腰椎间盘突出症合并受累神经根神经鞘膜瘤1例报告

患者女，55岁。于2007年5月23日入院。患者4个月前出现劳累后右下肢放射性疼痛，伴麻木、无力。休息后可完全缓解，无腰痛，大小便正常，未系统诊治。4d前患者从事重体力劳动后上述症状明显加重且左下肢也出现相应症状。双下肢症状交替出现，以右下肢为重，症状持续不缓解．以致影响到睡眠及活动，在当地医院行腰椎CT检查示腰椎间盘突出及椎管内占位．建议手术治疗。     

局麻下经皮椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症术中并发重度呼吸性碱中毒1例

正患者,男,37岁,因"腰背部及左下肢疼痛麻木2个月,加重伴活动受限1周"于2019年3月18日就诊。患者2个月前无明显诱因出现腰背部及左下肢疼痛麻木,以腰骶、左臀及大小腿外侧为著,久站久坐时疼痛麻木明显加重,卧位休息缓解不明显,至疼痛科就诊,行腰椎MRI检查提示:L5S1椎间盘突出,行射频消融术及相关疼痛疗法治疗后患者症状明显缓解,好转出院,出院后2 d,患者症状再次发作,但能够耐受。1周前患者腰腿痛症状明显加重,     

腰椎后路内固定术后2次急性症状性硬膜外血肿1例

<正>患者,男,62岁,自诉“腰痛伴右下肢疼痛麻木3个月,加重15 d”,于2021年9月18日以“腰椎椎管狭窄”收住入院。患者自诉3个月前因过度劳累后出现腰部疼痛伴右下肢疼痛麻木,于当地医院行针刺、药物镇痛等保守治疗后上述症状稍有缓解。入院前15 d上述疼痛症状加重,并出现行走困难等不适,余无特殊。     

骶骨骨纤维结构不良一例报告

患者男,18岁,因"劳累后腰痛4年,加重伴左下肢放射痛1个月"入院.4年前,患者劳累后出现腰痛,休息l周后症状缓解,此后上述症状反复发作,休息后均自行缓解.1个月前患者再次出现劳累后腰痛并伴左臀及左下肢后方放射痛,不伴左下肢感觉异常.行腰骶部按摩后症状缓解不明显,腰椎CT示左骶部肿物,为进一步诊治于我院就诊.患者既往无外伤史.     

腰椎管内血管瘤个案报告

<正>1临床病例患者男,17岁,系"右腰腿痛4月余"于2014-01-08入院。患者自述4月前无明显诱因下出现右腰部伴右下肢后外侧疼痛,卧床后好转,于当地医院就诊,按"腰椎间盘突出症"给予牵引、推拿等治疗后,症状缓解,后复发加重,随来我院以求进一步治疗,门诊检查腰椎MRI提示腰4-5间隙右下方见一囊性占位,腰4-5间隙变窄,入院治疗。病程中大小便正常。查体:腰椎生理曲度存     

布鲁氏杆菌性脊柱炎伴硬膜外脓肿形成1例

正患者,男,43岁,农民,因双下肢麻木无力进行性加重2 d入院。患者3~4个月前出现间断性发热,最高达40℃并有胸背部及双侧胁肋部疼痛,在村卫生室静滴抗生素治疗(具体不详)发热得以控制。入院前2 d晨起突然出现左下肢麻木无力,伴小便费力。入院前1 d出现右下肢麻木无力,并出现小便困难。入院时症见:胸背部疼痛,并伴有双下肢麻木无     

腰骶椎管内炎性假瘤1例报告

椎管内炎性假瘤罕见,且易误诊误治.国外曾报道1例孕妇颈椎管内炎性假瘤病变因伴颈脊髓受压而被误诊为硬膜外血肿[1].我院于2011年2月13日收治1例腰骶椎管内炎性假瘤患者,报告如下. 患者女,62岁,因"间断腰痛5年、加重伴右下肢放射痛1月余"入院.5年前无诱因出现间断性腰痛,劳累或受凉后加重,每年发作2～3次,每次持续约1～2个月,休息可缓解.2年前曾查腰椎X线片示腰椎骨质增生,考虑"慢性腰肌劳损",保守治疗效果不理想.近1年腰痛频繁,持续时间长,以夜间疼痛为重.入院前1个月出现右下肢后外侧放射性疼痛,以大腿及小腿后外侧为重,伴右足背外侧及足趾麻木,行走受限,门诊以"腰椎间盘突出症"收入院.     

多发内生软骨瘤病1例

正患者,男,43岁,主因右膝关节疼痛伴活动受限10年加重1个月入院。患者10年前无明显诱因出现右膝关节疼痛,程度轻微,活动后略加重,后疼痛逐渐加重并出现右下肢活动障碍,自服止痛药物(具体药物及剂量不详)缓解疼痛,尚未影响正常生活,未予特殊治疗。1个月前,右膝关节疼痛加重,遂来我院就诊。患者既往体健,无外伤及手术史,入院查体:患者右下肢全长80 cm,较左下肢短缩7 cm,右     

单发腰椎管内硬膜下肺癌转移瘤1例报告并文献复习

正恶性肿瘤的脊柱转移多位于椎体,而椎管内的转移瘤少见,且绝大多数发生在硬膜外,发生于硬膜下髓外的情况罕见~([1]),且易被误诊为椎管内神经源性肿瘤。我院脊柱外科收治1例单发腰椎管内硬膜下肺癌转移瘤患者并行手术治疗,报告如下。患者男,61岁,因"右侧腰腿痛4个月,加重1个月"于2016年11月29日入院。患者入院前4个月无明显诱因出现右侧腰背痛,向右下肢放射,休息后能缓解。1个月前开始右下肢疼痛明显加重,伴麻木感,不能久站,平卧不     

全腰椎间盘突出合并椎管狭窄1例报告

1　病例介绍患者 ,女 ,70岁。因腰痛伴右下肢放射痛 2年 ,加重 2个月 ,于 2 0 0 1年 3月19日入院。 2年前无明显诱因出现腰部疼痛 ,劳累后症状加重。 3个月后出现右侧臀部及右下肢放射痛 ,伴有大腿及小腿外侧感觉麻木。 2个月前上述症状明显加重 ,并右下肢无力不能站 ,在他人挽     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Is the recovery profile of mivacurium independent of the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with normal plasma cholinesterase activity?

Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg^?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg^?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg^?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.     

Membranes in Artificial Organs

Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Dilemma of Membrane Biocompatibility and Reuse

Abstract: Numerous articles have been published on the multiple use of dialyzers and on the effect of different reprocessing chemicals and techniques on the dialyzer biocompatibility and performance. The results often appear contradictory, especially those comparing standard biocompatibility parameters. Despite this confusion, a discerning review of the published works allows certain limited conclusions to be drawn. Reprocessing of used hemodialyzers changes the biocompatibility profile of a dialyzer as defined by the parameters complement activation. leukopenia, and cytokine release. The effect of reprocessing depends on the chemicals and reprocessing technique applied and also on the type of membrane polymer being subjected to the reprocessing procedure. Reports of pyrogenic reactions indicate that the flux of the membrane also influences how suitable it is for safe reuse. An increased risk of allergic and pyrogenic reactions appears to be associated with dialyzer reuse. Furthermore, there has been a lack of investigations into the immunologic effect of the layer of adsorbed and chemically altered proteins that remains on the inner surface of reprocessed dialyzers. We conclude that the clinical benefit of dialyzer reuse cannot be generally accepted from a biocompatibility point of view.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.