肝包虫病手术治疗的疗效评价

目的 评价肝包虫外膜内外囊完整摘除术与其他不同术式的疗效.方法 对我院1999年11月至2007年11月间收治的244例肝包虫病手术患者的疗效进行分析,188例获得随访,随访中位时间为36个月(3～96个月).术式分为传统术式(保留外囊组)和根治性术式组(切除外囊组),根治性术式组又分肝包虫外膜内外囊完整摘除术组和以肝切除技术为基础的外囊完整切除术组.观察指标为术后并发症、死亡率、原位复发率、生存率、生活质量.并对各组数据行统计学分析.结果 外囊切除术的术后残腔并发症及原位复发率均低于保留外囊术式组(P<0.01).而闭合性肝包虫外膜内外囊完整摘除术并发症低于其他根治性术式.外囊完整切除术生存率高、生活质量高于传统术式.结论 肝包虫外膜内外囊完整摘除术可降低残腔并发症发生率与原位复发率,而闭合性肝包虫外膜内外囊完整摘除术安全、有效、预后佳,应首选.     

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目的　探讨肝包虫囊肿外囊切除的价值及手术方式的选择。方法　对 1990～ 2 0 0 2年 60 1例肝包虫病病人手术情况进行回顾性分析 ,7种术式分为外囊切除术组与保留外囊术组 ;外囊切除术组又分“外膜内外囊切除术”组与以肝切除技术为基础的外囊切除术组。临床观察指标为手术耗时、术后平均住院日、出血量、术后并发症、手术死亡率、原位复发率等。并对各组临床数据进行统计学分析。结果　外囊切除术的术后残腔并发症发生率及原位复发率均低于保留外囊术组 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5)。外膜内外囊切除术组的出血量低于以肝切除技术为基础的外囊切除术组 (P <0 0 5)。结论　肝包虫囊肿外囊切除可降低残腔并发症发生率与原位复发率 ,但增加了手术难度及风险性。外囊切除手术方式中“外膜内外囊切除术”安全性高 ,应首选     

肝包虫囊肿外囊切除的价值及术式选择

目的分析肝包虫囊肿切除的价值及外囊手术实施的方式。方法回顾性分析我院收治的300例肝包虫病患者的手术资料,根据不同术式将患者分为保留带囊术组(41例)和带囊切除术组(259例)。结果外囊切除术患者术后原位复发率和残腔并发症发生率均低于保留外囊术组(P0.01)。以肝切除技术为基础的外囊切除术组患者的出血量高于外膜内外囊切除术组(P0.05)。结论肝包虫囊肿外囊切除可有效降低原位复发率和残腔并发症发生率,但手术的风险性与难度也随之增加。外囊切除手术选择外膜内外囊切除术安全、有效。     

肝包虫外囊切除在防治残腔并发症中的应用价值

目的　探讨肝包虫囊肿外囊切除在预防和治疗残腔并发症中的应用价值。方法　对83例首次发病肝包虫病患者实施肝包虫囊肿外囊切除术 ,并与 5 1 8例保留外囊术式的术后残腔并发症发生情况进行比较研究 ,评价外囊切除术对残腔并发症的预防价值 ;对 1 2例已患术后残腔并发症患者实施外囊切除术 ,评价外囊切除木对残腔并发症的治疗价值。结果　外囊切除术的术后残腔并发症低于保留外囊术式组 (P <0 .0 1 )。 1 2例已患术后残腔并发症患者实施外囊切除术后 ,无残腔并发症复发。结论　肝包虫囊肿外囊切除可有效的预防、治疗残腔并发症。     

肝包虫外膜内完整摘除术30例报告

目的：评价一种根治性治疗肝包虫病的新术式--肝包虫外膜内完整摘除术。方法：从1999年至今，对30例患者共45个肝包虫囊肿进行了“肝包虫外膜内完整摘除术”。结果：手术均获成功，未发生肝包虫外囊破裂囊液溢出，每个囊肿剥除平均失血量20ml，无手术死亡。21例患者获术后半年至2年随访，无复发、残腔形成及其他并症。结论：肝包虫外膜内完整摘除术具有并发症少、创伤小、操作简单、根治性治疗肝包虫病等优点。     

外膜内外囊摘除术治疗中央型肝包虫囊肿术后复发2例

我们应用外膜内外囊切除术治疗2例中央型肝包虫囊肿术后复发病例，效果良好，现报告如下。     

肝脏囊性病变外科治疗的回顾性分析

目的　提高肝脏囊性病变 (囊肿≥ 4cm )的外科治疗水平。方法　对 1983～ 2 0 0 3年我院外科治疗肝脏囊性病变的病因、外科治疗方式及预后进行回顾性分析。结果　本组肝脏囊性病变病人 64例 ,其中单纯性肝囊肿 5 7例 ,肝棘球蚴病 4例 ,肝胆管囊腺瘤 2例 ,肝胆管囊腺癌 1例。囊肿平均直径为 10 .4cm。 16例单纯性肝囊肿行经皮囊肿穿刺抽液术 ,术后所有病人囊肿复发。 5 2例单纯性肝囊肿病人施行了手术治疗 ,其中 2 8例剖腹行囊肿去顶术 ,6例术后复发 ;18例腹腔镜辅助下手术 ,2例术后复发 ;囊肿切除术 2例 ,肝叶或肝部分切除术 4例。 4例肝棘球蚴病行包虫囊肿内囊摘除术 ,无复发。 2例肝胆管囊腺瘤和 1例肝胆管囊腺癌 ,均行肝叶切除术。结论　巨大 (≥ 4cm)、有临床症状的单纯性肝囊肿行经皮囊肿穿刺抽液术均复发 ;囊肿去顶术复发率低 ,腹腔镜辅助下手术较剖腹手术创伤小。肝棘球蚴病行包虫囊肿内囊摘除术是有效的 ,复发率低。肝胆管囊腺瘤可能恶变 ,应早期手术切除。     

肝包虫外囊完整剥除术在肝包虫病手术治疗中的价值

目的 探讨肝包虫外囊完整剥除术在肝包虫手术治疗中的价值。方法 对223例肝包虫病患者手术情况进行回顾性分析,分为囊肿切除组（98例）与保留外囊组（125例）;囊肿切除组又分外囊切除组（87例）与肝叶部分切除组（11例）。观察指标为术后平均住院日、术中出血量、残腔并发症发生率及原位复发率等。结果 囊肿切除组术后残腔并发症发生率及原位复发率均低于保留外囊组（P〈0．01）。外囊切除组的术中出血量及住院天数均低于肝叶部分切除组（P〈0．01）。结论 肝包虫外囊完整剥除术可有效降低术后残腔并发症的发生率及原位复发率,在治疗肝包虫病的手术中是一种首选的合理术式。     

腹腔镜肝包虫外囊切除术治疗囊型肝包虫病疗效分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜肝包虫外囊切除术治疗囊型包虫病的临床疗效及应用价值。方法:2012年1月至2015年4月为22例肝囊型包虫病患者行腹腔镜手术,术前充分评估,静滴100 mg氢化可的松注射液,以防止过敏。沿肝组织与囊肿间纤维间隙切除包虫外囊,并妥善夹闭所遇血管及胆管。注意隔离囊液,标本装袋取出,高渗盐水浸泡术野防止复发及播散转移。术后予以抗寄生虫药物治疗及健康宣教。结果:全组手术均获成功,成功率100%,无一例中转开腹,无围手术期死亡病例。2例术中囊肿破裂,但获妥善处理,无过敏反应发生。手术时间50~230 min,平均(115±63)min;出血量50~600 ml,平均(230±155)ml;住院5~16 d,平均(7.2±2.6)d。1例术后出现胆漏,经治疗1周后痊愈。随访2~35个月,未见肝脏及腹腔包虫病复发。1例右肺下叶新发病灶。结论:对囊肿位置表浅、腹腔镜下易于暴露操作、直径小于10 cm的囊型包虫病,在有腹腔镜肝切除技术基础、有囊型包虫病处理经验的医院,腹腔镜下肝包虫外囊切除术安全、可行,可作为首选术式。     

肝包虫囊完整剥除术的手术技术与适应证探讨:附64例临床报告

目的探讨肝包虫囊完整剥除术治疗肝包虫病的适应证与疗效评价。方法从2002年6月至今，采用肝包虫囊完整剥除术治疗64例肝包虫病病人。结果全组病人术后恢复良好、无术后残腔积液、出血、感染等较严重并发症，其中2例出现胆瘘（3．13％），术后分别于第9和第12天愈合，随访4～32个月，目前尚无一例原位复发。结论肝包虫囊完整剥除术治疗肝包虫病可消除以往传统的内囊摘除术导致残腔复发和胆汁瘘等问题；与肝叶切除相比具有并发症少、创伤较小、操作较易掌握；根据本组临床治疗和随访，可认为是根治性治疗肝包虫的合理而可行的新术式。     

Management of Retrohepatic Inferior Vena Cava Injury during Hepatectomy for Neoplasms

The aim of this article is to discuss the management of retrohepatic inferior vena cava injury during hepatectomy for neoplasms. Step-by-step hepatic vascular exclusion, digital compression, finger pinching, and surface-to-surface suturing were used in the management of retrohepatic inferior vena cava injury during hepatic resection in 16 cases: 12 patients underwent exclusion of the hepatic artery and portal vein by portal triad clamping (PTC) only; 3 underwent PTC and exclusion of the infrahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC); and 1 underwent PTC together with exclusion of the suprahepatic and infrahepatic IVC. In all cases, bleeding stopped immediately after the management described, with no intraoperative deaths and no postoperative bleeding. The median follow-up was 42.5 months (range 19–60 months) for all patients, and the 5-year survival rate of all patients with malignant tumors was 28.57%. One died of lung metastasis 19 months after operation, one with spontaneous rupture of a hepatocellular carcinoma 19 months after operation, and eight others from recurrence or metastasis 21, 23, 24, 27, 30, 35, 50, or 54 months after operation, respectively. Two patients had a recurrence 4 years and 4 years 6 months after the initial operation, respectively. The recurrent tumors of the liver were resected. The other patients are currently alive without recurrence or metastasis. The techniques described are safe, simple, practical, time-saving, and effective for controlling massive bleeding arising from injury to the retrohepatic inferior vena cava during hepatic resection.     

Replacement of the vena cava with aortic graft for living donor liver transplantation in budd-Chiari syndrome associated with hydatid cyst surgery: a case report

A 12-year-old girl, operated because of a hydatid cyst of the liver, with Budd-Chiari syndrome was evaluated for postoperative development of ascites and paraumbilical varicose veins. A vena caval stent was placed for the relief of inferior vena caval obstruction. The patient was admitted because of progressive deterioration in ascites and liver functions. Imaging techniques showed degeneration adjacent to the right hepatic vein in liver segments 7 to 8, a partially calcified 5-cm hydatid cyst, and a thrombosis in the inferior vena cava was that addressed with a 10-cm metal stent. A living donor segments 2 to 3 liver transplantation was obtained from the patient's mother. After completion of the donor operation without complications, the vena caval stent was removed following the recipient hepatectomy. Suprarenal flow continued after resection of the fibrotic vena cava and placement of a cadaveric cryopreserved aortic graft for the vena cava, anastomosed between the suprarenal and subdiaphragmatic segments of the vena cava. An end-to-side anastomosis was performed between the left hepatic vein of the donor liver and the aortic graft. There was no complication and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 19. Follow-up Doppler ultrasonography showed the aortic vena caval graft to be open, along with the hepatic/portal vein and hepatic artery. This case demonstrated that operations for liver hydatid cyst surgeries can iatrogenically induce Budd-Chiari syndrome; a cryopreserved aortic graft can be an alternative to ensure the continuity of the vena cava in living donor liver transplantation.     

Surgical Treatment of Liver Echinococcosis — the Role of Laparoscopy

Background: The surgical approach to liver echinococcosis is still a controversial issue. This study shows our results of surgical treatment of liver hydatid cysts during a 5-year period.

Methods: A prospective study of 21 patients operated on in a 5-year period (1999–2003), in Dubrava University Hospital in Zagreb, Croatia, with hepatic hydatid cyst. All patients were pre-operatively treated with albendazole. In 12 patients, total pericystectomy without opening the cyst cavity was performed, 9 open and 3 laparoscopic. In the other 9 patients, partial pericystectomy was done, 6 open and 3 laparoscopic.

Results: There was no mortality after 5–65 months follow-up, but in 1 patient, in the open partial pericystectomy group, recurrence of the disease occurred after 3 years. When a laparoscopic procedure was done, there were no complications or recurrence. The median operative duration for open surgery was 100.0 min (range 60.0-210.0), and for laparoscopic surgery 67.5 min (range 60.0-120.0). The median length of hospitalisation for open surgery was 8.0 days (range 7.014.0), and for laparoscopic surgery 5.0 days (range 4.0-7.0).

Conclusion: Total pericystectomy without opening the cyst cavity, preceded by pre-operative albendazole therapy is the method of choice for hepatic hydatid cyst treatment. Despite the small group of patients, our first results show laparo-scopic total pericystectomy without opening the cyst cavity, in the treatment of hepatic hydatid cyst, as a good alternative to open surgery in selected patients.     

Banked depopulated vena caval homograft: a new strategy to restore caval continuity

This study reports one case of primary inferior vena cava (IVC) leiomyosarcoma. A 67-year-old woman was referred to the authors' clinic for evaluation. She presented complaining of epigastric and right upper abdominal quadrant pain. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a 5.2 × 6.4 cm heterogeneously enhancing mass involving the anteromedial aspect of the IVC, below the renal vein (segment I), deforming the duodenum. There was a partial intraluminal extension in the IVC. Laparotomic resection was performed, with total en bloc excision of the lower IVC tumor. The caval continuity was restored with concomitant interposition of a banked depopulated vena cava homograft. Histological findings showed leiomyosarcoma originating from IVC. The postoperative course was uneventful: Neither recurrence nor metastasis was evident at 4 years postsurgery.     

选择性肝血流阻断技术在肝肿瘤切除术中的应用

目的 探讨选择性肝静脉血流阻断术(SHVE)在复杂肝肿瘤切除术中的有效性和安全性.方法 在246例复杂肝肿瘤切除手术中采用选择性肝血流阻断技术,统计分析患者术前一般情况、术中情况、病理诊断、术后并发症等.结果 从2000年1月～2007年7月,在复杂肝肿瘤切除手术中246例肿瘤采用了选择性肝血流阻断技术.根据肝血流阻断方法的不同,完全SHVE(阻断第一肝门和所有主肝静脉,Total SHVE)145例,部分SHVE中阻断第一肝门和右肝静脉54例,阻断第一肝门和左中肝静脉47例.3例因术中发现瘤体侵犯下腔静脉壁而改为全肝血流阻断.结果 显示血流阻断过程中患者均保持血流动力学稳定,仅外周循环阻力和肺循环阻力轻度升高.术后患者无死亡发生,总并发症率为24.8%,平均住院天数为9.6 d.结论 选择性肝血流阻断技术是一种安全、有效的血流阻断技术,尤其适合用于位于第二肝门未侵犯下腔静脉的肿瘤切除.     

Surgical treatment for colorectal liver metastases involving the paracaval portion of the caudate lobe

BACKGROUND: Hepatic neoplasms in the paracaval portion of the caudate lobe (S1r) are usually difficult to treat surgically because such neoplasms often invade the hepatic veins and/or inferior vena cava (IVC). We reevaluated resected cases of colorectal liver metastases involving S1r to confirm the significance of aggressive surgical treatments. METHODS: Between July 1977 and December 2002, 95 consecutive patients with colorectal liver metastases underwent hepatic resection. Seven patients with liver metastases involving the S1r underwent resection. RESULTS: The surgical procedures for liver metastases comprised 3 isolated caudate lobectomies, 2 right hepatectomies, and 2 right hepatic trisectionectomies with caudate lobectomy. Combined resections included partial resection of the hepatic vein in 2 patients, wedge resection of the IVC in 3, and segmental resection of the IVC in 1. Six of the 7 patients with S1r metastasis had recurrent disease in liver and/or lung. A second hepatectomy was carried out in 4 patients and a partial lung resection in 2 patients. Four of the 7 patients survived more than 5 years, but 2 of them died of recurrent disease at 61 and 95 months after initial hepatectomy. The remaining 2 patients are alive 72 and 118 months without any sign of recurrence. The median survival time of the 7 patients was 60 months. CONCLUSION: Liver metastases involving the S1r could be resected radically with en bloc resection of the major hepatic veins and/or the inferior vena cava. An aggressive surgical approach with combined resection of the adjacent major vessels may offer a better chance of long-term survival in selected patients with caudate lobe metastasis from colorectal cancer.     

Extension incision for renal carcinoma including invaded vena cava and right lobe of liver.

We report on a thirty-five-year-old woman with renal cell carcinoma who successfully underwent right radical nephrectomy and extended right hepatic lobectomy with resection and reconstruction of inferior vena cava (IVC). A temporary bypass was placed between the infrarenal IVC and right atrium using a heparin-coated synthetic tube. The tumor was resected en bloc including right kidney, adrenal gland, hepatic lobe, and IVC. The IVC was reconstructed using an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (EPTFE) graft. Her postoperative course was uneventful with no signs of recurrence four years after surgery.     

Anesthetic management of a hydatid cyst adhering to the inferior vena cava

A patient with a hepatic hydatid cyst with fistula formation to inferior vena cava is reported. To carry out the resection, the cyst was isolated from systemic circulation by means of cardiopulmonary bypass. Inferior vena cava was cannulated through the right atrium until the implantation area of the cyst (above the hepatic veins) was surpassed. Bypass was carried out in 25 minutes by means of cannulation of the ascending aorta, without clamping the aorta, myocardial protection or hypothermia. Postoperative analgesia was achieved with a lumbar epidural catheter. Measures to prevent anaphylactic shock are recommended, an anesthetic technique based on the prevention of hypersensitivity reactions and a careful surgical technique to prevent hydatid dissemination.     

The use of hypothermia and circulatory arrest to control intraoperative bleeding from the inferior vena cava

Bleeding from the suprahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) was encountered in a patient undergoing repeat liver resection for the fourth time due to a recurrence of colorectal liver metastases. Bleeding was observed from an IVC tear above the liver and it was not possible to control it with traditional clamping procedures including total vascular exclusion (a suprahepatic clamp). Hypothermia, cardioplegia, and circulatory arrest were all required to control the bleeding. The inferior vena cava was reconstructed with a pericardial patch. The patient recovered well and was discharged on the 14th postoperative day.