温、冷血停搏液间断灌注在瓣膜置换术中的心肌保护作用

目的比较体外循环下温血停搏液间断灌注与冷血停搏液间断灌注在瓣膜置换术中的心肌保护作用.方法36例心脏瓣膜置换术患者被随机分为温血间断灌注组(n=18)和冷血间断灌注组(n=18),分别于体外循环前,主动脉开放后30分钟、6小时、24小时采集动脉血,测血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)浓度.二尖瓣置换患者在主动脉开放时从冠状静脉窦抽取静脉血,检测乳酸浓度.部分患者于主动脉阻断前,开放后30分钟分别取右心房组织,透射电镜观察心肌超微结构.结果瓣膜置换术中温血停搏液间断灌注的心肌保护作用与冷血停搏液间断灌注近似,具有临床应用价值.两组各时间点血清cTnI浓度组间差异无显著性,温血间断灌注组冠状静脉窦血乳酸浓度高于冷血间断灌注组(P＜0.05),两组心肌超微结构变化近似.结论瓣膜置换术中温血停搏液间断灌注的心肌保护作用与冷血停搏液间断灌注近似,具有临床应用价值.     

1.6二磷酸果糖含血心停搏液对双瓣置换患者的心肌保护作用观察

78例同期行二尖瓣、主动脉瓣置换术的患者随机分为两组,各39例。观察组所用含血STH2心肌灌注液中加入1,6二磷酸果糖（FDP）,对照组用等量含血STH2液,均为切开主动脉根部经冠状动脉窦直接灌注。分别于麻醉诱导前,诱导后,主动脉阻断开放后6、16h采集患者中心静脉血,测磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、心肌钙蛋白I（cTn-I）水平。结果两组术后CK-MB、cTn-I较术前高,且观察组高于对照组。认为FDP含血心停搏液的心肌保护作用优于传统含血心停搏液。     

心脏手术中温血心脏停搏液微流量连灌心肌保护效果的研究

为提高心脏手术中心保护的效果，将20例风湿性心瓣膜病手术患者随机分为温血组与冷血组。温血组术中采用温血心脏停搏液微流量连续灌注，冷血采用冷血心脏停搏液间断灌注行心肌保护。检测两组体外循环主动脉开放后即刻，主动脉开放后6、12、24、72小时血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnI）值；术中切取心房肌肉标本，电镜下观察超微结构变化，对比评价心肌保护效果。结果术前及主动脉开放即刻两组血清cTnI无显著性差异（P＞0．05）；主动脉开放后6、12、24、72小时温血组cTnI均显著低于冷血组，P＜0．01；超微结构检测示温血组心肌纤维及线粒体损伤显著轻于冷血组。认为温血心脏停搏液微流量连灌的心肌保护效果优于冷血心脏停搏液间断灌注。     

磷酸肌酸含血心停搏液对联合瓣膜置换术心肌保护作用研究

目的观察含血圣.托马斯(STH2)液加入外源性磷酸肌酸(CP)后对重症瓣膜病患者联合瓣膜置换术心肌保护作用。方法40例同期行二尖瓣、主动脉瓣置换术患者随机分为两组,CP治疗组在含血STH2心灌注液中加入CP,对照组用等量含血STH2液,分别切开主动脉根部经冠状动脉窦直接灌注,观察心脏复搏情况、术后机械通气及监护室停留情况。两组分别于麻醉诱导前、诱导后、主动脉阻断开放后6h、16h,采集患者中心静脉血,测血细胞比积(HCT)、磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、心肌钙蛋白I(cTn-I)。结果CP治疗组心脏自动复搏率较对照组高,术后多巴胺用量较对照组少,两组术后CK-MB、cTn-I较术前高,CP治疗组较对照组高。结论CP加入心停搏液中能显著提高心肌保护作用。     

70岁以上老年人冠状动脉旁路移植术的心肌保护

目的　对比观察非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)与体外循环下微温血和冷血停搏液灌注冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)对老年患者的心肌保护效果。　方法　将 4 5例 70岁以上行CABG患者随机分为 3组 ,OPCAB组、间断微温血和冷血含氧心脏停搏液灌注组各 1 5例。 3组患者术前心功能、性别、年龄、冠状动脉病变情况差异无显著性 ;各组于围术期不同时点分别抽取静脉血测定肌酸激酶同工酶 (CK MB)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)及观察围术期监护情况。　结果　OPCAB组术中、术后各时点CK MB、cTnI与微温血和冷血CABG组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;CK MB在冷血CABG组术后 1d达到峰值 (5 7 75± 34 2 4 )U/L ,此时点OPCAB组和微温血CABG组CK MB值分别为 (2 2 6 4± 1 2 0 5 )和 (42 85± 2 9 0 4 )U/L ,cTnI在OPCAB组术后 6h达到峰值 (0 6 9± 0 2 0 )μg/L ,而微温CABG组与冷血CABG组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,OPCAB组围术期监护情况明显优于微温和冷血停搏CABG组 (P <0 0 5 )。　结论　对老年冠心病患者心肌保护中 ,OPCAB组心肌保护效果优于CABG组 ,微温血CABG组优于冷血CABG组。与CK MB相比 ,cTnI是评价心肌损害较敏感和特异的指标     

冷血停跳加温血诱导、复苏再灌注的心肌保护价值

目的；评价体外循环间断冷血停跳液加温血诱导复苏再灌注在心脏瓣膜置换术中心肌保护的价值。方法：在90例心脏瓣膜置换术中分别采用冷血停跳液加温血诱导复苏再灌注（Ⅰ组）和冷晶体灌注（Ⅱ组），每组各45例，比较其心肌保护疗效。Ⅰ组先用高钾温血停跳液（35℃）诱导心脏停跳。再用冷血低钾停跳液（4－8℃）每15－20分钟灌注1次，保持心肌低温（10℃－15℃），复跳前再用含低钾温血灌注。Ⅱ组应用4℃冷晶体停跳液灌注，每间隔20分钟灌注1次。结果：Ⅰ组心脏自动自动复跳率明显高于Ⅱ组（P＜0．001）；术后应用正性肌力药物剂量及时间明显于Ⅱ组（P＜0．05）；术后低心排症发生率明显低于Ⅱ组（P＜0．05）；在主动脉开放30分钟后Ⅰ组的cTnT,CK-MB及MDA水平升高明显低于Ⅱ组（P＜0．05）。结论：采用冷血停跳液加温血诱导、复苏再灌注技术，可明显减轻心肌再灌注损伤，使术后心功能恢复加快，具有良好的心肌保护作用。     

先天性心脏病手术终末温血灌注对儿童心肌的保护作用观察

将30例患儿随机分为A、B组各15例。术中A组实施终末温血灌注，B组实施冷血心脏灌注。分别于体外循环前（T1）、主动脉开放后1h（T2）、主动脉开放后6h（T3）、主动脉开放后12h（T4）测定两组患儿血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、心肌肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平。结果两组主动脉开放后LDH、CK-MB、cTnT和TNF-α明显升高，T2～T4时段B组LDH、CK-MB、cTnT和TNF-α明显高于A组。认为在先天性心脏病手术中终末温血灌注有良好的心肌保护作用。     

温血诱导停搏加末次温血灌注心肌保护在瓣膜置换术中的应用(附50例报告)

在体外循环心内直视手术中,采用温血灌注保护心肌是近十几年来应用于临床的一种心肌保护方法,较之传统的冷晶体液灌注心肌保护有较好的效果。我院自1993年来,采用温血诱导停搏加末次温血灌注心肌,应用于风湿性瓣膜病瓣膜置换术50例,包括各种瓣膜置换。其中心功能Ⅱ级8例,Ⅲ级26例,Ⅳ级16例,停跳液配方为改良托马斯配方,温血灌注液为33℃左右氧合机血加1单位的含钾停跳液。阻断主动脉后,于主动脉根部或冠状动脉窦灌入氧合温血,灌注量为每千克体重10mL,于2～3min内灌完,开放主动脉前再灌入含半量钾的氧合温血,结果全组自动复跳率为86％,无一例复跳失败,均较传统的冷晶体灌注液法高,心率失常为4％,提示温血灌注保护心肌技术较冷晶体灌注保护心肌的效果更好,但强调在灌注过程中严格执行无菌操作,杜绝污染。     

单纯温血灌注与C_(93)温血灌注对心肌保护的电镜比较观察

本文应用体外循环心脏手术动物模型，实验犬随机分为对照组、温血组和C93加温血组。评估主动脉阻断前、阻断60＇末和再灌注60＇期间的心肌水肿、线粒体的形态和立体定量分析，以反映心肌保护的效果。结果表明：温血灌注对心肌的保护作用优于低温灌注，而C93可以增强温血灌注的心肌保护作用。     

常温体外循环温血心停搏液持续灌注心肌保护的实验研究

目的　为了探讨常温体外循环温血心停搏液持续灌注心肌保护的机理。方法　１５ 条犬随机分成三组,在体外循环下分别灌注三种不同的心停搏液,对三种不同的心肌保护方法进行对比观察。结果　温血心停搏液灌注液（Ｃ组） 的ＣＫ－ ＭＢ、ＬＤＨ、ＭＤＡ 及钙离子含量在心脏再灌注３０ｍｉｎ 时均明显低于冷晶体（Ａ 组） 及冷血心停搏液灌注组（Ｂ组）（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５）;而ＡＴＰ 含量则明显高于Ａ、Ｂ 两组（ Ｐ＜０－０５）。心肌超微结构检查也显示Ｃ组心肌无明显缺血损伤。结论　常温体外循环温血心停搏液持续灌注心肌保护的效果良好。     

三七有效组分Rx对兔动脉粥样硬化的实验研究

目的：探讨三七有效组分R。对兔动脉粥样硬化的影响。方法：40只雄性新西兰大白兔随机分成正常对照组、高脂模型组、三七总皂甙组三七有效组分Rx高荆量组、三七总皂甙组三七有效组分Rx低刺量组，喂饲12周后同时处死．分别测定血一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)、PAI、t—PA、血浆脂质过氧化物、红细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)，并行主动脉壁形态学、主动脉壁光镜、透射电镜观察。结果：三七有效组分Rx高、低剂量组明显升高血NO、t—PA，降低血清ET、PAI水平，抗脂质过氧化，提高红细胞内SOD活性。大体形态、光镜、电镜显示，三七有效组分Rx高、低剂量组能减轻动脉粥样硬化病变程度，减少泡沫细胞层数。结论：三七有效组分Rx有干预动脉粥样硬化的作用。     

Genomic analyses of the Daphnia pulex peptidome

Genome mining has provided a valuable tool for peptide discovery in many species, yet no crustacean has undergone this analysis. Currently, the only crustacean with a sequenced genome is the cladoceran Daphnia pulex, a model organism in many fields of biology. Here, we have mined the D. pulex genome for peptide-encoding genes. For each gene identified, the encoded precursor protein was deduced, and its mature peptides predicted. Twenty-four peptide-encoding genes were identified, including ones predicted to produce members of the A-type allatostatin, B-type allatostatin, C-type allatostatin, allatotropin (ATR), bursicon α, bursicon β, calcitonin-like diuretic hormone, corazonin, crustacean cardioactive peptide, crustacean hyperglycemic hormone, ecdysis-triggering hormone, eclosion hormone (EH), insulin-like peptide (ILP), molt-inhibiting hormone, neuropeptide F, orcokinin (two genes), pigment-dispersing hormone, proctolin, red pigment concentrating hormone/adipokinetic hormone (RPCH/AKH), short neuropeptide F, SIFamide, sulfakinin, and tachykinin-related peptide (TRP) families/subfamilies. In total, 96 peptides were predicted from these genes. Our identification of isoforms of corazonin, EH, ILP, proctolin, RPCH/AKH, sulfakinin and TRP are the first for D. pulex, while our prediction of ATR from this species is the first from any crustacean. The number of peptides predicted in our study shows the power of genome mining for peptide discovery, and provides a model for future genomic analyses of the peptidomes of other crustaceans. In addition, the data presented in our study provide foundations for future molecular, biochemical, anatomical, and physiological investigation of peptidergic signaling in D. pulex and other cladoceran species.     

Potential applications of GH secretagogs in the evaluation and treatment of the age-related decline in growth hormone secretion

The two classes of GH secretagogs—GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and the GH-releasing peptides and their analogs (GHRP’s)—retain their ability to endogenous GH secretion in healthy and frail elderly subjects. They have very limited utility in assessment of the state of the GH/IGF-I axis except to confirm an intact pituitary, but they are attractive potential alternatives to GH as therapeutic agents. There is wide interest in the possibility that elevating GH and IGF-I might increase muscle mass, physical strength and performance, and possibly sleep and cognition in aging. The GH secretagogs, like GH, can produce a sustained stimulation of this axis; in contrast to GH, they preserve feedback regulation at the pituitary level and stimulate a near-physiologic pulsatile pattern of GH release. GHRP’s and their nonpeptide analogs are also active when given orally, a significant practical advantage. Short-tern treatment studies have shown that GHRH and the GHRP’s can enhance GH secretion and elevate IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels; that GHRH may promote sleep; and that these agents are generally well tolerated. Longer-term studies, assessing effects upon body composition and physical and psychological function are underway. Prepared for presentation at “Assessment of the Growth Hormone/IGF-I Axis in Aging,” Bethesda, MD, April 14, 1997.     

A comparative study of the effects of bucillamine and salazosulfapyridine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Bucillamine (Buc), developed in Japan, is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) which has been used to treat numerous patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Japan and Korea with favorable results. However, it has not been used globally. In the present study, we compared the timing of onset of efficacy and the usefulness of this drug with that of the globally accepted agent salazosulfapyridine (SASP). There were 26 patients in the Buc group and 23 in the SASP group. We compared changes in the number of swollen joints, number of painful joints, duration of morning stiffness, grip strength, levels of inflammatory marker [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP)], rheumatoid factor (RF), physician’s rating by visual analogue scale (VAS), patient’s rating of pain, patient’s overall rating (VAS), and improvement according to European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) criteria (DAS28-CRP, DAS28-ESR) in these two groups of patients. Both Buc and SASP were shown to be efficacious within 3 months after the start of treatment. Both drugs were found to be suitable as first-line treatment of early RA. Signs of efficacy tended to occur earlier with Buc than with SASP, and Buc also tended to have higher efficacy than SASP.     

A comparative study of the effects of bucillamine and salazosulfapyridine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Bucillamine (Buc), developed in Japan, is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) which has been used to treat numerous patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Japan and Korea with favorable results. However, it has not been used globally. In the present study, we compared the timing of onset of efficacy and the usefulness of this drug with that of the globally accepted agent salazosulfapyridine (SASP). There were 26 patients in the Buc group and 23 in the SASP group. We compared changes in the number of swollen joints, number of painful joints, duration of morning stiffness, grip strength, levels of inflammatory marker [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP)], rheumatoid factor (RF), physician’s rating by visual analogue scale (VAS), patient’s rating of pain, patient’s overall rating (VAS), and improvement according to European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) criteria (DAS28-CRP, DAS28-ESR) in these two groups of patients. Both Buc and SASP were shown to be efficacious within 3 months after the start of treatment. Both drugs were found to be suitable as first-line treatment of early RA. Signs of efficacy tended to occur earlier with Buc than with SASP, and Buc also tended to have higher efficacy than SASP.     

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) mediates the effect of estrogens on the dopaminergic tone in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of ovariectomized (OVX) rats

The role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the regulation of dopamine (DA) concentration in mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), posterior and anterior pituitary of ovariectomized (OVX) estrogenized rats was studied using passive immunization against VIP with a specific antiserum (a-VIP). Chronic estradiol administration decreased DA concentration in MBH, and in posterior and anterior pituitary, compared to OVX control rats. DA tissue concentration increased following a-VIP administration to control and estrogenized OVX rats. In vitro study of VIP and a-VIP on DA release from MBH in chronically estrogenized OVX rats showed that estrogens decreased DA evoked-release from MBH; a-VIP increased DA evoked-release from MBH of control OVX and estrogenized rats. VIP decreased DA evoked-release from MBH of OVX rats, but had no effect on estrogenized rats. VIP decreased DA tissue concentration in MBH of OVX control but not of estrogenized rats. It is suggested that VIP decreases DA synthesis and release from hypothalamic neurons in female rats, and that VIP partially mediates the inhibitory effect of long-term estrogen administration on DA release from MBH.     

高氟地区回民氟中毒患者超氧化物歧化酶活性及血红蛋白含量的测定

应用简易邻苯三酚自氧化法和高铁血红素法测定41例高氟地区回民氟中毒患者和32例非高氟区同龄回民健康人全血超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和血红蛋白(Hb)含量,结果为:(1)高氟地区氟中毒患者全血SOD活性(2250.80±72.95u/gHb)明显高于非高氟区正常人(1450.17±69.28u/gHb),两组均数间比较有极显著的差异(P<0.001);(2)氟中毒患者Hb含量(10.75±0.35g/100ml)明显低于正常人(12.26±0.63g/100ml),两组均数间有显著性统计学差异(P<0.05);(3)Ⅰ°～Ⅲ°患者SOD的活性分别与正常组对照差异极显著(P<0.001),Hb含量则无差异(P>0.05)。所得结果提示氟中毒患者全血SOD活性增高,Hb含量降低,为指导临床应用SOD预防和治疗氟中毒及氟中毒的机理研究提供了实验依据。     

Variability in the anti-tumor effect of tegafur-uracil depending on histologic types of lung cancer

Background

Tegafur-uracil (UFT) is an anticancer agent that inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS). The degree of TS expression in primary lung cancer (LC) is different according to histologic cell type. In this study, we examined the variability of the anti-tumor efficacy of UFT monotherapy depending on histological subtypes of LC.

Methods

In the current single-institution, retrospective study, we assigned the patients with LC to three histologic groups [the squamous (Sq) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)] group, the non-Sq NSCLC group and the SCLC group] and then compared the clinical response to UFT monotherapy between the three groups.

Results

Our clinical series of 149 patients include 54 cases of Sq NSCLC, 67 cases of non-Sq NSCLC and 28 cases of SCLC. For Sq NSCLC, non-Sq NSCLC and SCLC group, the overall response rates (ORRs) were 1%, 1% and 0% (P=0.522), respectively. The disease control rates (DCRs) were 38.9%, 31.3% and 10.7% (P=0.012), respectively. The median progression-free survivals (PFSs) were 2.68, 2.25 and 1.46 months (P=0.004 for three groups and P=0.773 for two groups except for the SCLC group at the log-rank test), respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups in median overall survival (OS).

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the degree of the anti-tumor effect of UFT was higher in patients with NSCLC as compared with SCLC. But it showed no significant difference between the patients with Sq NSCLC and those with non-Sq NSCLC.     

Fabrication of Porous Anodic Alumina (PAA) by High-Temperature Pulse-Anodization: Tuning the Optical Characteristics of PAA-Based DBR in the NIR-MIR Region

In this work, the influence of various electrochemical parameters on the production of porous anodic alumina (PAA)-based DBRs (distributed Bragg reflector) during high-temperature-pulse-anodization was studied. It was observed that lowering the temperature from 30 to 27 °C brings about radical changes in the optical performance of the DBRs. The multilayered PAA fabricated at 27 °C did not show optical characteristics typical for DBR. The DBR performance was further tuned at 30 °C. The current recovery (i_a^max) after application of subsequent U_H pulses started to stabilize upon decreasing high (U_H) and low (U_L) voltage pulses, which was reflected in a smaller difference between initial and final thickness of alternating d_H and d_L segments (formed under U_H and U_L, respectively) and a better DBR performance. Shortening U_H pulse duration resulted in a progressive shift of photonic stopbands (PSBs) towards the blue part of the spectrum while keeping intensive and symmetric PSBs in the NIR-MIR range. Despite the obvious improvement of the DBR performance by modulation of electrochemical parameters, the problem regarding full control over the homogeneous formation of d_H+d_L pairs remains. Solving this problem will certainly lead to the production of affordable and efficient PAA-based photonic crystals with tunable photonic properties in the NIR-MIR region.