不同程度的抑制作用,第II类化合物的抑制作用强于第I类化合物,其中I₁,I₃,II₁,II₃,II₄,II₆和II₉的抑制作用均强于对照药CI-930,其中II₁和II₃的抑制作用最强,其IC₅₀约为CI-930的1/10。结论：其中一些化合物显示较强的抗血小板聚集活性,值得进一步研究。     

N-(2-巯基苯甲酰)-N-烷基/芳基甘氨酸及其双硫化物的合成

为了寻找新的血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI),本文根据血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)活性部位及与底物或抑制剂的作用模式,以及现有ACEI的结构特征,设计合成了16个N-(2-巯基苯甲酰)-N-烷基/芳基甘氨酸(Ⅰ_1～8)及其双硫化物(Ⅱ_1～8)。其中,化合物Ⅰ₃,Ⅱ₁降压活性(大鼠)最强,与巯甲丙腑酸(captopril)相似。     

黄花乌头中Hetisine型生物碱的高速逆流色谱分离与结构鉴定

目的研究黄花乌头块根的化学成分，寻找更多天然活性物质。方法采用高速逆流色谱法分离纯化黄花乌头块根中的生物碱类化学成分，根据理化性质、波谱学分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果高速逆流色谱的两相溶剂分离系统采用氯仿-甲醇-0.2 mol·L^-1 HCl(体积比为10∶3∶3)，从黄花乌头块根中一次性分离得到8个化合物，分别鉴定为2α-propionyl-11α,13β-diacetyl-14-hydroxyhetisine (I)、关附巳素(II)、关附庚素(III)、关附己素(IV)、关附Z素(V)、关附辰素(VI)、关附甲素(VII)、关附壬素(VIII)。结论化合物I为新化合物，命名为关附未素(Guanfu base R)。     

半合成头孢菌素抗生素的研究——Ⅱ.7-(7-或8-取代香豆素-3-甲酰胺基)头孢菌素的合成

本文报道了以7-或8-取代香豆素-3-羧酸为侧链酸,用酰氯法和Vilsmeier试剂法与7-ADCA,7-ACA和7-ACT缩合,合成了17个7-或8-取代香豆素-3-甲酰胺头孢菌素类衍生物,通过有机溶媒、葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)及离心薄层层析纯化精制,得到纯品。初步抑菌试验结果表明:化合物V₂,V₃,V₈,V₉,V₁₄和V₁₅对耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌有较强的作用。     

关附甲素对豚鼠心室肌细胞延迟整流钾电流的抑制作用

用全细胞膜片钳制技术研究关附甲素对豚鼠心室肌细胞延迟整流钾电流的作用。结果表明,关附甲素100μmol·L^-1对延迟整流钾电流有明显的抑制作用。去极化2200和3850ms时,I_k分别由293±90和290±90pA减小至227±59和231±66pA,这种抑制作用与去极化持续时间无关。关附甲素对内向整流钾电流无影响。提示关附甲素延长心肌复极化时间似与抑制延迟整流钾电流的作用有关。     

关附甲素对实验性心律失常和心肌收缩性的影响

关附甲素(GFA)浓度为20～3oμg·ml^-1时,可以降低无K⁺高Ca²⁺液灌流离体大鼠心脏诱发VT和VF的发生率。清醒大鼠ivGFA2.5～10mg·kg^-1,可依剂量性显著增加北草乌头碱引起室性早搏的用量。清醒犬ivGFA10mg·kg^-1,可逆转哇巴因引起VT,并对麻醉犬(10～20mg·kg^-1),由ACh诱发房颤有明显的抑制作用。GFA10mg·kg^-1iv可明显减慢麻醉犬或清醒犬心率,对心肌收缩性(V_max和V_pm)只有轻度而短暂的抑制,但对左室收缩压,心搏量和心输出量无明显影响。     

盐酸青藤碱的抗心律失常作用

青藤碱(sinomenine,SIN),有多方面的药理作用,国内已有较系统的药理研究,但至今尚未见其抗心律失常作用的报道。本文在几种动物模型观察了SIN的抗实验性心律失常的效果。     

Strategies for atrial fibrillation therapy: focusing on IKur potassium channel

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia associated with heart failure, stroke and mortality. Existing treatment of atrial fibrillation with class I or class III antiarrhythmic agents produces negative feedback on the ventricular repolarisations, which is widely considered as a critical risk factor of Torsades de pointes. The serious side effects hinder the appropriate usage and fair evaluation of these antiarrhythmic agents in clinical trials. Specifically existing in the ventricular, the ultra-rapid delayed rectifier potassium current (I_Kur), encoded by the K_v1.5 gene, is a crucial determinant of Phase I repolarisation during action potential duration. All evidence suggests that the K_v1.5 gene would be a potent target for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. This review describes the progress of K_v1.5 inhibitors in up-to-date literatures and awarded patents, and the latest information in clinical and preclinical trials.     

CPU 86017 suppression of arrhythmias induced by ischemia/reperfusion,ouabain, aconitine,and elevation of ventricular fibrillatory threshold

Protection by CPU 86017 against reperfusion-induced arrhythmias was studied in Langendorff perfused hearts and anesthetized rats. Inhibition of arrhythmias induced by ouabain and aconitine was observed, and the influence of CPU 86017 on ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) was determined. CPU 86017 exerted a dose-dependent antiarrhythmic effect in animal models. In Langendorff's perfused hearts, CPU 86017 significantly reduced the incidence and duration of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia, as well as arrhythmic scores in a dose-dependent manner. The approximate ED₅₀ of CPU 86017 against ventricular fibrillation was 2.10 μM. The antiarrhythmic effect of CPU 86017 against arrhythmia persisted for more than 6 h. In anaesthetized rats, CPU 86017 provided potent antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory effects by po or iv routes. CPU 86017 was similar in potency to propafenone by the po route, and 10 times more potent than lidocaine by the iv route. CPU 86017 significantly attenuated the exaggerated arrhythmia and ventricular fibrillation in hypertrophic hearts induced by 1-thyroxine. Against ouabain-induced arrhythmias CPU 86017 exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect, which was 6.5-fold more potent than berberine. CPU 86017 significantly reduced ventricular fibrillation incidence and prevented the further deterioration of ventricular arrhythmias induced by aconitine. In conclusion, CPU 86017 is a potent antiarrhythmic agent with multiple mechanisms of action. Drug Dev. Res. 39:184–190. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

The effectiveness of trapidil and trapidil derivatives on drug-induced heart arrhythmias in the rat and guinea pig

Trapidil and some selected derivatives of trapidil were investigated in ouabain induced arrhythmia in guinea-pigs and in aconitine induced arrhythmia in rats. In both models trapidil exerted a marked antiarrhythmic effect. Investigations on ouabain induced arrhythmia showed that three derivatives were more effective than trapidil concerning the threshold for premature ventricular beats and flutter. One derivative only was able to decrease the sensitivity for fibrillation in the same order of magnitude as trapidil. On aconitine induced arrhythmia all derivatives of trapidil were less effective in elevating the threshold of arrhythmia than trapidil itself, but three derivatives showed antiarrhythmic properties.     

山莨菪碱的抗心律失常作用

山莨菪碱(anisodamine,简称Ani)有阻断M受体和α受体等作用。近年来,有人报道Ani有钙拮抗作用,这可能与茛菪碱类药物用于治疗心律失常有关。本文采用七种实验动物模型,观察了Ani的抗心律失常作用。     

去葡萄糖竹节参皂苷Ⅳa抗实验性心律失常作用

目的研究去葡萄糖竹节参皂苷Ⅳa(DCⅣa)是否具有抗实验性心律失常的作用。方法采用氯化钡、乌头碱、毒毛花苷G及结扎左冠状动脉前降支诱发大鼠或豚鼠心律失常模型,八道生理记录仪观察并记录Ⅱ导联心电图,观察DCⅣa对实验性心律失常的预防作用。结果DCⅣa能缩短氯化钡和乌头碱诱发大鼠心律失常的持续时间,增加恢复正常心律的动物数;增加诱发豚鼠心律失常的毒毛花苷G用量;延长冠脉结扎致大鼠心律失常发生的潜伏期,缩短心律失常的持续时间,降低室颤发生的百分率。结论DCⅣa具有明显的抗心律失常作用。     

IKur/Kv1.5 channel blockers for the treatment of atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. Anti-arrhythmic drugs remain the mainstay of therapy, but the available class I and III anti-arrhythmic drugs are only moderately effective in long-term restoring/maintaining sinus rhythm (SR) and can produce potentially fatal ventricular pro-arrhythmia. In an attempt to identify safer and more effective anti-arrhythmic drugs, drug discovery efforts have focused on ‘atrial selective drugs’ that target cardiac ion channel(s) that are exclusively or predominantly expressed in the atria. The ultra-rapid activating delayed rectifier K⁺ current (I_Kur), carried by Kv1.5 channels, is a major repolarizing current in human atria, but seems to play no role in the ventricle. This finding offers the possibility of developing selective I_Kur blockers to restore and maintain SR without a risk of ventricular pro-arrhythmia. Several I_Kur blockers are now being developed but clinical data are still limited, so the precise role of these agents in the treatment of AF remains to be defined. In this review we analyze the possible advantages and disadvantages of the developmental I_Kur blockers as they represent the first step for the development of potential atrial selective drugs for a more effective and safer treatment and prevention of AF.