初治空洞肺结核54例临床分析

目的 探讨初治空洞性肺结核的临床特点及短程化疗效果。方法 回顾性分析54例初治空洞性肺结核的临床资料。结果 54例患者中发热49例，咳嗽50例，乏力、盗汗32例，白细胞总数升高40例，痰涂片结核菌阳性17例。X线胸片表现为单发、薄壁、干酪性空洞46例，病变累及3个以上肺野40例。完成6个月化疗后，病程10～30d者空洞治疗有效率77．8％(28／36)，病程30～60d者空洞治疗有效率44．4％(8／18)。结论 初治空洞肺结核多有典型的结核中毒症状，X线胸片以单发、薄壁、干酪性空洞为主，病变累及多个肺野，早期治疗有利于空洞吸收。     

艾滋病合并肺结核24例分析

目的探讨艾滋病合并肺结核的临床特点及治疗。方法对24例艾滋病合并肺结核进行回顾性分析。结果两病并发率由1998年的0．05％上升至2002年的0．73％。HIV感染途径为静脉吸毒(77．1％)及性途径(22．9％)；临床表现有发热(91．7％)，咳嗽(91．7％)，咳痰(79．2％)，明显消瘦(79．2％)，淋巴结肿大(54．7％)；胸部X线表现以继发性肺结核为主(66．7％)；合并病毒性肝炎50％，痰菌阳性率41．7％，PPD试验阳性率16．7％，14例抗结核治疗(3HRZE／9HRE)治愈或完成疗程，抗结核药物不良反应发生率为79．2％。结论艾滋病合并肺结核常发病急、症状重、PPD试验阳性率低、抗结核药物治疗不良反应多，应加强艾滋病高发区及高危人群肺结核患者并发艾滋病的警惕性。     

非杓型高血压与左室舒张功能关系的探讨

近年来，由于24小时动态血压监测技术（ABPM）对血压昼夜变异及其临床意义有了进一步的了解。我们运用这一技术和超声心动图观察了97例老年人，就非构型高血压对左室舒张功能的影响及其临床意义作初步探讨。资料与方法对象：97例病人均为我科60岁以上住院病人，年龄60～80（平均66．22土6．63）岁，男52例，女45例，平均病程16．33土0．用年。诊断按WHO高血压诊断标准，并排除各种继发性高血压和各种器质性心脏病、糖尿病患者。按构型、非构型分为二组。分组：夜间平均收缩压下降＞昼间l．33hP8（10mmHg）或夜间下降的百分率＞10％为构…     

100例老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重的临床分析

目的 探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重的发生，发展及治疗。方法 2003年9月到2004年2月，我院65岁以上的老年COPD急性加重的住院患者。结果 100例中合并慢性肺源性心脏病59例、冠心病17例、原发性高血压41例、合并高血压性心脏病12例、糖尿病14例、老年瓣膜性心脏病7例；发生心衰52例、呼吸衰竭37例、肾功能不全23例、肝功能不全8例、心律失常7例；其中合并1种其他脏器病变的患者24例，合并2种其他脏器病变的患者33例，合并3种及3种以上其他脏器病变的患者37例；死亡8例。合并1种其他脏器病变(1例)12．5％，合并2种其他脏器的病变(2例)25％，合并3种及3种以上其他脏器的病变(5例)62．5％；死亡组与非死亡组患者入院时的血白细胞，动脉血气等实验室指标比较，统计测定显著性差异。结论 老年呼吸道防御功能下降招致的呼吸道反复感染，可能是老年人COPD发病率增加的原因；老年COPD病患者多合并呼吸，心脏和其他脏器的病变；急性加重患者的处理，应在积极抗感染的同时注意其他脏器合并症和功能衰竭的治疗。     

老年肺结核87例临床分析

目的了解老年肺结核发生发展机制,观察老年肺结核的临床特点、诊断经过及治疗效果。方法通过对87例老年肺结核的临床表现、分型、实验室检查、误诊情况、合并症及并发症,分析老年肺结核诊治过程。结果本组87例中初治者66例,复治者21例;初治者66例中52例（78．8％）肺结核症状明显好转。全组87例中死亡者14例（16．1％）,其中2例死亡于结核中毒症状重,2例死亡于大咯血休克,3例死亡于呼吸衰竭,7例因合并肺癌而死亡。结论老年肺结核的临床表现不典型,容易漏诊和误诊,且并发症多,病程迁延,复治病例多,药物治疗效果差,临床应加重视。     

主动脉窦瘤133例临床分析

目的 探讨主动脉窦瘤的临床特点、诊断、治疗和预后。方法 回顾性分析133例主动脉窦瘤患的临床资料。结果 主动脉右冠窦瘤111例(83．5％)，无冠窦瘤16例(12．0％)，破入右房22例(16．5％)，破入右室87例(65．4％)，合并室间隔缺损67例(50．4％)，主动脉关闭不全32例(33．8％)；行主动脉窦瘤修补术或加固术115例，室间隔缺损修补术68例，主动脉瓣置换术32例，手术效果好。全组死亡5例。结论 超声心动图是确诊的主要手段，一经确诊尽早手术，术后预后良好。     

艾滋病合并结核分枝杆菌感染综合诊断技术的应用研究

目的分析结核分枝杆菌（TB）感染的诊断技术在艾滋病合并TB感染诊断中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析265例艾滋病合并TB感染患者,记录临床常用的TB感染实验室、影像学、组织病理学诊断结果和CD4^＋ T淋巴细胞计数,分析其相关性。结果265例患者中,临床表现为肺结核127例,肺结核并肺外结核80例,肺外结核58例（21．9％）。两者的CD4^＋T淋巴计数分别为（107．10±99．55）、（44．24±43．15）、（50．64±66．60）／μl,三组两两比较均有统计学差异（P均〈0．01）。不同诊断技术在肺结核、肺结核并肺外结核、肺外结核患者中的阳性率分别为痰涂片13．5％、6．3％、0,胸片21．1％、12．5％、3．4％,CT61．0％、52．4％、15．8％,1．干扰素释放试验75．0％、100％、83．3％,支气管镜检查36．4％、25．0％、0,组织病理检查54．5％、71．4％、63．6％。结论在CD4^＋T淋巴计数较低的艾滋病合并TB感染者的诊断中,γ-干扰素释放试验、支气管镜检查、组织病理检查受CD4^＋T淋巴计数高低影响小,使用综合诊断技术有助于提高诊断水平。     

步长稳心颗粒治疗慢性肺源性心脏病合并心律失常疗效观察

近年来，我们应用步长稳心颗粒治疗慢性肺源性心脏病合并心律失常患者，疗效显著。现报告如下。 临床资料：本文66例患者，男37例、女29例，年龄56～78岁、平均69．5岁．病程8～21a。其中房早29例．房颤9例，室早14例，短阵房速9例，短阵室速5例。将患者随机分成两组各33例，两组一般资料具有可比性。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺源性心脏病危险相关因素分析

目的：：探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病( COPD)合并肺源性心脏病危险相关因素。方法：选取50例慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺源性心脏病住院患者作为研究组,同时选取同期COPD未合并肺源性心脏病住院患者作为对照组,分析COPD患者发生肺心病的危险因素。结果：研究组患者在PaO2、 PaCO2、 CD4+/CD8+、 FEV1及FEV1/FVC方面均差于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)。疾病加重次数、吸烟指数及SGRQ评分是慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺源性心脏病的危险因素。结论：稳定患者病情,减少COPD急性发作次数,戒烟,及时疏导患者负性心理有利于降低慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺源性心脏病的危险性,提高患者生活质量,改善预后。     

优质护理在肺结核合并慢性肺源性心脏病的应用研究

目的探析优质护理在肺结核合并慢性肺源性心脏病中的应用效果。方法 72例肺结核合并慢性肺源性心脏病患者(2016年8月至2018年2月)为研究对象,电脑流水编号分组各36例,常规组应用常规护理,优质组应用优质护理,比较两组患者心肺功能指标变化及负性情绪。结果干预后优质组患者的FEV1、6MWD、LVEF指标数据高于常规组(P<0.05);优质组通过优质护理干预后负性情绪评分均明显低于常规组(P<0.05)。结论优质护理用于肺结核合并慢性肺源性心脏病中,可以改善患者的心肺功能及负性情绪,推广应用价值较高。     

140例维吾尔族青壮年肺结核合并肺原性心脏病患者的临床分析

目的 分析维吾尔族青壮年肺结核合并肺原性心脏病（简称“肺心病”）的临床特点和治疗情况。 方法 对2010-2012年间新疆喀什地区第一人民医院收治的140例年龄在20～55岁的维吾尔族青壮年肺结核合并肺心病患者的病程、临床特点、治疗情况进行回顾性分析。 结果140例患者中,咯血28例,肺部有啰音140例,肺气肿征象68例,肝脏肿大、下肢水肿81例,胸腹腔积液45例。心电图诊断肺心病62例,其中肺型P波者60例,肢体导联QRS低电压59例,心律失常51例。心脏彩色超声诊断肺心病78例。140例患者经过治疗,好转121例,死亡19例。 结论 维吾尔族青壮年肺结核合并肺心病患者临床症状不典型,需要及时发现和规范诊治,降低死亡率。     

Clinical aspects of precapillary pulmonary hypertension]

Cor pulmonale is present in 54-64% of patients with respiratory failure (mean PaO2: 52-54 Torr) receiving home oxygen therapy in Japan. This may imply that the development of clinical symptoms of cor pulmonale in the course of the disease more strongly reflects far advanced stage than the presence of respiratory failure. In this paper, clinical data from subjects with various forms of precapillary pulmonary hypertension were analysed with respect to correlation between the prognosis and the pulmonary vascular response to various therapeutic modalities such as acute administration of oxygen, vasodilator drugs, and surgery. The results were as follows: 1) In subjects with COPD, there was a significant correlation between mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PPA) and prognosis. Patients who showed decreased pulmonary vascular resistance (% delta PVR less than -10) after 100% oxygen inhalation had a good prognosis. 2) In subjects with sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis, there was no apparent correlation between the prognosis and % delta PVR after 100% oxygen inhalation. 3) In subjects with both COPD and sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis, the lowest value of desaturation during sleep was significantly correlated to the PPA during wake. 4) Analysis of 232 cases with primary pulmonary hypertension revealed the following prognostic factors: PPA, cardiac output, stroke volume index, pulmonary vascular resistance, mixed venous oxygen tension, right atrial pressure, total bilirubin, and total protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

肺结核合并糖尿病与单纯性肺结核临床疗效对比研究

目的探讨肺结核合并糖尿病病人的抗痨方案及其预后。方法选取2002年4月至2003年6月我院收治肺结核合并糖尿病及同期单纯肺结核初治病例各50例,对患者痰菌、病变情况、血糖及治疗结果等进行对比分析。结果轻、中、重型肺结核合并糖尿病组病灶吸收比例分别为90.00%、56.52%、52.94%,单纯肺结核组分别为92.31%、86.36%、86.67%,中型、重型合并糖尿病组与单纯肺结核组有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肺结核合并糖尿病时,两者相互有不利影响,对中型及重型病例,需要用胰岛素严格控制血糖水平,抗痨治疗疗程亦应延长。     

Lungenemphysem—Silikose—Cor pulmonale Ergebnisse statistischer Untersuchungen

Clinical and pathologic-anatomical investigations show differing results regarding the question, as to whether or not pulmonary emphysema and silicosis produce cor pulmonale. Therefore we have investigated the autopsy findings over a 10-year period with statistical methods. We wanted to determine correlations between cor pulmonale and pulmonary emphysema and between cor pulmonale and silicosis; also to be determined was if the combination of such pulmonary changes with cor pulmonale is statistically accidental and/or significant. Finally, we wanted to know, if there are correlations between the frequency of cor pulmonale and grading of silicosis. The documentation of the lung findings was done in most cases after fixation of the lungs and slicing of the discs. The hearts were fixed in formaldehyde; the amount of fat-free myocardium of the right and left ventricle and the septum was determined (method W. Müller, 1883). From 1960 to 1969 there were 5,983 autopsies evaluated in our institute. Of these cases, 1,507 cases were with lung emphysema and anthraco-silicosis. We have not evaluated the autoptic findings in children and young adults up to 30 years of age, or in patients with heart failure and hearts weighing more than 500 gr., myocarditis, tuberculosis, lung fibrosis, bronchus carcinoma and patients with diseases of the hemopoetic system. Our investigation showed the following results: 1,430 patients had different types of lung emphysema. 40.5% of these cases were combined with a cor pulmonale. With the “two-point-two-table chi-square-test” we found a significant correlation between lung emphysema and cor pulmonale. There were 542 patients with anthraco-silicosis from the Aachen area. 511 of these 542 patients also had concurrent lung emphysema. In 48.5% of those patients with silicosis, we found morphological signs of cor pulmonale. The correlations between silicosis and cor pulmonale had a high statistical significance. In contrast to these findings, we found no statistical correlation between grading of silicosis and cor pulmonale. These results are discussed and compared with the results from the literature.     

慢性肺心病患者血小板功能的研究

目的研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）所致肺心病患者血小板功能的变化。方法将研究对象分为肺心病急性发作期组（７６例）、肺心病缓解期组（５４例）和正常对照组（２７名），采用玻璃球旋转法、比浊法、放射免疫分析法、流式细胞术等分别检测各组血小板粘附率（ＰＡｄＴ）、血小板聚集率（ＰＡｇＴ），血小板膜α－颗粒膜蛋白（ＧＭＰ１４０）和糖蛋白Ⅱ（ＧＰⅡ）水平。结果肺心病急性发作期组ＰＡｄＴ、ＰＡｇＴ、ＧＭＰ１４０和ＧＰⅡ分别为３１％±１６％、１４％±８％，１９０±４９分子数／血小板和１４５％±３６％。在缓解期组，上述各项检测值分别为３３％±１３％、３８％±１６％、１７８±３３分子数／血小板和１３７％±４８％，而正常对照组则分别为２２％±８％、２９％±１３％和１２１±３０分子数／血小板和９６％±３１％。提示，在肺心病急性发作期ＰＡｄＴ、ＧＭＰ１４０、ＧＰⅡ水平明显高于正常对照组，在缓解期，ＰＡｄＴ、ＰＡｇＴ、ＧＭＰ１４０等均升高。结论慢性肺心病患者体内血小板被激活，血小板粘附、聚集、释放等功能增强。认识并纠正上述病理变化可能有助于肺心病疗效的提高。     

肺部疾病患者血浆D-二聚体测定的临床意义

目的　探讨凝血系统激活在肺部疾病发生发展中的作用及临床意义。方法　对 2 0 0 1年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 12月在我院呼吸科住院的肺部疾病患者血浆 D-二聚体浓度进行检测。结果　肺心病急重期和缓解期患者血浆D-二聚体浓度与对照组比较 ,差别有非常显著性意义 (x2 =34.89,P<0 .0 1) ,急重期与缓解期比较差异有显著性(P<0 .0 5 ) ,与肺结核组比较差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。肺小细胞癌及非小细胞癌患者 D-二聚体浓度与对照组比较差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ,与肺结核患者比较差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。肺结核进展期与好转期患者血浆 D-二聚体浓度与对照组比较差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　D-二聚体浓度检测对肺部疾病的诊断、预后及疗效判定有临床应用价值。     

Elevated plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels in chronic respiratory failure with cor pulmonale.

Elevated plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels have been described in patients with congestive heart failure and acute myocardial infarction. We measured plasma BNP levels in patients with chronic respiratory failure to evaluate the correlation between plasma BNP levels and pulmonary haemodynamics. Plasma BNP levels were measured in 28 patients with chronic respiratory failure accompanied by three underlying diseases [14 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), seven with sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis (sequelae Tbc) and seven with diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB)] by immunoradiometric assay methods (IRMA). Twenty-one of 28 patients had already received oxygen supplementation and 16 of 21 patients were treated as outpatients with home oxygen therapy. Plasma BNP levels were significantly elevated in patients with chronic respiratory failure complicated by cor pulmonale (81.5 +/- 13.1 pg ml-1) compared to patients without cor pulmonale (13.3 +/- 2.7 pg ml-1, P < 0.001). As controls, plasma BNP levels in 10 patients with primary lung cancer were studied, and the results (3.5 +/- 1.0 pg ml-1) were not significantly different from those of patients with chronic respiratory failure without cor pulmonale. Plasma BNP levels in 12 healthy subjects were also studied, and the results (7.2 +/- 1.0 pg ml-1) were not significantly different from those of the control subjects. Plasma BNP levels showed a weak linear correlation with systolic pulmonary arterial blood pressure, estimated by Doppler echocardiography (r = 0.43; P = 0.068), but there was no significant correlation between BNP levels and the degree of hypoxaemia (r = 0.30; P = 0.138). Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels in patients with chronic respiratory failure were also measured using the same samples. Plasma ANP levels were also significantly elevated in patients with chronic respiratory failure complicated by cor pulmonale (80.8 +/- 12.1 pg ml-1) compared to patients without cor pulmonale (26.1 +/- 4.4 pg ml-1, P = 0.003). A significant correlation was found between plasma BNP and ANP levels (r = 0.68; P < 0.001). Our results suggest that the plasma BNP or ANP level may be a useful indicator for detecting the presence of cor pulmonale in patients with chronic respiratory failure.     

COPD合并肺心病患者的心电图与超声心动图特征比较分析

目的比较慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并肺心病患者的心电图与超声心动图特征。 方法回顾性分析我院COPD合并慢性肺源性心脏病患者48例(观察组),无心血管疾病的COPD患者32例(对照组),统计分析入组患者的超声心动图和心电图特征,并比较两种检查对肺心病的诊断价值。 结果2组患者在年龄、性别、病程和吸烟史方面均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。对照组患者心电图异常为房性早搏为(18.75%),右束支传导阻滞、顺钟向转位、肢体导联低电压均为(6.24%),右心室肥大(3.12%),肺型P波、电轴右偏、室上速均未发现;观察组患者心电图异常为房性早搏(33.33%)、电轴右偏(29.64%)、右束支传导阻滞(22.91%)、肢体导联低电压(22.92%)、肺型P波(14.58%)、顺钟向转位(10.41%)、室上速(8.30%),观察组患者心电图异常的发生率均较对照组患者显著的增高(P<0.05)。超声心动图检查显示观察组RA和RV值较对照组亦有显著的增加(P<0.05)。分析发现心电图对肺心病的检出率为54.17%,超声心动图检出率为85.42%,显著高于心电图(P<0.05)。 结论心电图和超声心动图是检测心脏疾病的重要手段,各有优缺点,医生在临床工作中可根据患者病情,同时结合心电图和超声心动图结果,早期发现并诊断COPD发生肺心病,以提高肺心病的诊疗水平。     

Lungenemphysem—Silikose—Cor pulmonale Ergebnisse statistischer Untersuchungen

Clinical and pathologic-anatomical investigations show differing results regarding the question, as to whether or not pulmonary emphysema and silicosis produce cor pulmonale. Therefore we have investigated the autopsy findings over a 10-year period with statistical methods. We wanted to determine correlations between cor pulmonale and pulmonary emphysema and between cor pulmonale and silicosis; also to be determined was if the combination of such pulmonary changes with cor pulmonale is statistically accidental and/or significant. Finally, we wanted to know, if there are correlations between the frequency of cor pulmonale and grading of silicosis.The documentation of the lung findings was done in most cases after fixation of the lungs and slicing of the discs. The hearts were fixed in formaldehyde; the amount of fat-free myocardium of the right and left ventricle and the septum was determined (method W. Müller, 1883).From 1960 to 1969 there were 5,983 autopsies evaluated in our institute. Of these cases, 1,507 cases were with lung emphysema and anthraco-silicosis. We have not evaluated the autoptic findings in children and young adults up to 30 years of age, or in patients with heart failure and hearts weighing more than 500 gr., myocarditis, tuberculosis, lung fibrosis, bronchus carcinoma and patients with diseases of the hemopoetic system.Our investigation showed the following results: 1,430 patients had different types of lung emphysema. 40.5% of these cases were combined with a cor pulmonale. With the “two-point-two-table chi-square-test” we found a significant correlation between lung emphysema and cor pulmonale.There were 542 patients with anthraco-silicosis from the Aachen area. 511 of these 542 patients also had concurrent lung emphysema. In 48.5% of those patients with silicosis, we found morphological signs of cor pulmonale. The correlations between silicosis and cor pulmonale had a high statistical significance. In contrast to these findings, we found no statistical correlation between grading of silicosis and cor pulmonale. These results are discussed and compared with the results from the literature.     

Serum soluble Fas in patients with Schistosomal cor pulmonale

BACKGROUND: Schistosomal cor pulmonale is considered an important pathological condition in endemic areas. Few recent studies have reported the role of apoptosis in pulmonary hypertension. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess serum levels of soluble Fas (sFas), an inhibitor of apoptosis, in patients with schistosomal cor pulmonale as compared to patients with cor pulmonale due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and normal subjects. METHODS: Serum sFas was assessed in 15 men with schistosomal cor pulmonale (age 32 +/- 10 years), 15 men with chronic cor pulmonale secondary to COPD and 20 healthy men, matched for age. RESULTS: Serum levels of sFas were significantly higher in patients with schistosomal cor pulmonale (74 +/- 80 U/ml) than in patients with cor pulmonale due to COPD (15 +/- 10 U/ml) and normal subjects (19 +/- 11 U/ml, p < 0.001 in both). In patients with schistosomal cor pulmonale, sFas was significantly higher in patients with mean pulmonary artery pressure > 30 mm Hg as compared to patients with pressure < or = 30 mm Hg (109 +/- 97 vs. 34 +/- 20 U/ml, p = 0.01). There was a significant correlation between serum sFas and the mean pulmonary artery pressure in patients with bilharzial cor pulmonale (r = 0.4, p < 0.01), but not in patients with COPD (r = 0.1, p = NS). CONCLUSIONS: Serum sFas levels are elevated in patients with schistosomal cor pulmonale and they are related to the severity of pulmonary hypertension. These findings suggest a role of apoptosis in schistosomal cor pulmonale.