吃主食护大肠

英国剑桥大学最近在一项研究中,分析了10多个国家的人的饮食习惯和癌症之间的关系,结果发现,食用淀粉类食物越多,小肠、结肠和直肠癌的发病率越低.比如,以肉类食物为主食的澳大利亚人,结肠癌发病率是以淀粉类食物为主食的中国人的4倍.     

凉菜拌出夏日风情

不知不觉又进入了夏季,南方的潮湿,北方的燥热,常常使人食欲不振,精神委靡,尤其是对于康复期的病友来说,怎一个"热"字了得.夏季的饮食调养,应选择清凉爽口、少油腻、易消化的食物.这时从配角一跃成为主角的凉菜就闪亮登场了,不论生拌、热炝,每道菜都做足了开胃功夫,它们少油,少盐,对我们的健康大有裨益;省时省力,让我们减轻在厨房的劳动强度.只要掌握烹饪技巧,制作起来还是很简单的.     

过敏体质,怎么吃?

什么是过敏呢?过敏反应又称作变态反应,是患者身体对一种或多种物质的过强反应.其主要机制是由于过敏性素质患者的体内产生了过多的过敏抗体——免疫球蛋白E,它和环境中的过敏原相互作用,刺激机体产生和释放某些过敏介质,导致不同组织的损伤,继而产生各种症状.     

文艺汇演群星璀璨

2006年1月8日,中国抗癌协会癌症康复会在"北京展览馆剧场"圆满成功地举办了"阿斯利康首届全国癌症康复者文艺汇演--生命恋歌".这次文艺汇演有26个省、市上报节目50多个,经筹备组认真筛选,选出正式参加演出的节目16个,特邀节目3个,出演的癌症患者近300人.     

钻石之光--山药

"每个人都能在自家的后院找到钻石",有人借用此言,把山药比做养生的钻石. 山药是一种薯科植物,它的根茎垂直而颀长,往往盈尺,生长在坚硬的山冈的土质中,旋转攀缘.阳光下,山药的叶子很美,颜色从浓到浅,绿得缤纷,但被我们称之为钻石的是它营养丰富的块状根茎.山药的外观看上去粗糙,细小密布的根须如刺如须,但削了皮,却洁白得如水生荸荠,分泌一些透明的黏液,柔滑得抓它不住,仿佛泥鳅从手中挣脱.     

苦参碱对HepG2细胞杀伤作用及机制研究

Objective:To investigate the death mode of human hepatoma cells exposed to matrine and the role of glutathione (GSH) and cytochrome c.Methods:The MTT test and Cell Death Detection ELISA were used to identify cell death mode and viability of cells exposed to matrine.The volume of intracellular GSH was detected by GSH reductase.Finally Western blotting was chosen to analyze the expression of cytochrome c and Caspase-9 in HepG2 cells treated by matrine.Results:The apoptotic cell death induced by matrine in Hep G2 cells dramatically increased in the time-,dose-dependent manner.Matrine can exhaust intracellular GSH effectively to change the redox state in cells.Furthermore it affect the cytotoxicity of matrine.Results of Western blotting showed that matrine induced the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytoplasm,and then stimulate the cleavage of Cespese-9 in a time-dependent manner.Conclusion:Matrine induced apoptosis in Hep G2 cells through the mitochondrial pathway,and oxidative stress via depletion of GSH is directly involved in the apoptotic process.     

Benefit of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with pathologically lymph node-positive and locally advanced gastric cancer

Objective This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy(CRT)and adjuvant chemotherapy(ChT)for T3–4/N+gastric cancer(GC)following D2/R0 dissection,and identify the specific subgroups that could benefit from adjuvant CRT.Methods All eligible patients were divided into the CRT group and ChT group.We assessed the survival outcomes and patterns of recurrence for each group,and determined the prognostic factors for survival by performing Cox proportional risk regression analyses.Results A total of 192 gastric cancer patients were included in the study.The estimated 3-year and 5-year disease-free survival(DFS)probabilities in the CRT and ChT groups were 52.9%vs.36.7%(P=0.024)and 41.2%vs.31.1%(P=0.148),respectively,and the estimated 3-year and 5-year overall survival(OS)probabilities were 82.4%vs.70.0%(P=0.044)and 52.0%vs.35.6%(P=0.022).Patients in the CRT group had a lower risk of locoregional recurrence than those in the ChT group(20.6%vs.34.4%;P=0.031).The subset analyses revealed that patients with stage N1–2 disease were more likely to benefit from adjuvant CRT than from adjuvant ChT(DFS:53.1%vs.36.4%;P=0.039;OS:53.1%vs.38.6%;P=0.036).Conclusion For locally advanced gastric cancer patients with LN+,adjuvant CRT showed superior survival benefits compared with adjuvant ChT alone.Patients with N1–2 achieved better survival from adjuvant CRT.     

肺癌放疗新技术

肺癌是危害人类生命的最主要的癌肿,是名副其实的"癌王",特别是在发达国家更是如此.简单地说美国男性死于恶性肿瘤患者中约每3人中有1例是肺癌,女性中每4人中有1人是肺癌.中国随着城市化进度的加快和吸烟人群的增多,肺癌患者会越来越多.笔者在美国最著名的癌症医院--德州安德森肿瘤中心做客座教授期间接触了来自世界各地的放疗科医生,他们都在努力研究如何延长肺癌患者的生存期,提高生存质量.下面介绍一下这方面的最新技术.     

熏烤煎炸不安全

据说人类发现用火是由于森林起火烧焦了动物而引起的,从那时起,便尝到了烧烤味道的鲜美.时至今日,熏烤煎炸食品气味香,味道美,仍不免会令人垂涎三尺,颇受嘴馋的人或一些儿童、少女青睐,从而造就许多中国人有喜食这类食品的习惯.这类食品如在聚餐酒桌上品尝助兴,少量吃点在所难免,如果大量贪食则可能会对健康不利.化学家在研究癌症病因时,发现一种很强的致癌物质苯并芘,它属于多环芳烃类化合物,与熏烤煎炸食物有关,并引起人们的关注.     

重组人血管内皮抑素治疗恶性浆膜腔积液的研究进展

重组人血管内皮抑素（恩度）已经正式上市５年,广大临床医师将其联合化疗用于治疗非小细胞肺癌等多种恶性肿瘤,疗效确切,安全性好。其中,有多位学者探索性应用恩度单药或者联合化疗药物治疗恶性浆膜腔积液,发现具有高效低毒的特点,控制浆膜腔积液作用强,耐受性好,并能明显地改善患者生活质量。因此,值得有计划地开展前瞻性、随机对照的多中心临床研究,同时深入进行基础研究,进一步阐明其作用机制。     

恩度联合化疗治疗多种恶性复发肿瘤转移灶的疗效观察

目的观察重组人血管内皮抑制素（恩度）联合化疗方案对多种恶性复发肿瘤转移灶的疗效及安全性。方法经病理组织学或细胞学检查确诊的晚期复发恶性肿瘤患者6例,均接受恩度联合化疗的方案治疗。按照RESIST标准评价近期疗效,参照KPS评分评价生活质量,按照NCICTC3.0版标准评价不良反应。结果在6例观察的患者中,PR 1例,CR 3例,SD 2例,RR为66.7%（4/6）,CBR为100.0%（6/6）,未发现与恩度相关的严重不良反应。结论恩度联合化疗的方案对治疗恶性肿瘤患者的复发和转移具有良好的疗效,同时没有明显增加化疗的不良反应,值得进一步推广。     

Continued application of Endostar combined with chemotherapy in advanced hemangioendothelioma of bone

By one case of hemangioendothelioma of bone accompanying pulmonary metastasis was treated with rh-endostatin injection (Endostar) combined with chemotherapy. The patient got partial response (PR) for 3 years after the application of Endostar maintenance therapy and Endostar combined with taxane-based chemotherapy. During the period of using Endostar as monotherapy, the patient got long-term disease control and good quality of life. There was no drug related adverse event during the therapy of Endostar. Suggested continued using of Endostar combined with chemotherapy could achieve an convinced therapeutic effect. Then using Endostar as maintenance treatment after patient got the optimal efficacy was feasible and profitable. This treatment strategy of long-term administration of Endostar was worthy of further observation, to explore the feasibility for long-term administration of combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of hemangioendothelioma of bone accompanying pulmonary metastasis.     

重组人血管内皮抑制素治疗恶性胸腹腔积液的临床观察

目的：观察重组人血管内皮抑制素（恩度）治疗恶性胸腹腔积液的近期疗效,评价恩度局部应用的安全性和耐受性。方法：对２５例伴有恶性胸腹腔积液的晚期恶性肿瘤患者,应用恩度胸腹腔灌注给药（单药组）,尽可能抽出胸腹腔内积液,注入恩度３０ｍｇ,每周２～３次,治疗２～３周,待胸腹水量稳定后可以每周１次维持治疗。其中１０例患者同时接受恩度联合顺铂胸腹腔局部灌注治疗（联合组）。每２１天为１个周期。评价近期疗效、生活质量以及毒副反应。结果：２５例患者均可进行客观疗效评价及安全性评价,ＣＲ２例,ＰＲ１１例,ＳＤ６例,ＰＤ６例,客观有效率（ＲＲ）为５２％,疾病控制率（ＤＣＲ）为７６％。联合组客观有效率高于单药组,但无统计学差异。全组患者生活质量改善者有２０例,占８０％。药物相关性毒副反应不明显。结论：恩度胸腹腔灌注给药能较好地控制恶性胸腹水,减轻临床症状。恩度与化疗药物联合局部治疗可能具有一定的协同作用,可以改善患者生活质量,安全性较好,不增加化疗药物的不良反应。     

恩度联合化疗治疗消化系统晚期癌症的临床研究进展

异常血管生成是各种实体瘤生长、转移共同的病理过程,抗血管生成已成为目前治疗肿瘤的重要途径.重组人血管内皮抑制素恩度是一种多靶点抗血管生成药物,试验表明其与传统化疗药物联合应用可以产生协同增效的作用,现已获得中国食品药品监督管理局批准将化疗药物联合恩度用于治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌.近年来,一些临床研究发现恩度与传统化疗药物联合在消化道恶性肿瘤的治疗中表现出稳定的有效性和安全性,可能具有良好的应用前景.本文从有效性和安全性两个方面概述恩度联合传统化疗药物治疗消化系统常见恶性肿瘤的临床研究进展,以期为后续研究和临床实践提供思路和依据.     

Intraperitoneal Perfusion Therapy of Endostar Combined with Platinum Chemotherapy for Malignant Serous Effusions: A Meta-analysis

Background: Malignant serous effusions (MSE) are one complication in patients with advanced cancer. Endostar is a new anti-tumor drug targeting vessels which exerts potent inhibition of neovascularization. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal perfusion therapy of Endostar combined with platinum chemotherapy for malignant serous effusions (MSE). Materials and Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on intraperitoneal perfusion therapy of Endostar combined with platinum chemotherapy for malignant serous effusions were searched in the electronic data of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, CBM and WanFang. The quality of RCTs was evaluated by two independent researchers and a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: The total of 25 RCTs included in the meta-analysis covered 1,253 patients, and all literature quality was evaluated as “B” grade. The meta-analysis showed that Endostar combined with platinum had an advantage over platinum alone in terms of response rate of effusions (76% vs 48%, RR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.50-1.78, P<0.00001) and improvement rate in quality of life (69% vs 44%, RR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.42-1.74, P<0.00001). As for safety, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidences of nausea and vomiting (35% vs 34%, RR=1.01, 95%CI: 0.87-1.18, P=0.88), leucopenia (38% vs 38%, RR=1, 95%CI: 0.87-1.15, P=0.99), and renal impairment (18% vs 20%, RR=0.86, 95%CI: 0.43-1.74, P=0.68). Conclusions: Endostar combined with platinum by intraperitoneal perfusion is effective for malignant serous effusions, and patient quality of life is significantly improved without the incidence of adverse reactions being obviously increased.     

重组人血管内皮抑制素联合化疗一线治疗晚期黑色素瘤的Ⅱ期临床研究

目的：观察重组人血管内皮抑制素（恩度）联合化疗一线治疗晚期黑色素瘤的疗效和安全性。方法：经病理组织学检查确诊的Ⅳ期黑色素瘤２０例,接受恩度联合化疗。其中恩度１５ｍｇ静脉滴注,第１～１４天连续给药,间歇１４天重复;同时联合达卡巴嗪／替莫唑胺＋福莫司汀全身化疗,每２８天为１个周期。疗效评定采用实体瘤评价标准。对２０例患者的治疗有效率、不良反应发生率、无进展生存期（ＰＦＳ）等指标进行分析。结果：可评价患者２０例,平均接受（２.７±０.８０）个周期治疗,部分缓解４例,稳定６例,客观有效率为２５％（４／２０）,临床获益率为５０％（１０／２０）。中位ＰＦＳ为４５个月（９５％ＣＩ：１～１１个月）,目前随访６个月的ＰＦＳ率已达３５％（７／２０）,６个月的生存率６５％（１３／２０）,治疗有效患者的中位生存期已达８个月（９５％ＣＩ：３５～１２个月）。３／４级毒性主要与化疗药物有关,骨髓抑制８例（４０.０％）,１例（５.０％）因窦性心动过缓停药。共１１例患者进行了组织学标本ＶＥＧＦＲ、ＰＤＧＦＲ、ＥＧＦＲ的检测,但三项指标与疗效均无明显相关性。结论：恩度与化疗联合治疗晚期黑色素瘤与目前推荐的单药达卡巴嗪化疗相比,有效率提高约１０％,ＰＦＳ延长２.５个月,安全性良好,值得临床上推广应用和进一步深入观察。     

重组人血管内皮抑制素治疗恶性肿瘤的研究进展

重组人血管内皮抑制素(恩度)是一种广谱的抗血管生成分子靶向药物,主要循证证据为联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC).近年来,重组人血管内皮抑制素用于治疗多种恶性肿瘤的研究逐渐增多,并取得了较好的疗效.此外,有关重组人血管内皮抑制素联合治疗手段、给药途径、给药方法的研究逐渐开展,有利于其合理应用.     

恩度联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的：观察恩度（重组人血管内皮抑素）联合含铂化疗方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效和安全性,并与单纯含铂化疗方案比较。方法：依照入选标准,选择60例晚期NSCLC住院患者,分恩度联合化疗组28例和单纯化疗组32例,观察有效率（RR）、疾病控制率（DCR）、生活质量改善情况及不良反应。结果：恩度联合化疗组和单纯化疗组的有效率分别为28.57%和28.13%,无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;疾病控制率分别为96.43%和93.75%,无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。治疗后两组ECOG评分均较治疗前明显降低,具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,但两组间比较,无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。恩度联合化疗组的临床症状缓解率较单纯化疗组高：咳嗽缓解率分别为80%和71.43%、气短缓解率分别为78.57%和75%、咯血缓解率分别为90%和81.82%、疼痛缓解率分别为75%和71.43%,但无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。两组的主要不良反应均为恶心/呕吐、疲乏及骨髓抑制,骨髓抑制以白细胞、中性粒细胞减少为主,患者均可耐受,两组间不良反应发生率均无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论：恩度与含铂化疗联合应用,未改善近期疗效,未增加不良反应,但具有提高生活质量的趋势,值得临床进一步研究。     

Efficacy and Safety of Endostar Combined with Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors

Purpose: Endostar® is a proteolytic fragment of collagen XVIII that has been shown to have antitumor activity, with a favorable toxicological profile. We conducted this study to investigate its efficacy and safety when combined with chemotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors. Methods: From July 2006 to September 2008, 45 patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed solid tumors were enrolled into this study. All received Endostar at a dose of 7.5 mg/m2/day as an intravenous infusion for more than 7 days, in combination with chemotherapy. Patients were treated until tumor progression or unacceptable toxicity. Results: No treatment related death occurred in this study. Main reported toxicities included: mylosuppression (82.2%), hepatic impairment (42.2%), anorexia (20.0%), nausea (24.4%), vomiting (22.2%), diarrhea (20.0%), febrile (20.0%) and fatigue (24.4%). No complete response was observed. Two patients (2/42) had partial response, twenty-one (21/42) remained stable, and nineteen (19/42) had progressive disease. Median time to tumor progression was 3.0 months (range, 0.5-12.0). Median overall survival was 30.0 months (95% confidence interval: 20.0-40.0) and 1 year survival rate was 81.0%. Conclusion: Our study revealed that toxicity of Endostar combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors was tolerable with moderate efficacy.