苗药大乌泡叶提取物的体外抑菌作用考察

目的:考察苗药大乌泡叶提取物的体外抑菌作用。方法:将大乌泡叶煎煮水提物和80%醇提物均制备成质量浓度为200mg/m L的药液,并以氨苄青霉素和氟康唑为阳性对照(50 mg/m L),采用管碟法测定其对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、痢疾志贺菌、普通变形杆菌、白色念珠菌、新型隐球菌的抑菌作用。依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取80%醇提物,得到相应部位萃取物(50 mg/m L)后,采用管碟法考察其对上述7种菌株的抑菌作用;筛选出具有抑菌作用的部位及对药物敏感的试验菌株,并分别采用微量肉汤稀释法和琼脂培养基平板法测定其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果:大乌泡叶的水提物几乎无抑菌活性,80%醇提物对各菌株则表现出不同程度的抑制作用,对5种细菌的抑菌作用优于对2种真菌;大乌泡叶80%醇提物的乙酸乙酯及正丁醇萃取部位表现出良好的抑菌作用,石油醚和水层部位几乎没有抑菌作用,各萃取部位对真菌均未见抑制作用;大乌泡叶80%醇提物对5种细菌的MIC、MBC分别在6.25~12.5、12.5~25 mg/m L之间,其乙酸乙酯部位的MIC、MBC分别为3.13、6.25 mg/m L,其正丁醇部位的MIC、MBC分别在3.13~6.25、6.25~12.5 mg/m L之间。结论:苗药大乌泡叶的80%醇提物及其乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取部位对细菌具有明显的体外抑菌作用。     

山大颜根、茎、叶提取物的体外抑菌活性评价及其作用机制研究

目的:考察山大颜根、茎、叶3个部位提取物的体外抑菌活性,并探究其抑菌作用机制。方法:将山大颜根、茎、叶的95%醇提物均制备成质量浓度为100 mg/mL(以提取物计)的药液,并以青霉素钠(0.5μg/m L)和硫酸链霉素(128 mg/mL)为阳性对照,采用平板打孔法测定不同药用部位提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、藤黄微球菌、粪肠球菌等的抑菌作用。采用系统溶剂萃取法依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取山大颜抑菌活性部位,得到相应极性部位萃取物,制备成质量浓度均为100 mg/mL(以提取物计)药液后,考察其对上述6种菌的抑菌作用;并分别采用微量肉汤稀释法和琼脂培养基平板法测定其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC),筛选出具有抑菌作用的极性部位及对药物敏感的试验菌株。然后在0.5MIC和MIC药物浓度下绘制敏感菌的生长曲线(作用36 h,每4 h测定1次),检测菌悬液中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和可溶性蛋白含量(作用10 h,每2 h测定1次),并以肉汤培养基代替提取物作为空白对照。结果:100 mg/mL山大颜根、茎和叶的醇提物对上述6种细菌均有较好的抑菌效果,其作用强弱为茎>叶>根;在山大颜茎的不同极性部位中,以乙酸乙酯部位的抑菌作用最强,尤其是对金黄色葡萄球菌,其抑菌圈直径为(38.93±0.12)mm,MIC、MBC均为0.39 mg/mL。山大颜茎乙酸乙酯部位可显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的增殖,菌悬液中碱性磷酸酶和蛋白质含量较空白对照显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:山大颜茎为抗菌活效部位,对常见的6种病原菌有不同程度的抑制效果;其中以山大颜茎的乙酸乙酯部位对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用最为显著,能逐步破坏其细胞壁和细胞膜的完整性。     

余甘子醇提物不同萃取部位对人消化道常见菌的抑制作用研究

目的:研究余甘子醇提物4种不同萃取部位对人消化道常见菌的抑制作用。方法:采用管碟法进行余甘子醇提物及醇提物中石油醚、乙酸乙酯、三氯甲烷、水部位对大肠杆菌的抑菌试验,测量其抑菌圈直径以确定最佳抑菌部位,二倍稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。采用宏量肉汤稀释法(试管法)进行余甘子醇提物最佳抑菌部位对消化道菌群的抑菌试验,测定其MIC。结果:余甘子醇提物对大肠杆菌的MIC为0.625 mg/ml。余甘子醇提物乙酸乙酯部位为最佳抑菌部位,其对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌、变形杆菌、沙门氏菌的MIC均为2.5 mg/ml,对肺炎链球菌的MIC为0.625 mg/ml,对大肠杆菌和产气荚膜杆菌的MIC均为1.25 mg/ml,对破伤风杆菌的MIC为0.156 mg/ml。结论:余甘子醇提物乙酸乙酯部位对消化道常见菌群有较强的抑制作用。     

杠板归抗炎及抑菌活性部位研究

目的研究杠板归抗炎及体外抑菌作用以确定其有效部位。方法采用二甲苯诱发小鼠耳廓炎症、采用新鲜鸡蛋清致小鼠足肿胀评价其抗炎作用；采用试管二倍稀释法评价其抑菌作用。结果杠板归总提部位具有显著的抗炎作用，正丁醇部位有一定的抗炎作用；体外抑菌实验表明，杠板归乙酸乙酯部位对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、粪链球菌、铜绿假单孢菌有明显的抑菌作用，对白色念球菌有一定的抑菌作用。结论杠板归总提部位具有显著的抗炎活性，正丁醇部位有一定抗炎活性，杠板归乙酸乙酯部位抑菌作用明显，证实了杠板归用于炎症治疗的科学性。     

香青兰提取物对临床来源病原菌的抑制活性及生物信息学研究

目的:研究香青兰不同萃取部位对临床来源病原菌的体外抑制活性,并挖掘其可能抗菌机制。方法:香青兰药材经65%乙醇提取后,依次以石油醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,得不同极性萃取部位。以肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等临床常见多重耐药病原菌为对象,采用纸片扩散法测定不同萃取部位的抑菌圈直径,筛选抑菌活性部位;采用琼脂倍比稀释法检测抑菌活性部位对上述病原菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并采用比浊法绘制该部位作用下多重耐药金黄色葡萄球菌的生长曲线;利用PEAKS~?Q 8.5软件筛选抑菌活性部位组与对照组的差异表达蛋白,借助Blast 2 GO、KOBAS 3.0在线软件对其进行基因本体(GO)分析和KEGG信号通路富集分析。结果:香青兰石油醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇部位对革兰氏阴性杆菌均无明显的抑制作用,乙酸乙酯部位对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌等多种革兰氏阳性球菌均具有不同程度的抑制活性(抑菌圈直径为10～16 mm),为抑菌活性部位。该部位对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、人葡萄球菌的MIC均为0.781 3 mg/mL,对腐生葡萄球菌的MIC为0.390 7 mg/mL,对溶血葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌标准菌株的MIC均为1.562 5 mg/mL。1、2倍MIC的乙酸乙酯部位可抑制多重耐药金黄色葡萄球菌的生长,且抑制活性有随剂量增加而增强的趋势。共筛选出差异表达蛋白300个(P<0.01),其中表达上调239个、表达下调61个。差异表达蛋白主要集中于细胞、细胞部位等细胞组成以及代谢过程、细胞过程和催化活性、蛋白结合等生物过程和分子功能,且主要富集于不同环境中的微生物代谢和果糖与甘露糖代谢等两条信号通路上(P<0.05)。结论:香青兰乙酸乙酯部位为抑菌活性部位,其抑菌活性可能与影响微生物代谢和细菌糖代谢有关。     

美洲大蠊不同提取部位的体外抑菌活性研究

目的:研究美洲大蠊不同提取部位的体外抑菌活性。方法:采用试管二倍稀释法联合琼脂平板法测定美洲大蠊不同提取部位对受试菌种的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果:美洲大蠊石油醚提取部位对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌及铜绿假单胞菌均有较强的体外抑菌活性,乙酸乙酯提取部位对铜绿假单胞菌有体外抑菌活性,正丁醇提取部位及95%乙醇提取部位对3种受试菌种无明显抑菌活性。结论:确定美洲大蠊石油醚和乙酸乙酯提取部位为抑菌活性部位,尤其是石油醚提取部位抑菌活性显著。     

余甘子不同提取物对人消化道菌群抑菌作用的对比研究

目的 通过余甘子醇提物和盐提物对消化道代表菌种大肠杆菌的抑菌试验,确定余甘子对消化道菌群的最佳抑制提取物,并确定最佳抑菌部位,从而进行该部位对消化道菌群的抑制作用研究。方法 采用管碟法用余甘子醇提物和盐水浸提物对消化道代表菌种大肠杆菌进行抑菌试验,测量抑菌圈直径及菌落生长状况来确定最佳抑菌提取物及最佳抑菌部位。采用宏量肉汤稀释法(试管法)进行该部位对消化道菌群的抑菌试验,测定最低抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)值。结果 抑菌试验显示余甘子醇提物和盐提物均有抑菌作用,且盐提物抑菌作用较强,其最佳的抑菌部位为乙酸乙酯部位。余甘子醇提物和盐提物乙酸乙酯部位对各菌群的MIC值表明,对消化道常见菌群均有抑菌效果,且对厌氧菌的抑菌效果比需氧菌更好。结论 余甘子盐提物的抑菌效果优于醇提物,乙酸乙酯部位对消化道菌群有较强抑菌作用。     

茅苍术水提液及其不同极性部位对幽门螺杆菌的体外抑制作用研究

目的:研究茅苍术水提液及其不同极性部位对幽门螺杆菌的体外抑制作用。方法:采用加热回流提取法制得茅苍术的水提液,再采用有机溶剂萃取法将茅苍术的水提液分为石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水4个不同极性部位。采用浊度法检测茅苍术水提液及其不同极性部位对幽门螺杆菌的抑制作用。结果:茅苍术水提液及其石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇部位均有抑菌作用,并且随着药物浓度的增大,对幽门螺杆菌的抑制作用也增强;水部位没有抑菌作用。同一浓度下各部位抑菌效果强弱顺序为石油醚部位>乙酸乙酯部位>正丁醇部位。结论:茅苍术水提液中石油醚部位的抑菌效果最好,提示茅苍术中对幽门螺杆菌作用的有效成分存在于水提液中的低极性部位。本研究结果可为进一步对茅苍术药效成分的研究提供理论依据。     

金樱根提取物体外抑菌活性的实验研究

目的比较金樱根不同极性溶剂的提取物的抑菌作用。方法用5种不同极性的溶剂提取金樱根,用倍比稀释法和抑菌圈测定其抑菌作用。结果金樱根水提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌、伤寒杆菌的最低抑菌浓度MIC值分别为:10、40、10、40mg/ml,金樱根75%乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、痢疾杆菌、变形杆菌、伤寒杆菌的最低抑菌浓度MIC值分别为:10、10、10、20 mg/ml,金樱根乙酸乙酯提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值为20 mg/ml,对痢疾杆菌、变形杆菌、伤寒杆菌无明显抑制作用;石油醚提取物和氯仿提取物无抑菌作用。结论金樱根的水提取物和乙醇提取物有较好抑菌作用,其它溶剂提取物抑菌作用较差。     

番薯藤提取物抗痤疮丙酸杆菌有效部位筛选研究

目的 研究番薯藤提取物对痤疮丙酸杆菌的体外抑菌作用,并对其有效部位进行筛选。方法 采用固体平板法、试管2倍比稀释法测定番薯藤水、醇提物对痤疮丙酸杆菌的抑菌圈大小和最低抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）,采用系统溶剂法对番薯藤醇提物进行梯度提取,分别得到石油醚层、二氯甲烷层、乙酸乙酯层、正丁醇层和水层5个不同极性部位,并确定其有效部位及相应的MIC、最低杀菌浓度（minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC）。结果 番薯藤醇提物对痤疮丙酸杆菌有较强抑制作用,其MIC为50 mg·mL^-1。其中石油醚部位的抑菌作用最强,MIC为12.5 mg·mL^-1,MBC为25 mg·mL^-1;其次为正丁醇部位,MIC为25 mg·mL^-1,MBC为100 mg·mL^-1。结论 番薯藤醇提物对痤疮丙酸杆菌存在体外抑制作用,其有效成分主要集中于石油醚和正丁醇部位。     

Ethno-medicinal study of Artemisia ordosica Krasch.(traditional Chinese/Mongolian medicine) extracts for treatment of allergic rhinitis and nasosinusitis

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory and allergic rhinitis(AR) alleviating effect as well as in vitro antimicrobial activities of Artemisia ordosica Krasch.(AOK) extracts to verify its ethno-medicinal claims.METHODS Crude extracts(methanol/95%-ethanol/ethyl acetate) of AOK root/stem/leaf and fractions(petroleum ether/ethyl acetate/n-butanol/aqueous) of AOK root extractwere prepared. Xylene-induced ear swelling model in mouse and ovalbumin(OVA)-induced AR model in guinea pig were established. Ear swelling degrees of mice were measured. The numbers of rubbing movement and sneezes of guinea pigs were counted to evaluate the symptoms of AR. The serum levels of histamine, INF-γ, IL-2/4/10, and VCAM-1 were measured by ELISA assay. The histological changes of nasal mucosa were investigated by light microscope after H&E staining. Antimicrobial activities of AOK extracts were also tested.LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to characterize the constituents of active extract and molecular docking was conducted to predict the biological mechanism. RESULTS In ear-swelling model, extract(100.00 mg·kg~(-1)) from the ethyl acetate layer of 95% ethanol(100.00 mg·kg~(-1)) showed better swelling inhibition in mice than positive control(dexamethasone,191.91 mg·kg~(-1)). In AR model, extract from the ethyl acetate layer of 95% ethanol significantly alleviated the AR symptoms in guinea pigs, decreased the serum levels of histamine, INF-γ, IL-2/4/10, and VCAM-1, and reduced the infiltration of eosinophil in nasal mucosa. For Staphylococcus aureus, the ethyl acetate extract of AOK stem showed the highest inhibition(MIC=1.25 g·L~(-1)), for Escherichia coli, n-butanol layer of 95% ethanol extract of AOK root showed the highest inhibition(MIC=15.00 g·L~(-1)), for Candida glabrata, 95%-ethanol extract of AOK stem showed the best inhibition(MIC=0.064 g·L~(-1)),while ethyl acetate and n-butanol layers showed similar inhibition on MRSA(MIC=7.50 g·L~(-1)). LC-MS/MS characterization showed that dicaffeoylquinic acids account for more than 30% of ethyl acetate layer of AOK extract. Dicaffeoylquinic acids bind with histamine-1 receptor with high affinities and interesting modes. CONCLUSION Extracts from AOK had interesting anti-inflammatory activity in mice, alleviating effect against OVA-induced AR in guinea pigs, and antimicrobial activities in vitro, which support the ethno-medicinal use of it. The main constituents in ethyl acetate layer of AOK root extract are dicaffeoylquinic acids and could bind with histamine-1 receptor well. These findings highlighted the importance of natural product chemistry study of AOK.     

滇黄芩茎叶乙醇提取物及其不同溶剂萃取部位的抗氧化和降脂活性研究

目的:研究滇黄芩茎叶乙醇提取物及其不同溶剂萃取部位的抗氧化活性和降脂活性。方法:取滇黄芩茎叶用95%乙醇回流提取,得乙醇提取物;取上述提取物,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,回收溶剂得到不同溶剂萃取部位。以维生素C(Vc)为阳性对照,采用羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除法检测滇黄芩茎叶乙醇提取物、石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物的体外抗氧化活性并计算半数抑制浓度(IC50)。以脂肪乳建立脂肪变性L02肝细胞模型,以非诺贝特(20μg/m L)为阳性对照,考察高、低质量浓度(100、50μg/mL)滇黄芩茎叶乙醇提取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物对细胞中TC、TG含量的影响。结果:对羟基自由基的清除能力强弱排序为滇黄芩茎叶正丁醇萃取物>乙酸乙酯萃取物>Vc>乙醇提取物>石油醚萃取物,IC50分别为0.15、0.17、0.35、0.75、1.17 mg/mL;对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力强弱排序为Vc>正丁醇萃取物>乙酸乙酯萃取物>乙醇提取物>石油醚萃取物,IC50分别为0.034、0.55、0.75、3.32、3.73 mg/mL;对DPPH自由基的清除能力强弱排序为Vc>正丁醇萃取物>乙酸乙酯萃取物>乙醇提取物>石油醚萃取物,IC50分别为0.003 2、0.028、0.033、0.048、0.057 mg/mL。滇黄芩茎叶乙醇提取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物对脂肪变性L02肝细胞中TC、TG含量均有显著的降低作用(P<0.01),其降脂能力强弱排序为正丁醇萃取物(低浓度)≈非诺贝特>乙酸乙酯萃取物(高浓度)>乙醇提取物(高浓度)>正丁醇萃取物(高浓度)>乙酸乙酯萃取物(低浓度)>乙醇提取物(低浓度)。结论:滇黄芩茎叶乙醇提取物、石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物均有一定的抗氧化活性和降脂活性(除石油醚萃取物外),其中正丁醇和乙酸乙酯萃取物的抗氧化活性和降脂活性较高。     

Isolation of praeruptorins A and B from Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. and their general pharmacological evaluation in comparison with extracts of the drug

The root of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. was extracted with solvents at different polarity obtaining three chemical fractions: aqueous (H2O), n-butanol (BuOH) and ethyl acetate (AcOEt). From AcOEt praeruptorins A and B were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel, using toluene/ethyl acetate as eluent, and identified by 1H and 13C NMR analysis. The extracts and the praeruptorins were tested for gross behavioural effects and acute toxicity in mice; the cytotoxicity on Artemia salina Leach and the antimicrobial activity were also evaluated. None of the tested substances evoked behavioural effects or acute toxicity after oral administration in mice; delayed mortality was observed with AcOEt and praeruptorin A only after intraperitoneal administration of high doses (1 g/kg). In Artemia salina test AcOEt, and praeruptorins A and B had LC50 values of 40.2, 121.2 and 34.5 microg/ml, respectively. AcOEt and praeruptorin A showed antimicrobial activity on Streptococcus agalactiae; their MIC values were 250 and 100 microg/ml, respectively.     

Comparison of antioxidant activities and total polyphenolic and methylxanthine contents between the unripe fruit and leaves of Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil

Ilex paraguariensis is used in Brazil as a stimulating beverage called "mate". Leaves and immature fruit extracts of Ilex paraguariensis were evaluated for their radical scavenging capacity, total methylxanthine and polyphenol contents. Antimicrobial activity of two enriched saponin fractions obtained from the fruits were also evaluated. The radical scavenging activity of the fractioned extracts was determined spectrophotometrically using 1,1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH). The IC50o of L-ascorbic acid, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions from the leaves and ethyl acetate fraction from the fruits were 6.48 microg/mL, 13.26 microg/mL, 27.22 microg/mL, and 285.78 microg/mL, respectively. Total methylxanthine content was 1.16 +/- 0.06 mg/g dry weight in the fruits and 8.78 +/- 0.01 mg/g in the leaves. Total polyphenol content varied from 86.82 +/- 3 x 10(-4) to 199.91 +/- 3 x 10(-3) mg/g in leaf fractions and from 54.25 +/- 1 x 10(-3) to 110.36 +/- 4 x 10(-4) mg/g in fruit fractions. Enriched saponin fractions from the fruits showed no antimicrobial activity. To our knowledge, this are the first data available on the antioxidant/antimicrobial activities and polyphenol/methylxanthine contents of Ilex paraguariensis fruits.     

Antimicrobial activities of some Thai traditional medical longevity formulations from plants and antibacterial compounds from Ficus foveolata

Context: Medicinal plants involved in traditional Thai longevity formulations are potential sources of antimicrobial compounds.

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activities of some extracts from medicinal plants used in traditional Thai longevity formulations against some oral pathogens, including Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans. An extract that possessed the strongest antimicrobial activity was fractionated to isolate and identify the active compounds.

Materials and methods: Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of 25 medicinal plants used as Thai longevity formulations were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion (5?mg/disc) and broth microdilution (1.2–2500?µg/mL) methods. The ethyl acetate extract of Ficus foveolata Wall. (Moraceae) stems that exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity was fractionated to isolate the active compounds by an antibacterial assay-guided isolation process.

Results and discussion: The ethyl acetate extract of F. foveolata showed the strongest antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 19.5–39.0 and 39.0–156.2?µg/mL, respectively. On the basis of an antibacterial assay-guided isolation, seven antibacterial compounds, including 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (1), syringaldehyde (2), sinapaldehyde (3), coniferaldehyde (4), 3β-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one (5), umbelliferone (6), and scopoletin (7), were purified. Among these isolated compounds, 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (1) exhibited the strongest antibacterial activities against S. pyogenes, S. mitis, and S. mutans with MIC values of 7.8, 7.8, and 15.6?µg/mL, and MBC values of 7.8, 7.8, and 31.2?µg/mL, respectively. In addition, this is the first report of these antibacterial compounds in the stems of F. foveolata.     

东北红豆杉枝叶不同提取部位体外降血糖活性研究

目的：探讨东北红豆杉枝叶不同提取部位对胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞葡萄糖消耗量和抑制α－葡萄糖苷活性的影响。方法采用胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞和α－葡萄糖苷酶作为体外受体模型,研究东北红豆杉枝叶不同提取部位的降血糖效果。结果对于胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞,醇提液、乙酸乙酯部位和正丁醇部位均能促进胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞的葡萄糖消耗量,其中醇提液和乙酸乙酯部位在浓度为0．01mg? mL －1效果最佳,正丁醇部位在浓度为0．05mg? mL －1效果最佳,而且都与模型组相比具有极显著性差异（P＜0．01）;东北红豆杉提取物均有不同程度抑制α－葡萄糖苷酶活性,以乙酸乙酯部位效果最佳（IC50＝17．08mg? L －1）,其次正丁醇部位（IC50＝28．48mg? L－1）和醇提物（IC50＝31．03mg?L －1）,水部位（IC50＝80．99mg? L －1）石油醚部位（IC50＝132．38mg? L －1）最弱。结论初步确定东北红豆杉具有降血糖潜力的部位在乙酸乙酯与正丁醇部位。     

金钮扣不同提取物止咳化痰作用研究

目的:研究金钮扣不同提取物的止咳、化痰作用。方法:金钮扣用95%乙醇回流提取得到醇提取物,加水溶解后依次用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,浓缩得相应的萃取物和水相溶解部位。采用豚鼠枸橼酸引咳法、小鼠气管酚红法,观察金钮扣不同提取物的止咳、化痰作用。结果:金钮扣醇提取物组、乙酸乙酯组、正丁醇组和空白对照组的咳嗽潜伏期分别为133.5、138.4、137.1、87.8s,咳嗽次数分别为7、8、8和16次,酚红分泌量分别为1.031、1.014、1.262、0.656μg;醇提取物组、乙酸乙酯组和正丁醇组的咳嗽潜伏期延长、咳嗽次数减少、酚红分泌量增加,与空白对照组比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.01或P<0.05)。石油醚组、氯仿组和水溶部分组的咳嗽潜伏期、咳嗽次数及酚红分泌量,与空白对照组比较均无显著性差异。结论:金钮扣醇提取物止咳和化痰作用的有效成分主要集中在乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取部位。     

Antiviral activity of characterized extracts from echinacea spp. (Heliantheae: Asteraceae) against herpes simplex virus (HSV-I)

Extracts of 8 taxa of the genus Echinacea were found to have antiviral activity against Herpes simplex (HSV) virus Type I in vitro when exposed to visible and UV-A light. n-Hexane extracts of roots containing alkenes and amides were more active in general than ethyl acetate extracts containing caffeic acids. The most potent inhibitors of HSV were E. pallida var. sanguinea crude (70 % ethanol) inflorescence extract (MIC = 0.026 mg/mL), cichoric acid (MIC = 0.045 mg/mL) and Echinacea purpurea n-hexane root extract (MIC = 0.12 mg/mL).     

别克参提取物抗氧化活性研究

目的：研究别克参提取物的体外抗氧化活性。方法：采用清除二苯代苦味酰基（DPPH）自由基、2,2’-氨基-（3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二氨盐（ABTS）自由基与超氧阴离子（O2^-）自由基法,对别克参不同提取物的体外抗氧化活性进行评价。结果：别克参不同提取物清除DPPH·自由基、ABTS·自由基的能力强弱顺序为：乙酸乙酯提取物〉石油醚提取物〉正丁醇提取物〉水提取物。别克参不同提取物对O2^-自由基有一定的清除能力,但不明显。结论：别克参不同提取物抗氧化活性差异可能与各部位中所含抗氧化成分的种类和结构有关。