HPLC法测定冠脉宁片中原儿茶醛的含量

目的 :建立高效液相色谱法测定冠脉宁片中原儿茶醛的含量。方法 :采用 Shim- pack clc- ODS( M)色谱柱 ( 4 .6mm× 2 5 0 mm,5 μm) ,甲醇 - 0 .2 5 %冰醋酸 ( 2 0∶ 80 )为流动相 ,流速为 0 .8ml/ min,检测波长为 2 80 nm。结果 :原儿茶醛进样量为 0 .10 0～ 0 .6 0 0 μg范围内呈良好的线性关系 ( r=0 .9994 ) ,平均回收率为 98.4 % ,RSD=1.6 % ( n=6 )。结论 :本法简便、准确、重复性好 ,可用于该制剂的质量控制     

HPLC法测定乳块消片中原儿茶醛含量

采用高效液相色谱法 ,以十八烷基硅烷键合的硅胶为固定相 ,甲醇 - 0 .0 5mol/ L磷酸氢二钠缓冲液 (2 0∶80 )为流动相 ,检测波长 2 30 nm,测定乳块消片中原儿茶醛含量 ;平均回收率 (n =6) 99.0 % ,RSD =1 .37%。     

薄层扫描法测定调经益母片中原儿茶醛的含量

目的　建立薄层扫描法测定调经益母片中原儿茶醛的含量。方法　双波长反射法锯齿扫描 ,λS=4 0 0nm,λR=70 0 nm;狭缝宽度 :0 .4 mm× 5 .0 mm;灵敏度 :中 ;展开剂 :氯仿 -丙酮 -甲酸 (8∶ 1∶ 1)。结果　原儿茶醛的标准曲线线性范围 0 .4 0～ 4 .0 g· L-1(r =0 .9992 ) ;平均回收率为 97.92 % ,RSD为 1.5 6 % (n= 5 )。结论　方法简便、易行 ,可用于调经益母片的质量控制。     

HPLC测定骨舒灵颗粒中原儿茶醛的含量

目的 建立测定骨舒灵颗粒中原儿茶醛含量的高效液相色谱法.方法 采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱XTerra(R) RP185 μm(4.6 mm×250 mm),流动相:甲醇-1%冰醋酸溶液(10:90),检测波长:280 nm,流速:1.0 ml/min.结果 原儿茶醛在0.34～3.4 μg的范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9994,原儿茶醛平均加样回收率为98.08%,RSD为1.2%,n=6.结论 该方法准确,灵敏度高,重复性好,能用于骨舒灵颗粒的质量控制.     

HPLC法同时测定参芎葡萄糖注射液中丹参素、原儿茶醛和盐酸川芎嗪的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法同时测定参芎葡萄糖注射液中丹参素、原儿茶醛和盐酸川芎嗪的含量.方法 采用高效液相色谱法,Thermo HypersiL Gold C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)色谱柱;以乙腈-0.2%冰醋酸为流动相进行梯度洗脱;流速:1.0 mL·min-1;进样量:10 μL;检测波长:0~20 min为281 nm,20~45 min为300 nm;柱温:30 ℃.结果 丹参素、原儿茶醛和盐酸川芎嗪进样量分别在0.042 24~1.056 μg(r=0.999 9)、0.005 12~0.128 0 μg(r=0.999 9)和0.201 6~5.040 μg(r=0.999 9)范围内线性关系良好;加样回收率(n=9)分别为97.3%、99.2%、101.4%.结论 建立的方法准确、简便,可用于参芎葡萄糖注射液的质量控制.     

HPLC法测定舒心胶囊中原儿茶醛含量

目的　建立舒心胶囊的含量测定方法。方法　采用 HPLC法测定舒心胶囊中原儿茶醛含量。流动相为甲醇 -水 -冰醋酸 (5∶ 1 1 0∶ 1 ) ,检测波长 2 80 nm,原儿茶醛保留时间 2 0 min。结果　原儿茶醛平均回收率95 .49% ,RSD为 1 .2 %。结论　本方法准确、可靠 ,可作为该制剂的质量控制指标之一     

RP-HPLC法同时测定榕树须中原儿茶酸、对羟基苯甲酸和原儿茶醛的含量

目的建立同时测定榕树须中原儿茶酸、对羟基苯甲酸和原儿茶醛含量的方法。方法采用反相高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Shimadzu CAPCELL PAK-C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-体积分数0.1%甲酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 mL·min-1;检测波长为270 nm;柱温为35℃。结果原儿茶酸、对羟基苯甲酸和原儿茶醛质量浓度分别在10.40²08.0 mg·L-1、5.81208.0 mg·L-1、5.81¹16 mg·L-1和4.50116 mg·L-1和4.50⁹0.0 mg·L-1内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r≥0.999 7,n=5)。加样回收率分别为97.2%、98.6%和98.8%(RSD≤2.7%,n=9)。结论该方法可作为榕树须中原儿茶酸、对羟基苯甲酸和原儿茶醛的含量测定方法,为其质量控制提供参考依据。     

HPLC法测定复聪香液中原儿茶醛的含量

目的建立了复聪香液中原儿茶醛含量测定的方法.方法用HPLC法测定复聪香液中原儿茶醛的含量,用Shim-pack VP-ODS(4.6×250 mm)柱,以甲醇-0.5%醋酸溶液(15∶85)为流动相进行含量测定.结果原儿茶醛在4.16～20.8μg/ml范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999).平均回收率为101.08%,RSD=1.33%(n=6). 结论该方法准确、灵敏、重现性好.     

高效液相色谱法测定香丹注射液中丹参素和原儿茶醛的含量

目的 　建立反相高效液相色谱法测定香丹注射液中丹参素和原儿茶醛的含量。方法 　以对羟基苯甲酸为内标 ,色谱柱 :ALL TECH ODS柱 (2 5 0× 4.6mm,5μm) ;流动相 :水 -乙腈 -冰醋酸 ;流速 :1.2 ml· min- 1 ;检测波长 :2 81nm。 结果 　丹参素加样回收率为 97.65 %～ 10 0 .10 % ,RSD为 0 .7%～ 1.2 % ;原儿茶醛加样回收率为 97.5 6%～ 10 0 .3 0 % ,RSD为 1.0 %～ 1.6% ,(n=5 )。结论 　实验结果表明 ,该方法操作简便 ,重现性好 ,可作为样品的检测方法。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定舒乳消痛口服液中原儿茶酸和原儿茶醛的含量

目的:建立舒乳消痛口服液中原儿茶酸、原儿茶醛的高效液相色谱测定方法.方法:采用Shim-pack CLC-ODS柱,流动相:甲醇-水-冰醋酸(40:96:0.25),检测波长:280 nm.结果:原儿茶酸线性范围为20.0～100.0 mg·L-1,平均加样回收率98.97%;RSD为1.24%(n=5).原儿茶醛线性范围为6.0～30.0 mg·L-1,平均加样回收率为96.75%;RSD为0.94%(n=5).结论:实验方法简便,结果准确,可用于该制剂的质量控制.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.