旅游应准备哪些药品

由于旅游过程中生活不规律,气候、环境的改变,加之长途跋涉、车船劳顿,难免会发生晕车、失眠、便秘、腹泻、感冒、中署等小毛病,或不小心发生扭伤或跌伤。有人将这些统称为"旅游病"。为了使旅游顺利进行,增添更多乐趣,动身前最好准备些药品,以备应急之用。晕车药有些人坐车、乘船或乘飞机时,会感到头晕目眩、恶心呕吐、面色苍白,可在动身前半小     

月亮圆缺与人体健康

"晓月过残垒,繁星宿故关";"明月如霜,清景无限"等古诗句,道出了人类与月亮的不解之缘。16世纪时,德国医生帕拉策尔苏斯就认识到:满月时,精神错乱的人数就会增加。因为在满月和新月时,太阳和月亮位于一条直线上,用联合的力量拉地球,大潮就是这时发生的。现代科学研究表明,满月时产生的"生物潮汐",使暴躁的人变得更加神经过敏,忧郁的人变得更加消沉,爱寻欢作乐的人更加喜欢采取异常行动。20世纪70年代,北尼     

吃得越饱寿命越短

美国科学家做了这样一个实验:将200只猴子分为两组,每组100只;甲组吃饱为止,乙组只吃七八分饱。经过10年喂养,甲组猴子患高血脂、脂肪肝、高血压、冠心病的多,100只猴子中死亡了50只(50.0%);乙组猴子苗条健康,精力充沛,100只中死亡了12只(12.0%)。结论是低热量的饮食是健康的法宝。洪昭光     

烦人的尿道综合症

黄小姐5年前由于一次不当性生活而导致尿频、尿急、尿痛的症状,经输液打针、服用中西药等治疗,效果都不佳.时时袭来的尿频、尿急令她不敢贸然外出,一旦外出,把找厕所当成头等大事.刚开始1～2个小时排尿一次,以后间隔时间越来越短,甚至在咳嗽、走路时尿液不自主地流出.反复尿液检查却没有白细胞,细菌培养也不见细菌、真菌、衣原体、支原体等微生物.更可怕的是夜间反复排尿,严重影响睡眠,影响她的生活质量,给她带来巨大痛苦及心理压力.     

专家点评

血余炭为人发煅成的炭,性平味苦,归肝、胃经。功能止血散瘀、补阴利尿,善治各种出血及小便不通。为化疲止血良药,有止血而不留瘀、利尿而不伤阴之特点。外用于疮疡,有解毒、生肌敛疮之效。江某读者用血余炭治疗鼻出血,是一个很好的方法,而且此法确实如读者所述,见     

呵护前列腺六要素

前列腺是男性独有的附属性腺,如核桃大小,重约20克,位于膀胱下方。前列腺包绕着紧挨膀胱的尿道,它的主要功能是分泌稀薄的前列腺液,构成精液的一部分,同时也是排尿的必经之地。青壮年时期前列腺常受到各种病菌侵袭容易发生炎症。50岁以后,随着睾丸酮及分泌物的减少,同时出现前列腺增生。据统计,60岁以上男     

注意:有些眼药用前需配制

小赵因双眼发红,分泌物多,到药店买了一瓶利福平眼药自行滴眼治疗。然而用药后不仅没有效果,症状反而加重。原来她用药前没有按说明书要求将眼药配好,还犯了一个啼笑皆非的错误——把本应放入药瓶中溶解的药丸,当作口服药服到肚子里了……     

体育锻炼矫正心理缺陷

体育锻炼纠正心理缺陷,不是一般的运动训练和娱乐游戏活动。要想达到心理转移的目的,必须有一定的强度、质量和时间的要求。每天锻炼时间在30分钟左右,运动量从小到大,循序渐进。     

性保健良方——运动

法国有一位名医说过一句很精辟的话:"运动几乎可以代替任何药物,但是世界上的一切药品,并不能代替运动的作用。"科技文明带给人们无数的方便与实惠,但是如果不能正确享用现代文明的成果,也     

色氨酸有益健康

色氨酸是人体所需的一种重要的氨基酸,对预防糙皮病、抑郁症,改善睡眠和增强自信心有着很重要的作用。预防糙皮病糙皮病是由于组织内缺少烟酸所致,最典型的症状是皮炎,常在肢体暴露部     

A Wilcoxon-type test for trend

An extension of the Wilcoxon rank-sum test is developed to handle the situation in which a variable is measured for individuals in three or more (ordered) groups and a non-parametric test for trend across these groups is desired. The uses of the test are illustrated by two examples from cancer research.     

乙烷硒啉致突变试验研究

目的观察乙烷硒啉是否存在遗传毒性。方法应用Ames试验、中国仓鼠肺细胞体外培养染色体畸变试验和小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验,研究乙烷硒啉的致突变作用。结果Ames试验在〈400μg/皿浓度下未见回复突变菌落数显著增加;中国仓鼠肺细胞体外培养染色体畸变试验在〈3.3μg/ml浓度下未出现细胞染色体畸变率显著增高;小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验在〈20.0g/kg剂量下未诱发微核细胞率的增高。结论乙烷硒啉在试验剂量范围内无致突变作用。     

Adaptive testing for association between two random vectors in moderate to high dimensions

Testing for association between two random vectors is a common and important task in many fields, however, existing tests, such as Escoufier's RV test, are suitable only for low‐dimensional data, not for high‐dimensional data. In moderate to high dimensions, it is necessary to consider sparse signals, which are often expected with only a few, but not many, variables associated with each other. We generalize the RV test to moderate‐to‐high dimensions. The key idea is to data adaptively weight each variable pair based on its empirical association. As the consequence, the proposed test is adaptive, alleviating the effects of noise accumulation in high‐dimensional data, and thus maintaining the power for both dense and sparse alternative hypotheses. We show the connections between the proposed test with several existing tests, such as a generalized estimating equations‐based adaptive test, multivariate kernel machine regression (KMR), and kernel distance methods. Furthermore, we modify the proposed adaptive test so that it can be powerful for nonlinear or nonmonotonic associations. We use both real data and simulated data to demonstrate the advantages and usefulness of the proposed new test. The new test is freely available in R package aSPC on CRAN at https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/aSPC/index.html and https://github.com/jasonzyx/aSPC .     

大肠癌非侵入性诊断试验的评价

本文以临床流行病学观点对大肠癌患者30例及正常人34名进行四种非侵入性诊断试验的评价,结果如下:CH_4、NQT、BT、LAT敏感度分别为80%,90%,70%,80%;特异度分别为70.6%,97%,91.1%100%;准确度分别为75%,93.7%,81.2%,90.6%.联合试验可提高诊断的敏感度与特异度,有助于对大肠癌作出正确的诊断.     

古尼拟青霉的致突变研究

古尼拟青霉为可代替名贵中药——冬虫夏草的新药。通过Ames试验、微核、姊妹染色单体互换(SCE)及精子畸形试验对古尼拟青霉进行诱变研究。试验结果均为阴性。初步认为古尼拟青霉无诱变性。     

多中心多组临床试验的设计入路

目的本文提出一种用于多中心多组临床试验的设计入路,并同Cochran入路以至Mantel-Haenszel入路作以比较.方法以四格表卡方统计量为起点,将组数由2推广到大于2,层数由1到大干1,得到多层多组非中心参数表达式和检验统计量.结果本文入路计算简便,设计灵活,层数组数不受限制,可作非等层非等样本设计.相比之下,Cochran入路几乎不能用于3组以上,Mantel-Haenszel入路更限于等层设计.对于3中心3组等层设计,本文入路结果比Cochran入路大0到4,至于Mantel-Haenszel入路,为-3到1.本文入路结果多介于后二者之间.结论本文入路可用于多中心多组临床试验的设计.     

某种含葛根黄酮的保健食品的急性毒性和遗传毒性研究

[目的]研究某种含葛根黄酮的保健食品的急性毒性和遗传毒性,为葛根黄酮的开发利用提供依据。[方法]应用小鼠急性经口毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验对该含葛根黄酮的保健食品的毒性进行了试验观察。[结果]该含葛根黄酮的保健食品对雌雄小鼠LD50均大于10 000 mg/kg.bw,属实际无毒物质;Ames试验中受试物各剂量组回变菌落数均未超过自发回变菌落数的2倍,亦无剂量-反应关系,结果为阴性;小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验中各剂量组微核率、精子畸形率与阴性对照组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而环磷酰胺阳性对照组与阴性对照组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),证明实验结果均为阴性。[结论]本次实验条件下,该含葛根黄酮的保健食品属实际无毒物质,未显示有遗传毒性作用。     

Likelihood ratio and score tests to test the non‐inferiority (or equivalence) of the odds ratio in a crossover study with binary outcomes

We consider the non‐inferiority (or equivalence) test of the odds ratio (OR) in a crossover study with binary outcomes to evaluate the treatment effects of two drugs. To solve this problem, Lui and Chang (2011) proposed both an asymptotic method and a conditional method based on a random effects logit model. Kenward and Jones (1987) proposed a likelihood ratio test (LRT_M) based on a log linear model. These existing methods are all subject to model misspecification. In this paper, we propose a likelihood ratio test (LRT) and a score test that are independent of model specification. Monte Carlo simulation studies show that, in scenarios considered in this paper, both the LRT and the score test have higher power than the asymptotic and conditional methods for the non‐inferiority test; the LRT, score, and asymptotic methods have similar power, and they all have higher power than the conditional method for the equivalence test. When data can be well described by a log linear model, the LRT_M has the highest power among all the five methods (LRT_M, LRT, score, asymptotic, and conditional) for both non‐inferiority and equivalence tests. However, in scenarios for which a log linear model does not describe the data well, the LRT_M has the lowest power for the non‐inferiority test and has inflated type I error rates for the equivalence test. We provide an example from a clinical trial that illustrates our methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

医疗费用效果分析中的检验方法及其应用

目的：借用生存分析的方法，将“医疗费用”视为生存分析中的“生存时间”，“治愈和未治愈”视为生存分析中的“死亡和仍活着”，探讨该考察指标的统计检验问题。方法：给出了每治愈一例，两种治疗方案的平均费用的显著性检验方法（指数分布均数检验法）以及数据应满足的条件，进一步介绍了用非参数检验方法ｌｏｇｒａｎｋ进行分析和检验。结果：对每治愈一例，两组平均费用进行显著性差异检验。发现两种检验方法的结果接近，结论相同。结论：治愈一例患者的平均费用的显著性检验可以采用指数分布均数检验法进行分析，但要求资料近似服从指数分布；非参数方法ｌｏｇｒａｎｋ方法也可以分析和比较两种治疗方案每治愈一例患者的期望费用     

Testing the utility of mod scores and sib-pair analysis to detect presence of disease susceptibility loci

Linkage analyses and association studies were employed to detect disease susceptibility loci leading to elevated Q1 levels in Problem 2B. Phenotypes were defined to be the dichotomous affection status, the quantitative value for Q1, and Q1 adjusted for covariates. The method of mod-scores (for the dichotomous phenotype) and the Haseman-Elston sib-pair test on the dichotomous and quantitative phenotypes were used to screen for linkage of disease susceptibilitygenes to 367 markers. These analyses were performed on a sample ascertained from the first 60 replicates. The mod-score method detected linkage to MG1, MG2, and MG3 with scores of 1.5,5.0, and 1.6 respectively. Sib-pair analysis using quantitative phenotypes signaled linkage only to the area surrounding MG1; the dichotomous phenotype detected linkage only to MG2. Association studies used ANOVA on all founders in the first 60 replicates and ASSOC on the ascertained families and on a subset of families from the 60 replicates but only confirmed an association to MG1. In conclusion, the mod-score method may be a useful tool for genomic screens. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.