桡动脉-头静脉侧侧吻合术在自体动静脉内瘘重建中的应用36例分析

目的 探讨桡动脉-头静脉侧侧吻合术在自体动-静脉内瘘重建中的手术方法和注意事项.方法 分析南通市老年康复医院2004-2009年36例终末期肾功能衰竭动静脉内瘘治疗临床资料. 结果 36例患者均施行桡动脉-头静脉侧侧吻合术,36例手术均获得成功,成功率100%.其中有3例术中吻合后开放血管不能触及震颤,立即拆除吻合口缝线,见吻合口处血栓形成,清除血栓后再吻合,血流通畅,有6例术后出现手背肿胀,数天后肿胀自行消失. 结论桡动脉-头静脉侧侧吻合术所建立的自体动静脉内瘘,手术过程简便,成功率高,是维持性血液透析患者建立血管通路的最佳术式.     

血液透析用鼻烟窝动静脉内瘘28例

目的探讨血液透析鼻烟窝动静脉内瘘的制作方法、通畅率、并发症及临床应用效果。方法 2007年7月以来,对28例慢性肾功能衰竭者在腕关节以远的解剖"鼻烟窝"部建立动静脉内瘘,采用头静脉与桡动脉的背侧支端侧吻合,6周后用于临床血液透析。结果 28例均为首次行内瘘术,术中即刻通畅率100%。3例术后近期内因血管闭塞,2例因流量不足在腕部行标准动静脉内瘘术。28例患者得到术后随访,随访时间2月至4年。透析后1年通畅率为75%,使用良好,并发症少。结论鼻烟窝动静脉内瘘扩大了可穿刺范围,保护了近端血管,可成为血管条件良好的长期血透患者的首选血液透析通路。     

维持性血液透析患者建立永久性的血管通路的临床应用

长期维持性血液透析(MHD)的患者需做动静脉内瘘吻合术,以减少患者穿刺时的疼痛和提高护士穿刺的成功率,从而得以保证透析患者透析时充足的血流量,达到理想的透析效果,是保证长期MHD患者顺利进行透析的必备重要条件.现将本院96例分别用显微外科血管缝合动静脉内瘘吻合和钛轮钉动静脉内瘘吻合两种手术方法给MHD患者建立一条有效的永久性的血管通路的完整资料统计总结如下.     

Fogarty导管在动静脉内瘘中的应用

目的通过使用Fogarty导管扩张血管的方法,提高血液透析动静脉内瘘术中血管条件不良时的通畅率。方法总结分析12例血管纤细、狭窄,经Fogarty导管扩张后行动静脉内瘘术患者的临床资料。结果12例患者10例血管通路通畅,无血栓形成;2例3 d后血管通路血栓形成,再次行取栓扩张重新吻合后血管通路通畅。结论慢性肾病患者需要建立动静脉内瘘完成维持生命的血液透析,在血管条件不理想,纤细、狭窄时使用Fogarty导管扩张血管,仔细修剪吻合口,能够建立良好的血管通路。     

显微镜下血管缝合在动静脉内瘘中的应用

内瘘是血液透析患的生命线，它的通畅与否影响透析血流量的大小，影响透析的充分性。由于血管情况的差异，常规使用钛环或肉眼直视下缝线吻合血管，手术成功率相对较低，吻合口血流量小，使用寿命短等不足。特别是糖尿病、高龄透析患、低蛋白血症、高脂血症、以及多次造瘘患用钛环或肉眼直视下缝线吻合困难较大。利用显微镜下血管吻合技术进行动静脉内瘘的制作，提高了内瘘手术的成功率。     

头静脉与尺动脉吻合内瘘术的临床应用

目的：报道头静脉与尺动脉吻合动静脉内瘘术的临床效果。方法：以桡骨茎突平面为起始点，分离头静脉。紧贴真皮下制备皮下隧道，将头静脉通过皮下隧道转位于前臂掌侧，应用两定点连续缝合法与尺动脉作端端吻合4例，端侧吻合12例。结果：术后随访3个月～2年，平均15个月，血管瘘口均通畅，头静脉充盈佳，显露好，易穿刺，满足透析需要。结论：头静脉与尺动脉吻合内瘘术是有效的造瘘方法，是桡动脉—头静脉内瘘术必要而有效的补充，尤其适用于桡动脉无法使用病例。     

血管鞘技术在动静脉内瘘手术中的应用及术后效果

目的观察血管鞘技术在动静脉内瘘手术中的应用及术后效果。方法 2010年8月~2016年11月在中国医科大学附属盛京医院行动静脉人工内瘘手术的患者共102例,随机分2组:传统组49例,采用头静脉-桡动脉端侧吻合的传统术式;改良组53例,采用血管鞘置入扩张的头静脉-桡动脉端侧吻合改良术式,比较2种术式的内瘘通畅率、内瘘血流量和透析时平均血流量。结果 102例手术中有5例失败,均为传统术式组,其余手术均1次成功。分别选择术后3个月、6个月、12个月3个阶段,比较2组患者术后内瘘血流量(t值分别为2.429,2.446,2.474,P值分别0.017,0.016,0.015)、内瘘通畅率(χ~2值分别为2.807,5.636,4.508,P值分别0.094,0.024,0.049)、透析时平均血流量(t值2.102,2.099,2.199,P值0.038,0.039,0.037),除3个月时2组通畅率比较差异无统计学意义外,改良组均明显优于传统组,差异有统计学意义。结论动静脉内瘘手术中应用血管鞘技术可以显著提高术后内瘘血流量、通畅率和透析时血流量,操作安全,可作为动静脉内瘘手术的新方法,值得推广。     

上肢自体动静脉内瘘目标血管个体化评估的临床意义

目的通过总结行上肢自体动静脉内瘘患者不同个体术前目标血管的评估方法及内瘘成熟率,探讨目标血管个体化评估的临床意义。方法对我科2012年6月至2013年5月行动静脉内瘘术的65例尿毒症患者,在术前根据患者情况采用物理检查、彩色多普勒超声、上肢静脉造影评估目标血管,确定目标血管后,行静脉与动脉的端侧吻合,术后常规予以扩血管、抗血小板治疗。结果本组63例成功吻合,成功率96．9％。术前用物理检查评估及确定目标血管25例,内瘘成功率92％（23／25）,彩色多普勒超声评估及确定目标血管23例,内瘘成功率91％（21／23）,上肢静脉造影评估及确定目标血管17例,自体动静脉内瘘3例,均为高位内瘘,成功率100％,人工血管动静脉内瘘14例,内瘘成功率100％。结论自体动静脉内瘘目标血管个体化评估既可确立目标血管、手术部位和手术方式,又可减少术前检查的盲目性,降低患者的费用。     

血液透析患者前臂动静脉内瘘的临床应用

目的探讨前臂自体动静脉内瘘在血液透析中的临床应用。方法对采用前臂自体动静脉内瘘术建立血管通路的128例慢胜肾衰竭血液透析患者,进行回顾性分析探讨,包括术前准备、具体显微手术方式、术后管理及并发症处理等。结果术毕内瘘通畅率100％,术后1周内瘘闭塞1例（0．78％）;术后3周首次穿刺血流量〉200ml／min 112例,150—200ml／min 11例,〈150ml／min5例;术后6周全组血流量均〉200ml／min;术后3年内内瘘闭塞9例（7．03％）。结论前臂自体动静脉内瘘术制作简便,远期通畅率高,且最大限度地保留了上肢的血管储备,是血液透析血管通路的首选。充分术前准备,运用改良显微外科缝合技术及严格术后管理,是保证内瘘成功和长期通畅的关键因素。     

静脉注水充盈结合自体动静脉内瘘改良端侧吻合术的临床运用

目的探讨静脉注水充盈法结合改良端侧吻合自体动静脉内瘘术的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析2012年10月～2018年8月在云南省第三人民医院行自体动静脉内瘘术的终末期肾病患者,采用的静脉注水充盈法结合自体动静脉内瘘改良端侧吻合术86例病例资料,以及常规端侧吻合术43例病例资料。对比2组患者术中及术后相关临床指标。结果静脉注水充盈法组与常规端侧吻合组比较,血管缝合时间,吻合口渗血补针率,吻合口直径,术后3个月内瘘成熟率,内瘘成熟时间均为静脉注水充盈法组有优势,差异有统计学意义(F/χ~2/Z值分别为14.276,4.963,-7.086,4.203,5.179;P值分别为0.001,0.032,0.001,0.043,0.031),但2组手术成功率无显著差异(χ~2=0.028,P=0.415)。结论静脉注水充盈法结合改良动静脉端侧吻合自体血管内瘘术较常规端侧吻合术,血管缝合时间短,手术野清楚,缝合简单可靠,有较为理想的吻合口宽度,内瘘容易成熟,尤其适用于静脉直径较小的自体动静脉内瘘术。     

A comparison of a new polypropylene suture with Prolene.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the performance of the newly available monofilament polypropylene suture (Surgipro) manufactured by U.S. Surgical and compare it with commercial Prolene sutures for determining the merit of this new suture. Two different sizes of Surgipro sutures were used. They were 4/0 and 0 sizes and were tested in terms of their fundamental properties: level of crystallinity, melting temperature, fiber morphology, and mechanical properties including knot strength and knot security. The effect of three different sterilization methods on the mechanical and fundamental properties of the new polypropylene (PP) sutures was also examined. In general, the new Surgipro sutures performed as good as Prolene sutures in terms of mechanical properties; but there were some differences in fundamental properties between these two types of PP sutures, particularly in finer size PP sutures. The major differences were in interior fiber morphology, level of crystallinity, and melting temperature. Surgipro suture fibers showed homogeneous interior morphology, while Prolene fibers exhibited two distinctive fiber morphologies. These two types of PP suture fibers also responded differently to the three sterilization methods tested. Surgipro sutures are less affected by different sterilization methods than the same size Prolene control. Except for the Co 60 gamma sterilization, Surgipro suture fibers did not exhibit statistically significant differences in tensile breaking strength between sterilized and control. Ethylene oxide and autoclave sterilized Prolene suture fibers, however, showed statistically (p less than 0.05) consistently lower tensile breaking strength than their unsterilized controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of suture material on gap formation and failure in type 1 FDP avulsion repairs in a cadaver model

BACKGROUND: An in vitro cyclical testing simulating a passive mobilisation protocol was used to compare repair of flexor digitorum profundus tendon with modified-Bunnell two-strand pullout technique using a monofilament (Prolene), braided polyester (Ethibond) and a synthetic polyfilament ensheathed by caprolactan (Supramid) sutures. METHODS: Eighteen fresh-frozen cadaveric fingers were randomly divided into three repair groups (n = 6); modified-Bunnell technique with 3/0 Prolene, Ethibond or Supramid. After repair, specimens were cyclically loaded from 2 to 15N at 5N/s, for a total of 500 cycles. Gap formation at the tendon-bone interface was assessed every 100 cycles. Samples were tested to failure at the completion of 500 cycles. FINDINGS: All sutures held in all specimens during cyclic testing. The gap formation after 500 cycles was greatest with Prolene suture (6.8 mm, SD 1.2) followed by Supramid suture (4.0 mm, SD 1.1) and Ethibond suture (1.7 mm, SD 1.7) (P < 0.05). Repairs with Supramid displayed higher failure load (52.7 N, SD 5.5) as compared to Prolene (37.6N, SD 4.7) (P = 0.001) but not compared to Ethibond (44.9 N, SD 7.1). The failure loads between Prolene and Ethibond did not differ (P = 0.130). INTERPRETATION: Gap formation with Ethibond was significantly lower compared to Supramid and Prolene. The four strand nature of the Supramid repair was superior to Prolene but did not differ compared to Ethibond with respect to failure load. Prolene is the least favourable suture when considering gap formation and failure load, while Ethibond is the most favourable.     

单向倒刺线与普通可吸收线在腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石一期缝合术中应用的对比研究

目的评价单向倒刺线(可吸收缝合线v-locTM180)在腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石一期缝合术中应用的安全性及效果。方法回顾性分析2014年7月-2015年6月该科由同一术者主刀完成的腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石一期缝合术86例,分为倒刺线连续全层缝合胆总管组(A组)、普通可吸收线连续全层缝合胆总管组(B组)、普通可吸收线间断全层缝合胆总管组(C组)。比较各组患者胆总管缝合所需时间、术中出血量、术后进食时间、术后住院天数和术后胆瘘发生的差异。结果 86例均顺利完成腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石一期缝合手术,术中不需放置T管,无中转开腹病例。A组胆总管缝合所需时间与B、C组相比均有统计学意义(P0.05);各组两组比较在术中出血量、术后进食时间和术后住院天数方面差异无统计学意义;A组术后未出现胆瘘,B组术后胆瘘1例,C组术后胆瘘2例。结论在腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合术中,单向倒刺线连续全层缝合胆总管是操作简单、安全可行的。     

免缝拉合胶与皮内缝合线闭合甲状腺手术切口效果的比较

【目的】对比研究皮肤免缝拉合胶与Protene皮内缝合线在闭合甲状腺手术切口的效果。【方法】将本组60例甲状腺手术患者随机分为免缝拉合胶组（30例）和Prolene组（30例）进行手术后切口缝合。观察闭合切口时间、术后切口疼痛程度、术后1周患者对切口愈合的满意度和美观效果及术后3个月切口瘢痕情况。【结果】在闭合皮肤时间方面免缝拉合胶组显著短于Prolene组,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。术后1周患者对切口愈合的满意度免缝拉合胶组显著高于Prolene组,差异有极显著性（P〈0．01）。在切口疼痛率和术后3个月切口瘢痕明显程度方面两组差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。【结论】皮肤免缝拉合胶作为一种新型闭合切口技术,能够显著缩短关皮时间,极大提高患者出院时的满意度,值得在甲状腺手术中大力推广。     

Totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass on the beating heart

Our aim was to develop a technique for totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass on the beating heart for patients with coronary artery disease. For this procedure, operations were performed through four thoracoports. The left internal thoracic artery (LITA) was harvested thoracoscopically. The pericardium was then opened and the left anterior descending artery (LAD) identified. The endoscopic stabiliser was inserted and transformed into a coiled ring shape. After suction, sufficient immobilisation of the LAD was achieved. The proximal snare was placed using a 5-0 Prolene suture to give a bloodless field. After blunt dissection of the coronary artery, an arteriotomy was performed with a sharp blade and enlarged with endoscopic Potts scissors. Using an endoscopic needle holder and forceps via two thoracoports at the fourth intracostal space, a conventional end-to-side anastomosis was safely created with an 8-0 Prolene single running suture. Total endoscopic beating-heart bypass grafting, including ITA harvest, stabilisation, arteriotomy and performance of the anastomosis, was performed successfully in three patients. There were no intraoperative arrhythmias, and no postoperative haemorrhage. The patients required no intensive care management postoperatively. All patients were ready for discharge on the fourth postoperative day. Postoperative angiogram revealed that anastomoses are patent. We conclude that the endoscopic stabiliser can sufficiently immobilise the heart to enable endoscopic beating-heart coronary artery bypass grafting by means of an easily controllable instrumentation system.     

Quality Management of massive transfusion protocol incorporating tranexamic acid adherence

Massive transfusion protocols (MTP) vary at different institutions. We implemented an algorithm in the transfusion service to support our Level I trauma center in 2007 and periodically monitor MTP utilization as part of ongoing quality management. At the last review in 2013, median plasma: RBC ratio was 1:1.8. We undertook a retrospective 3-year review of MTP activations stratifying by trauma versus non-trauma indications, and blood component utilization of the massive transfusion (MT) cases, adding a review of tranexamic acid (TXA) administration to the audit. The median transfused plasma: RBC ratio was 1:1.9 in trauma MT, and 1:1.6 in the non-trauma MT cases. Non-trauma MT patients at our institution were significantly older and more coagulopathic at MTP initiation compared to trauma MT patients, received fewer RBC units (15.5 versus 20.2), and had higher mortality. TXA adherence increased over the 3-year period to 60% of all trauma MTP activations in 2017.     

Selective digestive decontamination and empirical antimicrobial therapy of late–onset ventilator–associated pneumonia in trauma patients

ObjectiveTo assess the appropriateness of empirical antimicrobial therapy in trauma patients treated with selective digestive decontamination (SDD) who developed ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).MethodsRetrospective study comparing 199 trauma patients receiving SDD and 99 non-trauma patients not receiving SDD hospitalized in a polyvalent intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital.ResultsEarly-onset VAP were recorded in 76 (35%) patients. Late-onset VAP occurred in 86 (72%) trauma patients receiving SDD and 56 (56%) non-trauma patients not receiving SDD (P = 0.02). The empirical antimicrobial therapy was appropriate in 108 (91%) trauma patients receiving SDD and 82 (83%) non-trauma patients not receiving SDD (P = 0.1). In the patients who developed late-onset VAP, the empirical antimicrobial therapy was appropriate in 77 (90%) trauma patients receiving SDD and 49 (88%) non-trauma patients not receiving SDD (P = 0.9). De-escalation was performed in 52 (44%) trauma patients receiving SDD and 37 (37%) non-trauma patients not receiving SDD (P = 0.4). Recurrences were observed in 26 (22%) trauma patients receiving SDD and 18 (18%) non-trauma patients not receiving SDD (P = 0.6). These episodes were due to easy-to-treat pathogens in 75 (63%) trauma patients and 33 (33%) non-trauma patients (P = 0.01).ConclusionsSDD is not associated with a rise in the rate of inappropriateness of the empirical antimicrobial therapy in trauma patients developing late-onset VAP.     

单术者心脏起搏器植入不同缝合方法的临床研究

目的对比单术者心脏永久起搏器植入术切口采用不同缝合方法的差异。方法 2011年1月—2013年10月行单术者心脏永久起搏器植入术380例,随机分为连续缝合组和间断缝合组,每组各190例,观察并比较术中两种方法切口缝合时间、术后住院时间、囊袋血肿和感染发生率及切口愈合情况。结果连续缝合组手术切口缝合时间明显短于间断缝合组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后2周两组囊袋血肿发生率及术后住院时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),且两组均无囊袋感染病例。术后3个月内连续缝合组未见皮肤线头外露,间断缝合组皮肤线头外露6例(3.16%),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组手术切口均愈合良好。结论单术者起搏器植入术切口应用连续缝合法具有缝合时间短、无线头外露的优势,可作为单术者起搏器植入的常规缝合方法。     

非体外循环下左心室重建联合冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗左心室室壁瘤

目的评价在非体外循环下行左心室重建术＋冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗左心室室壁瘤的效果。方法左心室室壁瘤患者103例,在非体外循环下先行冠状动脉旁路移植术,其中乳内动脉与前降支吻合80例,大隐静脉-前降支或其他血管吻合21例,2例未搭桥,然后用2-0聚丙烯线围绕前间壁及心尖部室壁瘤基底部全层荷包缝合室壁瘤及室壁瘤的游离壁以消除死腔。结果术后发生低心排综合征10例,脑卒中2例,开胸止血2例,室性心律失常3例,死亡3例;手术前左心室舒张末内径（66.59±9.76）mm,术后减少到（50.00±5.30）mm（P〈0.05）;左心室舒张末容积由术前（165.20±59.48）mL减少到（85.60±23.70）mL（P〈0.05）;左心室射血分数由术前（35.70±0.05）%增加到（50.00±0.04）%（P〈0.05）。结论非体外循环左心室重建术＋冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗左心室室壁瘤手术操作简单,并发症少,近期疗效良好。     

补片法控制心脏直视手术中难治性出血七例临床分析

目的 探讨补片法控制心脏直视手术中难治性出血的临床价值.方法 2007年5月至2008年10月我院共发生心脏直视手术中难以控制的活动性出血7例,采用新鲜自体心包片(6例)或涤纶片(1例)作为修补材料,用5-0 Prolene线连续缝合进行控制,对止血效果进行分析.结果 本组7例术后24 h心包纵隔引流量均不超过500 ml,未再发生活动性出血,无胸骨和纵隔感染发生,均痊愈出院.结论 补片法可以有效控制心脏直视手术中难治性出血.自体心包片有很多优点,应尽量采用心包片作为补片材料,如果心包组织有水肿或感染等,涤纶片可以作为次选材料.