OMOM胶囊内镜对小肠疾病的诊断价值初步研究

目的 探讨国产OMOM胶囊内镜对小肠疾病的诊断价值.方法 36例受试者为疑有小肠疾病的患者,所有受试者榆查前均行胃、肠镜检查,其中32例行伞消化道钡餐透视榆查.采用重庆金山科技集蹦OMOM胶囊内镜系统进行检查并进行总结分析.结果 36例受试者中1例胶囊滞留于胃内8 h检查失败,检查成功率97.2%.胶囊存小肠平均运行时间70 min～483 min,平均293 min.共发现小肠病变28例,末见异常7例,阳性率80.0%.其中有9例患者同时有2处或2处以上病变.结论 OMOM胶囊内镜检查安全、可靠、方便,可作为小肠疾病的首选检查方法.对于小肠病变的检出率较高,尤其是对不明原因的消化道出血可作为常规榆查手段.     

国产OMOM胶囊内镜对消化道疾病的诊断价值

目的探讨国产OMOM胶囊内镜在消化道疾病,特别是小肠疾病中的诊断价值。方法总结分析我院2008年1月至2009年5月应用国产OMOM胶囊内镜检查59例患者,所有患者均经胃镜、结肠镜、腹部彩超等检查未发现可解释疾病的原因,其中出血组13例,腹痛组46例。采用甘露醇行肠道准备。结果59例中检查出小肠疾病26例。OMOM胶囊内镜性能稳定,图像清晰,摄像胶囊所携带的电池一般能满足对全小肠的观察。胶囊内镜在胃内通过时间9min～149min,胃内平均滞留时间44min,小肠通过时间83min～398min,小肠平均通过时间195min。有3例胶囊滞瘤体内,未出现其他不良反应。结论国产OMOM胶囊内镜对小肠疾病的诊断阳性率高,安全无痛苦,具有较好的临床诊断价值,尤其适用于不明原因消化道出血的患者。     

国产与进口胶囊内镜796例临床应用分析

目的探讨国产胶囊内镜与进口胶囊内镜对小肠疾病的诊断价值及安全性。方法选择2003～2018年我院行了胶囊内镜检查患者796例,根据胶囊内镜的不同分为两组。A组414例患者采用以色列M2A胶囊内镜检查,病因包括不明原因消化道出血194例,不明原因慢性腹泻87例,不明原因腹痛90例,不明原因贫血43例;B组382例患者采用国产OMOM胶囊内镜,包括不明原因消化道出血173例,不明原因慢性腹泻97例,不明原因腹痛85例,不明原因贫血27例。结果 A组共411例完成检查,B组共381例完成检查,检查总成功率为99.50%(792/796)。A组全小肠检查成功率为86.71%(359/414);B组全小肠检查成功率为95.03%(363/382)。A组不明原因消化道出血患者病变检出率为80.41%(156/194),不明原因腹泻患者病变检出率为68.97%(60/87),不明原因腹痛患者病变检出率为63.33%(57/90),不明原因贫血患者病变检出率为55.81%(24/43)。B组不明原因消化道出血患者病变检出率为85.55%(148/173),不明原因腹泻患者病变检出率为61.86%(60/97),不明原因腹痛患者病变检出率为60.00%(51/85),不明原因贫血患者病变检出率为55.56%(15/27)。A组病变检出率为71.74%(297/414),B组病变检出率为71.73%(274/382),两组检出率差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论胶囊内镜对小肠疾病有较高诊断价值,国产OMOM胶囊内镜的检出率与诊断率与M2A胶囊内镜相当。     

OMOM胶囊内镜临床应用的初步评价

目的探讨0MOM胶囊内镜系统的性能及在临床应用中的价值。方法总结分析65例OMOM胶囊内镜检查的临床资料。结果在疑有消化道疾病的65例患者检查中，l例在胶囊有效时间未能通过幽门，总结其余64例患者，共检出病变47例，包括小肠炎2l例(其中克鲁恩病3例)，胃及小肠息肉8例(其中1例Peutz-Jeghers综合征)，血管粗大或畸形9例，回肠憩室3例，钩虫症3例，小肠黏膜下占位3例(其中1例手术及病理证实为平滑肌肉瘤)。未见异常17例。阳性检出率为73．4％。胶囊检查时间平均为473min(360～630min)，排出时间平均为1723min(690～2370min)。结论OMOM胶囊内镜对于小肠病变的检出率较高，对于不明原因的消化道出血患者可作为常规检查手段。     

OMOM胶囊内镜检查在消化道疾病中的应用价值

目的探讨OMOM胶囊内镜在消化道疾病中的应用价值。方法对79例临床表现为不明原因消化道系统症状患者行OMOM胶囊内镜检查。结果完成小肠检查75例,检出病变46例（检出率58．2％）,其中肠道血管畸形15例,小肠黏膜糜烂、黏膜下占位性病变各4例,小肠憩室、结核、过敏性紫癜、钩虫症、蛔虫症各1例,小肠多发息肉5例;食管炎1例,胃内黏膜糜烂8例,十二指肠炎症2例,十二指肠溃疡及结肠溃疡各1例;阴性33例。患者均无不适感。结论胶囊内镜对小肠疾病（尤其是不明原因消化道出血）具有较高诊断价值,对胃和结肠疾病也有一定诊断价值。     

国产OMOM胶囊内镜540例临床应用分析

目的探讨国产OMOM胶囊内镜对小肠疾病的诊断价值及安全性。方法选取2005年10月-2011年9月在我院消化内科行OMOM胶囊内镜检查的540例患者(包括不明原因消化道出血患者328例、不明原因腹痛患者159例、慢性腹泻患者53例),对诊断结果进行相关统计学分析。结果共533例患者检查成功,检查成功率98.70%(533/540);370例患者检出小肠病变,病变检出率69.42%(370/533),其中,最常见的是非特异性炎症90例(24.32%),占位性病变62例(16.76%),血管性病变55例(14.86%),溃疡性病变44例(11.89%);其次为息肉27例(7.30%),钩虫病25例(6.76%)等。共有13例发生胶囊滞留,发生率为2.43%(13/535)。结论国产OMOM胶囊内镜对小肠疾病有良好的诊断价值,临床安全性好。     

胶囊内镜诊断消化道疾病102例

目的:探讨胶囊内镜在消化道疾病中的诊断价值和安全性.方法:对不明原因的消化道出血.腹痛和慢性腹泻患者进行Pillcam胶囊内镜检查.部分患者行传统检查(胃镜、结肠镜和全消化道钡餐),进行对比分析.结果:102例受检者在胶囊内镜检查过程中无任何不适和并发症,均顺利完成检查.胶囊1-4 d自然排出,食道排空平均时间2.46 min,胃排空平均时间37.8 min,小肠转运时间平均275.82 min,其中,5例胶囊未达结肠.所得图像清晰,检出食道静咏曲张、慢性胃炎、十二指肠溃疡、小肠炎症、克罗恩病、血管畸形、息肉和间质瘤等.结论:胶囊内镜检查无痛苦,成功率高,对病变检出率高,定位较准确.与其他方法相比.对小肠疾病和上消化道病变有较好的诊断价值.     

胶囊内镜检查胃肠疾病116例的临床分析

目的评价胶囊内镜对不同消化道症状并疑似小肠疾病患者的应用价值。方法对我院2010年8月至2012年6月期间进行胶囊内镜检查的116例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 116例患者完成胶囊内镜检查116例,共行116次检查,阳性检出率53.5%(62/116)。共发现小肠病变49例,小肠病变阳性率为42.2%(49/116),其中82例腹痛患者发现小肠病变33例(40.2%),12例腹泻患者发现小肠病变4例(33.3%),17例消化道出血患者发现小肠病变12例(70.6%)。其中炎性病变、隆起性病变最为常见。9例患者胶囊内镜胃内通过迟缓,1例患者胶囊内镜完全停滞于胃内,未至小肠,直至电池耗竭;3例胶囊内镜通过小肠迟缓;胶囊内镜在小肠内运行平均时间为369min。检查过程中患者无任何不适。结论胶囊内镜对不同消化道症状并疑似小肠疾病的就诊患者均有较好的诊断价值,简单、安全,并发症及风险小,依从性好。检查前充分肠道准备可提高检查质量。     

胶囊内镜诊断疑难消化道疾病的价值

目的探讨胶囊内镜在疑难消化道疾病中的诊断价值和安全性。方法对不明原因的消化道出血,腹痛和慢性腹泻患者进行Pillcam胶囊内镜检查,部分患者行传统检查(胃镜、结肠镜和全消化道钡餐)以进行对比分析。结果 135例受检者在胶囊内镜检查过程中无任何不适和并发症,均顺利完成检查,胶囊1~4 d自然排出,食管通过平均时间为2.46 min,胃通过平均时间为37.80 min,小肠通过平均时间为275.82 min,其中3例胶囊未达结肠。所得图像清晰,所检出的疾病包括食管静脉曲张、慢性胃炎、十二指肠溃疡、小肠炎、克罗恩病、血管畸形、息肉和间质瘤等。结论胶囊内镜检查安全,无痛苦,对病变检出率高,定位较准确,对小肠疾病和上消化道病变有较高的诊断价值。     

胶囊内镜临床应用研究

[目的]研究和探讨OMOM胶囊内镜在消化道疾病中的诊断价值,便于更好的临床应用.[方法]回顾性分析2008年5月～2013年4月在宁波市第一医院接受胶囊内镜检查的275例病例资料.[结果]老年组以不明原因消化道出血为检查原因的比例明显高于中青年组,中青年组以腹痛腹泻为检查原因的比例明显高于老年组.不明原因消化道出血的小肠疾病检出率为76.66％,主要疾病为小肠血管病变（47.83％）、小肠黏膜炎症（37.68％）以及小肠息肉、黏膜隆起等其他病变（14.49％）.腹痛腹泻的主要疾病为小肠黏膜炎性病变（63.49％）,小肠息肉等其他病变（20.63％）以及小肠血管病变（15.87％）.贫血的小肠疾病检出率为43.75％,主要疾病为小肠血管病变（57.14％）、小肠黏膜炎症（43.75％）以及小肠息肉等其他病变（28.57％）,其中有2例钩虫病导致贫血.所有受检者耐受良好,胶囊均顺利排出.[结论]胶囊内镜检查操作简单、安全、无创,对小肠疾病诊断特别是不明原因消化道出血的诊断有重要意义.     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Language of CTO interventions – Focus on hardware

The knowledge of variety of chronic total occlusion (CTO) hardware and the ability to use them represents the key to success of any CTO interventions. However, the multiplicity of CTO hardware and their physical character and the terminology used by experts create confusion in the mind of an average interventional cardiologist, particularly a beginner in this field. This knowledge is available but is scattered. We aim to classify and compare the currently used devices based on their properties focusing on how physical character of each device can be utilized in a specific situation, thus clarifying and simplifying the technical discourse.