肝炎患者血清HCV—RNA与抗-HCV检测的相关性研究

目的：探讨抗-HCV与HCV—RNA及ALT的相关性及临床应用价值。方法：ELISA方法检测抗-HCV,实时荧光定量PCR检测HCV—RNA。结果：检测可疑HCV感染者200例,其中152例抗-HCV阳性．124例HCV—RNA阳性。HCV—RNA阳性患者中抗-HCV的阳性率显著高于抗-HCV阳性患者中HCV-RNA的阳性率（P〈0．05）。ALT水平与HCV病毒载量呈正相关（r=0．996,P〈0．01）。结论：同时检测抗-HCV和HCV-RNA可提高HCV感染诊断的阳性率,检测HCV-RNA及ALT对抗病毒治疗的疗效评价及治疗时间有重要意义。     

丙型肝炎核心抗原与丙型肝炎抗体联合检测的临床分析

目的了解丙型肝炎核心抗原（HCV-cAg）和丙肝抗体检测在丙型肝炎（简称丙肝）诊疗中的作用。方法采用ELISA试剂盒对安阳市中医院2012年10月至2013年4月期间512例健康体检者和968例住院患者进行HCV-cAg和丙肝抗体（抗．HCV）联合检测,HCV-cAg阳性标本用PCR荧光定量法检测HCV-RNA确认。结果512例健康体检者6例（1．17％）抗-HCV阳性,O例HCV-cAg阳性;968例住院患者15例（1．5％）抗-HCV阳性,7例（0．7％）HCV-cAg阳性,HCV-RNA确认5例,二者符合率为71．4％。结论HCV-cAg较抗-HCV的检测将丙肝病毒感染的／窗口期提前了,是HCV的早期诊断指标,HCV-cAg与抗-HCV联合检测有助于提高HCV的诊断率,对于HCV筛查有重要意义,是有效防范丙肝传播的重要手段,临床意义重大。     

丙型肝炎患者血清HCV-RNA载量与抗-HCV及丙氨酸氨基转移酶联合检测的意义

目的:探讨丙型肝炎患者血清HCV-RNA载量与抗-HCV及丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)浓度的关系。方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测HCV-RNA载量,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测抗-HCV,全自动生化分析仪连续监测法测定ALT活性浓度。结果:289例丙型肝炎患者的血清标本中,抗-HCV均为阳性,282份标本HCV-RNA均高于检测上限(1 000IU/mL),两种检测方法的符合率为97.6%。ALT异常率随着HCV-RNA载量的增高而升高。HCV-RNA载量与ALT异常率呈正相关(r=0.968,P<0.05)。而ALT浓度变化与HCV-RNA载量并无相关性(r=0.028,P>0.05)。结论:HCV-RNA载量与抗-HCV检测是诊断HCV感染的重要指标,HCV-RNA载量是反映HCV复制的可靠指标,结合丙氨酸氨基转移酶测定,可以帮助临床了解HCV在体内复制的状况及肝脏的损伤情况,为临床诊断HCV感染和评价抗HCV治疗效果提供可靠依据。     

某地区丙型肝炎疫情患者检测基线结果评价和分析

目的：对2011年下半年涡阳县丹城镇所爆发的丙肝疫情区的人群各项丙肝指标检测结果进行分析,观察其对局部性的丙肝疫情爆发的检测所能给出的指导意义。方法对来自疫情区的人群（共9389人）分别检查谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和抗-HCV（ELISA法）。ALT测值异常（〉40U/L）人群或抗-HCV检测为阳性的人群,再采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反映（FQ-PCR）技术对丙型肝炎病毒核酸（HCV-RNA）进行定量检测。结果 ALT测值异常（〉40U/L）一共有405人,抗-HCV阳性为330人,共计562人。在这些异常的人群中采用实时荧光定量技术检测HCV-RNA,结果〉1000 copies/ml（阳性）共计139人。本院在疫情区的后期随访过程中,经PCR法检测HCV-RNA,新增确诊患者55例。结论局部性爆发丙肝疫情时,应遵守及早发现,及早介入治疗的原则。结合当前临床常用检查方法,建议疫情区基层医院早期筛查项目是检测ALT、HCV-cAg和抗-HCV（ELISA法）,然后针对初筛结果异常人群再运用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测血清HCV-RNA进行确诊。ALT、HCV-cAg和抗-HCV结果正常的高危人群,建议每年应进行一至两次HCV健康筛查。     

HCV-RNA抗-HCV和ALT联合检测在丙肝中诊断的应用

目的探讨丙肝(抗-HCV)阳性人群中,其丙型肝炎病毒核酸(HCV RNA)含量与丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)的关系。方法采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)技术检测222例丙型肝炎病毒感染者血清HCV RNA含量,采用酶联免疫法检测抗-HCV,采用酶法检测其ALT水平。结果 222例抗-HCV阳性标本中135例HCV RNA阳性(>500拷贝/ml),阳性率为60·8%,120份标本ALT异常(>40U/L),异常率为54%,ALT水平及异常率随HCV RNA含量的升高而增加。结论 ALT水平及异常率与HCV RNA之间呈正相关,提示ALT水平可间接反映HCV在肝脏的复制程度,HCV-RNA含量与抗-HCV同时检测可以提高临床对丙型肝炎的诊断,HCV-RNA是反映HCV复制的可靠指标,结合ALT生化指标结果可帮助临床了解HCV在体内的复制状况。     

抗-HCV（OD／CO）值与HCV—RNA阳性率及载量深析

目的分析不同的抗-HCV（OD／CO）值与HCV—RNA阳性率及载量之间的相关性。方法采用ELISA法和RT—PCR法对137例丙型肝炎患者的血清进行抗-HCV与HCV—RNA检测。结果137例丙肝患者中抗-HCV（OD／CO）值≥1,HCV—RNA（＋）有95例,阳性率为69．3％,HCV—RNA阳性率及载量随抗-HCV（OD／CO）值的增大而增高。结论抗-HCV（OD／CO）值与HCV—RNA阳性率及载量呈正相关性,二者联合检测,可提高检出率。     

258例血清中抗-HCV阳性联合HCV-RNA定量检测结果分析

目的探讨丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗-HCV）和丙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸（HCV-RNA）定量联合检测结果对丙型肝炎确诊的临床意义。方法对258例ELISA法检测的血清抗-HCV阳性丙型肝炎（HC）患者,同时采用PCR-荧光探针法检测其HCV-RNA含量。结果 258例抗-HCV阳性丙型肝炎患者中HCV-RNA阴性92例,占35.66%;17例HCV-RNA弱阳性,占6.59%;HCV-RNA阳性149例,即57.75%的HC患者存在病毒血症。结论 ELISA法联合检测抗-HCV和HCV-RNA有助于丙型肝炎确诊病毒血症以及监控HCV的感染,并及时进行抗病毒治疗。     

丙肝抗体阳性者血清中HCV-RNA的检测与分析

目的 探讨丙肝抗体阳性者血清中HCV-RNA的阳性率,为临床诊断、治疗HCV感染提供依据.方法 采用荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（FQ-RT-PCR）对33例丙肝抗体阳性患者进行丙型肝炎病毒检测.结果 33例丙肝抗体阳性患者中,22例HCV-RNA阳性,阳性率为66.67%.结论 抗-HCV和HCV-RNA的联合检测,对于丙型肝炎的诊断及治疗具有重要的实用价值及临床意义.     

吉林地区丙型肝炎病毒基因分型及临床意义的研究

目的了解吉林地区HCV基因分型情况,为HCV感染者的诊断和治疗提供重要的科学依据。方法荧光定量RT-PCR检测165例抗-HCV阳性血清标本,并对153例HCV-RNA阳性的血清标本应用基因芯片法进行HCV基因分型。结果 153例阳性标本中HCV1b型85例,HCV2a型63例,HCV1b/2a混合型5例。结论吉林地区HCV基因型主要为1b型,2a型次之,同时存在HCV1b/2a混合型。     

HCV RNA检测与血清病毒学的关系及临床意义分析

目的：探讨丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）RNA检测在HCV单独感染和HCV、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）合并感染中的临床意义。方法：对129例HCV感染者检测抗-HCV、HCVRNA和总胆红素（TBiL）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）．并对其中的HCV、HBV合并感染（HBV＋HCV组，27例）和HBV单独感染患者（HBV组，50例）检测HBVDNA。结果：129例HCV感染患者中，抗-HCV和HCVRNA同时阳性者占68．2％，抗-HCV阳性而HCVRNA阴性者占27．9％。抗-HCV阴性而HCVRNA阳性者占3．9％。肝硬化和肝癌组的HCVRNA阳性率84．2％（32／38）较慢性肝炎组的67．0％（61／91）升高（P〈0．05）。ALT和（或）TBiL均异常的HCV患者HCVRNA阳性率79．8％（71／89）较ALT和TBiL均正常者的55．0％（22／40）升高（X^2=8．42，P〈0．01）。在HCV和HBV合并感染组，HCVRNA阳性率55．6％（15／27）低于单纯HCV感染组的76．5％（78／102），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），HBVDNA的阳性率29．6％（8／27）低于单纯HBV感染组的76．0％（38／50），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：在HCVRNA检测的同时，结合多项血清病毒学和一些生化相关指标分析，对HCV感染的临床诊治有重要的指导意义。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.