265例胃肠道间叶源性肿瘤的临床病理特征及超声内镜诊断价值

目的探讨胃肠道间叶源性肿瘤（gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumor,GIMT）的临床病理特征及超声内镜（edoscopic ultrasonography,EUS）的诊断价值.方法观察265例GIMT病理特征并检测CD117、CD34、平滑肌肌动蛋白（SMA）、S-100、Ki-67等抗体的表达情况,确诊后回顾其中32例术前EUS检查结果.结果 265例GIMT中胃肠道间质瘤（gastrointestinal stromal tumor,GIST）146例,平滑肌（肉）瘤（leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma）113例,神经源性肿瘤6例.免疫组化结果：GIST以CD117阳性132/146（90.4%）和CD34阳性109/146（74.7%）为主,SMA和S-100分别在平滑肌（肉）瘤和神经鞘膜瘤中强阳性表达,9例GIST中7例Ki-67阳性且伴较多有丝分裂,病理诊断为交界性或恶性GIST.交界性、恶性GIST多见于男性患者.EUS对GIST、平滑肌瘤的定位准确率为96.9%,诊断准确率84.4%,良恶性鉴别准确率71.9%.结论 GIMT主要为GIST.形态上类似的GIST与平滑肌瘤及神经鞘膜瘤区别可用CD117、CD34、SMA、S-100等多种免疫组化标记物.联用Ki-67表达和有丝分裂数判断间质瘤的良恶性的敏感性、特异性高.EUS对于GIMT的诊断及良恶性鉴别有一定的应用价值,结合EUS引导下细针穿刺（EUS-FNA）活检是未来的诊断选择.     

下消化道间叶源性肿瘤CT仿真内镜与病理的对照研究

目的 观察下消化道问叶源性肿瘤(GIMTs)的病理及免疫组化特点,对照研究其与CT仿真内镜(CTVE)诊断之间的关系,评价CTVE在下消化道GIMTs中的诊断价值.方法 收集74例下消化道GIMTs患者的手术病理标本,采用光镜观察其病理特点及良恶性状况,免疫组化法检测其CD117、CD34、α-平滑肌抗体(SMA)及S-100蛋白的表达,并与术前CTVE判定的病变部位及良恶性结果进行对照研究.结果 经病理及免疫组化检查,40例(54.1%)诊断为胃肠道间质瘤(GIST),其中恶性间质瘤16例(40%);33例(44.6%)诊断为平滑肌瘤;1例(1.4%)诊断为神经鞘瘤.发病部位位于空肠33例,回肠21例,大肠20例.免疫组化:CD117阳性38例,占51.4%;CD34阳性27例,占36.5%;SMA阳性46例,占62.2%,S-100阳性1例(1.4%).CTVE对病变部位准确定位69例(93.2%).其中大肠准确定位18例,符合率90.0%;空回肠准确定位51例,符合率94.4%.CTVE判断良恶性GIST的敏感性为84.2%,特异性为85.7%.结论 GIST是下消化道最常见的GIMTs,发病部位以小肠居多.CTVE能准确显示肿瘤的部位、形态、大小,可术前准确定位GIMTs,对其良恶性判断具有较高的敏感性和特异性,可为术前制定合理手术方案和治疗策略提供重要依据.     

下消化道间叶源性肿瘤CT仿真内镜与病理的对照研究

目的 观察下消化道问叶源性肿瘤(GIMTs)的病理及免疫组化特点,对照研究其与CT仿真内镜(CTVE)诊断之间的关系,评价CTVE在下消化道GIMTs中的诊断价值.方法 收集74例下消化道GIMTs患者的手术病理标本,采用光镜观察其病理特点及良恶性状况,免疫组化法检测其CD117、CD34、α-平滑肌抗体(SMA)及S-100蛋白的表达,并与术前CTVE判定的病变部位及良恶性结果进行对照研究.结果 经病理及免疫组化检查,40例(54.1%)诊断为胃肠道间质瘤(GIST),其中恶性间质瘤16例(40%);33例(44.6%)诊断为平滑肌瘤;1例(1.4%)诊断为神经鞘瘤.发病部位位于空肠33例,回肠21例,大肠20例.免疫组化:CD117阳性38例,占51.4%;CD34阳性27例,占36.5%;SMA阳性46例,占62.2%,S-100阳性1例(1.4%).CTVE对病变部位准确定位69例(93.2%).其中大肠准确定位18例,符合率90.0%;空回肠准确定位51例,符合率94.4%.CTVE判断良恶性GIST的敏感性为84.2%,特异性为85.7%.结论 GIST是下消化道最常见的GIMTs,发病部位以小肠居多.CTVE能准确显示肿瘤的部位、形态、大小,可术前准确定位GIMTs,对其良恶性判断具有较高的敏感性和特异性,可为术前制定合理手术方案和治疗策略提供重要依据.     

53例胃肠道间叶性肿瘤内镜特点及病理研究

目的 观察53例胃肠道间叶性肿瘤的内镜和病理特点,加强对间叶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断.方法 收集53例胃肠道间叶性肿瘤患者的影像、病理资料,并完成CD117、CD34、SMA和Desmin的免疫组化检查,分析胃肠道间叶性肿瘤的临床、内镜、病理和免疫组化特征.结果 间质瘤和平滑肌源性肿瘤在内镜超声中有一定的影像学特点;胃和食管发生间质瘤和平滑肌瘤比例高于消化道其他部位,分别为64.71%和68.42%;间质瘤中CD117和CD34为弥漫性阳性表达,SMA和Desmin阳性表达率较低,但在小肠病例中SMA表达较CD34高;平滑肌源性肿瘤中SMA和Desmin呈弥漫阳性表达,而CD117和CD34的表达显著低于间质瘤;同时根据相关性分析证实,Desmin阴性对间质瘤的诊断意义增强,CD117和CD34阴性有利于平滑肌瘤的诊断.结论 内镜超声检查结合CD117、CD34、SMA和Desmin的联合检测可以提高对梭状细胞形态的间叶性肿瘤的诊断准确性.     

下消化道间叶源性肿瘤CT仿真内镜与病理的对照研究

目的 观察下消化道问叶源性肿瘤(GIMTs)的病理及免疫组化特点,对照研究其与CT仿真内镜(CTVE)诊断之间的关系,评价CTVE在下消化道GIMTs中的诊断价值.方法 收集74例下消化道GIMTs患者的手术病理标本,采用光镜观察其病理特点及良恶性状况,免疫组化法检测其CD117、CD34、α-平滑肌抗体(SMA)及S-100蛋白的表达,并与术前CTVE判定的病变部位及良恶性结果进行对照研究.结果 经病理及免疫组化检查,40例(54.1%)诊断为胃肠道间质瘤(GIST),其中恶性间质瘤16例(40%);33例(44.6%)诊断为平滑肌瘤;1例(1.4%)诊断为神经鞘瘤.发病部位位于空肠33例,回肠21例,大肠20例.免疫组化:CD117阳性38例,占51.4%;CD34阳性27例,占36.5%;SMA阳性46例,占62.2%,S-100阳性1例(1.4%).CTVE对病变部位准确定位69例(93.2%).其中大肠准确定位18例,符合率90.0%;空回肠准确定位51例,符合率94.4%.CTVE判断良恶性GIST的敏感性为84.2%,特异性为85.7%.结论 GIST是下消化道最常见的GIMTs,发病部位以小肠居多.CTVE能准确显示肿瘤的部位、形态、大小,可术前准确定位GIMTs,对其良恶性判断具有较高的敏感性和特异性,可为术前制定合理手术方案和治疗策略提供重要依据.     

66例胃肠道间叶源性肿瘤临床和病理特征分析

背景：胃肠道间质瘤(GISTs)是发生于胃肠道的一种特殊类型的间叶源性肿瘤，具有从良性到显著恶性的广谱生物学行为．其特征性分子学改变是c—kit基因突变，其他胃肠道间叶源性肿瘤(GIMTs)则无此特征。因此，有必要正确认识和诊断GISTs．以将其与其他GIMTs区分开来。目的：加强对GISTs的认识，以正确诊断GISTs。方法：总结1980—2004年间杨浦区中心医院GIMTs病例的病史资料，选用CD117、CD34、α-平滑肌抗体(SMA)、结蛋白(desmin)和S-100这一组抗体对GIMTs进行标记、分类，重点分析GISTs的临床、病理和免疫组化特征。结果：本组66例GIMTs中56例为GISTs(84．8％)，肿瘤多发生于胃和小肠(91．1％)，良性和交界性29例，恶性27例，临床表现主要为中上腹不适、腹部包块和消化道出血。间质瘤组织由梭形细胞和上皮样细胞组成，CD117和CD34呈弥漫性强表达，阳性率分别为89．3％和66．1％．部分病例局灶表达α-SMA和S-100，阳性率分别为30．4％和7．1％，desmin表达均阴性。平滑肌瘤3例，均弥漫性强表达α-SMA和desmin，余阴性。神经鞘瘤4例，均弥漫性表达S-100，余阴性。其他少见或难以分类的肿瘤3例。结论：本组GIMTs中以GISTs最为多见，平滑肌瘤和神经鞘瘤少见。临床丁作中应加强对GISTs临床和病理特征的认识，以提高其诊断和治疗水平。     

胃肠道间质瘤的光镜电镜观察

目的为探讨胃肠道间质瘤的组织来源和电镜检查的诊断价值.方法应用光镜、电镜和免疫组织化学方法,检测分析16例胃肠道间质瘤的肿瘤分化形态特征和免疫表达.结果16例间质瘤电镜观察可见各种分化的特征性超微结构SF(skeinoidfibers,SF)神经内分泌颗粒、Luse小体(长间距胶原)、微管、突触样结构及平滑肌特征性结构,显示平滑肌瘤、神经鞘瘤和神经源性的特征性结构,免疫组织化学染色显示16例间质瘤S-100蛋白、SMA和CD34阳性率分别为81.3%,87.5%和87.5%;SMA,S-100和CD34均阳性9例(56.3%),SMA和S-100阳性11例(68.8%),SMA和CD34阳性12例(75%),CD34阴性而S-100,SMA阳性2例(56.3%).超微结构和免疫组织化学呈多向分化和混合表达.结论提示胃肠道间质瘤起源与原始间叶细胞有关,而小肠间质瘤则大多数为神经源性肿瘤,电镜检查与光镜、免疫组织化学结合,对诊断和预后有辅助作用.     

食管梭形细胞肿瘤的临床病理和免疫组织化学特征

目的 探讨食管梭形细胞肿瘤的临床病理表现和免疫组织化学特征以及免疫组织化学染色在食管梭形细胞肿瘤中的诊断和鉴别诊断意义.方法 68例内镜及手术切除标本常规石蜡切片和免疫组织化学EnVision两步法染色.结果 光镜下全部病例组织形态均呈平滑肌瘤表现,免疫组织化学染色显示程度不等的SMA阳性,64例CD 117阴性,4例局部阳性,MCT阳性细胞存在于平滑肌瘤中而间质瘤内缺乏.结论 食管梭形细胞肿瘤中以平滑肌瘤最为常见,缺乏典型间质瘤的免疫表型.CD 117、SMA和MCT的染色有助于平滑肌瘤与间质瘤的鉴别诊断.     

下消化道间叶源性肿瘤CT仿真内镜与病理的对照研究

目的 观察下消化道问叶源性肿瘤(GIMTs)的病理及免疫组化特点,对照研究其与CT仿真内镜(CTVE)诊断之间的关系,评价CTVE在下消化道GIMTs中的诊断价值.方法 收集74例下消化道GIMTs患者的手术病理标本,采用光镜观察其病理特点及良恶性状况,免疫组化法检测其CD117、CD34、α-平滑肌抗体(SMA)及S-100蛋白的表达,并与术前CTVE判定的病变部位及良恶性结果进行对照研究.结果 经病理及免疫组化检查,40例(54.1%)诊断为胃肠道间质瘤(GIST),其中恶性间质瘤16例(40%);33例(44.6%)诊断为平滑肌瘤;1例(1.4%)诊断为神经鞘瘤.发病部位位于空肠33例,回肠21例,大肠20例.免疫组化:CD117阳性38例,占51.4%;CD34阳性27例,占36.5%;SMA阳性46例,占62.2%,S-100阳性1例(1.4%).CTVE对病变部位准确定位69例(93.2%).其中大肠准确定位18例,符合率90.0%;空回肠准确定位51例,符合率94.4%.CTVE判断良恶性GIST的敏感性为84.2%,特异性为85.7%.结论 GIST是下消化道最常见的GIMTs,发病部位以小肠居多.CTVE能准确显示肿瘤的部位、形态、大小,可术前准确定位GIMTs,对其良恶性判断具有较高的敏感性和特异性,可为术前制定合理手术方案和治疗策略提供重要依据.

Abstract：

Objective To study the pathological and immunohistochemical features of alimentary tract mesenchymal tumors and compare with computed tomographic virtue endoscopy (CTVE) imaging technology to evaluate the diagnostic value of CTVE in alimentary tract mesenchymal tumors. Methods Seventy-four pathological specimens of alimentary tract mesenchymal tumors were collected. The pathological features and the expression of CD117, CD34, SMA and S-100 were observed by immunohistochemical method with light microscope. The pathological types and characteristics were determined by pathologists and compared with CTVE imaging technology. Results In the 74 cases of alimentary tract mesenchymal tumors,40 cases were diagnosed as stromal tumor with pathological and immunohistochemical methods (54. 1%).Sixteen of them were malignant, accounting for 40% of the stromal tumor while 33 cases were diagnosed as leiomyoma(44. 6%)and 1 case as schwannoma(1.4%) . In the 74 GIMTs cases ,33 were jejunum GIMTs,21 were ileum GIMTs and 20 were large intestine GIMTs. Immunohistochemistry assay in the 74 GIMTs cases showed that 51.4% GIMTs were positive for CD117, approximately 36. 5% were positive for CD34 , 62.2% were positive for smooth-muscle actin (SMA) and 1. 4% were positive for S-100 protein. In the 74 GIMTs cases,69 cases were diagnosed right in the accuracy for location with CTVE(93. 2%) with 51 cases in small intestinal (94. 4%) and 18 cases in large intestinal (90. 0%). The sensitivity and the specificity of CTVE to distinguish benign from malignant stromal tumors by CTVE characteristics were 84. 2% and 85. 7%respectively. Conclusions GIST is common in GIMTs and is often originated from the small intestinal. The immunohistochemistry has great value in diagnosing alimentary tract mesenchymal tumors. The CTVE imaging technology also has great value in diagnosing alimentary tract mesenchymal tumors which can show the localization, shape size and artery of the tumor clearly. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of CTVE are high to distinguish benign from malignant alimentary tract GISTs. CTVE plays an important role in guiding the clinical management of GISTs.     

胃肠道间质瘤的免疫表型研究

目的研究胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的免疫表型,探讨各种免疫表型与肿瘤部位、病理形态及良恶性的关系.方法复习南京军区总医院病理科近十年的胃肠道间质瘤共57例的临床病理资料及HE切片,采用多种单克隆抗体,用S-P免疫组化染色法,对每一例的石蜡切片做了免疫组化染色.结果肿瘤位于胃26例,小肠28例,结肠3例;良性GIST28例,恶性GIST26例,交界性GIST3例;免疫组化染色结果示,95%的病例均表达波形蛋白,表达肌源性标记物者(SMA或Des)26例,表达神经源性标记物者(S-100蛋白)18例,表达CD34者49例,其中同时表达CD34及SMA和(或)S-100蛋白者34例;胃间质瘤和肠间质瘤的肌源性标记物的阳性率相似,均为46%左右,良性和恶性GIST之间,肌源性标记亦无差异;S-100蛋白的阳性率,胃者仅12%,小肠为43%,大肠则达100%,而良性与恶性(交界性)之间则无明显差别,分别为32%和35%;CD34的表达率,胃和小肠GIST分别达92%和89%,良性与恶性(交界性)之间也无差异结论GIST是一种免疫表型分化不定的肿瘤,可向平滑肌、神经分化,或二者兼有之,也可为未分化(即仅表达CD34);肠道GIST较多出现神经分化,免疫组化标记对区分良恶性无帮助,CD34阳性有助于区别间质瘤和真正的平滑肌瘤或神经鞘瘤.     

胃间质瘤的内镜、病理和免疫组织化学特征

目的探讨胃间质瘤的内镜、病理和免疫组织化学特征。方法对外科手术切除的胃肿瘤标本用显微镜作初步观察，拟诊为间叶性肿瘤者再检查CD117、CD34、波形蛋白、结蛋白等抗原标记物。复习胃间质瘤患者术前临床资料，了解其内镜和临床特征。结果33例胃间叶肿瘤中，间质瘤28例。该28例中良性9例，交界性11例，恶性8例。胃镜下多呈黏膜下显著隆起性病变，10例表面存在深凹陷性溃疡。病灶位于胃底15例，胃体10例，胃窦3例。显微镜下细胞主要呈梭型和上皮细胞型，细胞排列呈栅栏状、旋涡状。免疫组织化学显示肿瘤组织中抗原表达阳性率为：CD117 100％(28／28)、CD117 100％(28／28)、波形蛋白100％(17／17)，而结蛋白无表达，S-100蛋白表达率仅为18．2％(4／22)。结论胃间质瘤是最常见的间叶性肿瘤，CD117、CD34可作为诊断胃间质细胞瘤的免疫标记物。     

老年人胃肠道间质细胞瘤的临床和免疫组化分析

目的 探讨老年人胃肠道间质细胞瘤(GISTs)的临床病理特征和免疫组化分析。方法 对外科手术切除的胃肠肿瘤标本采用光镜作初步观察，拟诊为间叶性肿瘤者再进一步检查CD117、CD34、波形蛋白、结蛋白等抗原标记物在肿瘤中的表达情况。复习术前胃镜资料，了解胃间质细胞瘤的内镜特征。结果 17例老年间叶性肿瘤患者中GISTs15例，其中良性3例，交界性5例，恶性7例。5例有黑便和呕血，8例腹痛、腹胀，5例以腹部肿块为首发症状。胃镜下多呈黏膜下显著隆起性病变，胃底8例，胃体4例，胃窦2例，十二指肠1例；6例病变表面存在深凹陷性溃疡。光镜下肿瘤细胞主要呈梭形和上皮细胞形，细胞排列呈栅栏状、旋涡状。免疫组织化学显示肿瘤组织中抗原表达阳性率：CD117、CD34、波形蛋白均为100％，结蛋白无表达，S-100蛋白阳性表达率仅为7．1％。结论 GISTs是老年人常见的间叶性肿瘤。CD117、CD34可作为诊断GISTs的免疫标记物。     

Esophageal mesenchymal tumors： Endoscopy, pathology and immunohistochemistry

AIM： To study the endoscopic, pathological and immunoo histochemical features of esophageal mesenchymal tumors. METHODS： Twenty-nine patients diagnosed as esophageal rnysenchymal tumors by electronic endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound （EUS） were observed under light microscopes, and all tissues were stained by the immunohistochemical method. The expression of CD117, CD34, SMA and desmin were measured by staining intensity of cells and positive cell ratios. RESULTS： Endoscopically, esophageal gastrointestinal stromal tumors （GISTs） and leiomyomas （LMs） had similar appearances, showing submucosal protuberant lesions. They all showed low echo images originated from the muscularis propria or muscularis mucosa on EUS. Endoscopy and EUS could not exactly differentiate esophageal GISTs from LMs. Microscopically, there were two kinds of cells： spindle cell type and epitheloid cell type in esophageal GISTs. Leiomyomas and leiomyosarcornas were only of spindle cell type. One malignancy was found in five cases of esophageal GISTs, and one malignancy in 24 cases of leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas. Using Fisher＇s exact method, the differences of malignant lesion proportion were not significant between esophageal LMs and GISTs, 1/5 vs 1/24 （P 〉 0.05）. All cases of esophageal GISTs were positive for CD117, and 3 cases were also positive for CD34. The 24 cases of leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas were all negative for CD117 and CD34. The differences of positive rates of CD117 and CD34 were significant between esophageal GISTs and LMs, 5/5 vs 0/24, 3/5 vs 0/24 （P 〈 0.005）. All leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas were positive for SMA, and desmin. Among 5 cases of esophageal GISTs, 2 cases were SMA positive, and 1 case was desmin positive. The differences in positive rates and expression intensity of SMA and desmin were significant between esophageal LMs and GISTs, 24/24 vs 2/5, 24/24 vs 115 （P 〈 0.005）. CONCLUSION： The most common esophageal mesenchymal tumors are leiomyomas, and esophageal GISTs     

胃肠道间质瘤临床病理免疫组化分析

目的通过检测原癌基因c-kit蛋白（CD117）在胃肠道间质瘤（GISTs）中的表达,探讨CD117在GISTs诊断中的意义。方法收集50例GISTs病例行常规检查及免疫组化染色。标记抗体主要为CD117、CD34 SMA、S100、desmin。结果50例中49例（98％）CD 117阳性,39例（78％）CD34阳性,4例（8％）SMA阳性,2例（4％）S100阳性。其中良性组CD117 12例（12／12）均阳性,交界性组CD117 7例（7／8）阳性。恶性组30例（30／30）CD 117阳性。对照组平滑肌瘤及神经鞘瘤CD117均阴性。结论CD117在GISIs的鉴别诊断中具有重要意义。