原头节抗原IFAT和IEST诊断人体包虫病的比较研究

以冰冻保存的绵羊棘球蚴内原头节为抗原作间接荧光抗体试验(IFAT)和间接免疫酶染色试验(IEST),检测对包虫病人、非包虫病人及键康人的敏感性、特异性及交叉反应性,并与间接血凝试验相比较(IHAT)。结果表明IFAT的敏感性和特异性分别为90.36％和97.67％;IEST的敏感性和特异性分别为96.55％和100.0％;两种方法均高于IHAT的敏感性(85.54％)和特异性(95.35％)。三种方法对血吸虫感染者和癌症病人血清均无交叉反应,但对囊虫病人的交叉反应率为IFAT(51.35％)>IHAT(37.84％)>IEST(21.62％)。以原头节为抗原IEST诊断人体包虫病敏感性高、特异性强,适用范围广,不需特殊设备,具有现场应用价值。     

比较三种免疫诊断试验用于人体包虫病血清流行病学的研究

目前认为Casoni皮内试验由于它的非特异性而不适用于人体包虫病流行病学的调查。本文对诊断包虫病的3种免疫诊断试验:乳胶凝集试验(LA)、间接血凝试验(IHA)及对流免疫电泳试验(CIEP)的敏感性和特异性作了比较。用绵羊棘球蚴液(HCF)体抗原,试验血清共123例:手术证实为包虫病患者的血清30例;其他寄生虫及传染病患者血清33例;无     

宿主感染细粒棘球蚴免疫反应的研究进展

棘球绦虫的中绦期寄生于人体和动物 ,可导致棘球蚴病(也称为包虫病 )。由细粒棘球蚴绦虫 (Echinococcus granulosus,E.g.)所致的包虫病称为囊型包虫病 ,它是一种严重危害人畜健康的人兽共患寄生虫病。棘球蚴在宿主体内发育缓慢 ,人往往在感染数月甚至数年后因出现临床症状而被发现。细粒棘球蚴感染激发宿主产生免疫应答的机制较为复杂。细粒棘球蚴抗原成分多且可在特定的生活史阶段 (期 )表达特定的抗原 ,产生不同的特异性免疫应答 [1 ]。机体感染 E.g.后的初期 ,尤其是以前曾有过接触的患者对免疫杀伤作用较为明显 ,而一旦包囊在宿主体内…     

绵羊牦牛棘球蚴囊液及囊壁抗原的SDS—PAGE分析

本文应用十二烷基硫酸钠—聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)对绵羊、耗牛棘球蚴囊液及绵羊棘球蚴囊壁可溶性粗抗原的蛋白组分进行了分析。使用10％凝胶,采用垂直板型电泳、考马斯亮兰R—250染色进行SDS-PAGE的结果表明,绵羊及耗牛棘球蚴囊液分别含有16及11种蛋白组分,分子量范围分别为270～16.5KD及280～17KD;主带均为8条。绵羊棘球蚴囊壁可溶性粗抗原共显示17条蛋白带,分子量范围245～17KD,主带8条。本项研究为进一步分析分离特异性抗原奠定了基础。     

检测包虫病患者血清特异IgG4诊断价值的研究

目的探讨检测患者血清特异IgG4诊断包虫病的效果.方法采用两种抗原(棘球蚴囊液粗抗原及其抗原B)通过ELISA法检测棘球蚴病病人、非棘球蚴病病人和健康对照血清特异IgG4.结果粗抗原和抗原B检测棘球蚴患者血清特异IgG4的阳性率分别为94.4%和89.8%;与部分猪囊尾蚴病患者血清出现交叉反应外,与肺吸虫病、旋毛虫病、血吸虫病、肝囊肿等患者的血清以及健康对照血清均未出现交叉反应.结论检测棘球蚴患者血清特异IgG4敏感性高,特异性强,具有较好的诊断价值.     

锡林郭勒盟包虫病流行现状调查

目的 了解包虫病在内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟流行状况,为有效防治包虫病提供依据.方法 按<内蒙古自治区棘球蚴病防治试点研究项目实施方案>的要求进行.结果 人群包虫病感染率为27.6%;B超行腹部探查286人,查出23例病人,患病率为2.8%;家(牧)犬细粒棘球蚴绦虫感染率为33.0%;屠宰绵羊棘球蚴感染率70.4%,其中肝棘球蚴感染率64.2%(154只),肺棘球蚴感染率6.3%(15只),混合型感染率6.3%(10只);包虫病防治知识知晓率为2.1%,总行为形成率为4.1%.结论 采取有效措施防治包虫病流行已刻不容缓.     

组合抗原在人类包虫病与囊虫病快速鉴别诊断中的应用

为研究包虫病与囊虫病之间的鉴别方法,通过纯化羊肝细粒棘球蚴囊液抗原（EgB)、泡球蚴组织抗原（Em2)、猪囊虫囊液抗原（Tsc2)后,分别检测包虫病、囊虫病,其它寄生虫病及正常对照观察组的血清,结果发现它们对相应寄生虫病的敏感性都在91%以上,对除绦虫病以外寄生虫病患及正常健康对照组都有较好的特异性,但它们各自对细粒棘球蚴病,泡状棘球蚴病和囊虫病的诊断都有程度不同的交叉反应,然而将上述抗原进行组合后再对同一标本进行检测,表明EgB单项阳性可以诊断细粒棘球蚴病,Em2单项阳性及Em2 EgB阳性可以基本诊断泡状棘球蚴病,Tsc2单项阳性可以诊断囊虫病患,Em2 EgB Tsc2同时阳性则考虑囊虫病可能性为大,乘下极少数的患Tsc2 Em2同时阳性则需根据临床表现考虑对囊虫病和泡状棘球蚴病进行临床鉴别诊断。     

甘南藏族自治州中间宿主牦牛、绵羊棘球蚴感染状况调查

目的掌握甘南藏族自治州中间宿主棘球蚴感染状况,为本地区包虫病的传播动力学研究及开展大规模包虫病防治做好前期工作。方法对碌曲县和玛曲县当地牦牛、绵羊作包虫病病原学检查,记录囊肿大小、数量、寄生部位及性质等,并用10%甲醛溶液固定,做病理切片检查。结果剖检绵羊4309头,细粒棘球蚴感染率为10.61%（457/4309）,多房棘球蚴感染率为0.14%（6/4309）;剖检牦牛3645头,细粒棘球蚴感染率为9.16%（334/3645）,多房棘球蚴感染率为0.14%（5/3645）。结论该地区牦牛及绵羊细粒棘球蚴感染率较高,并有多房棘球蚴感染。     

三种免疫试验诊断人体棘球蚴病的评价

作者等对间接红细胞凝集反应(IHA)、胶乳凝集反应(LA)以及免疫电泳试验(IEP)对棘球蚴病的敏感性和特异性作了比较。3种试验用的抗原均以绵羊棘球蚴囊液制成。试验用的棘球蚴病人血清包括外科证实的35份,手术前X线诊断的18份,其中IEP试验呈现阳性诊断弧的15份,手术后外科证实的17份和手术后尚有残存蚴囊的4份。另外,     

检测包虫病患者血清特异IgG4诊断价值的研究

目的 探讨检测患者血清特异IgG4诊断包虫病的效果。方法 采用两种抗原（棘球蚴囊液粗抗原及其抗原B）通过ELISA法检测棘球蚴病病人、非棘球蚴病病人和健康对照血清特异IgG4。结果 粗抗原和抗原B检测棘球蚴患者血清特异IgG4的阳性率分别为94．4％和89．8％;与部分猪囊尾蚴病患者血清出现交叉反应外,与肺吸虫病、旋毛虫病、血吸虫病、肝囊肿等患者的血清以及健康对照血清均未出现交叉反应。结论 检测棘球蚴患者血清特异IgG4敏感性高,特异性强,具有较好的诊断价值。     

滤纸干血滴间接荧光抗体试验应用于人体包虫病诊断和流行病学调查的研究

1986～1988年我们应用绵羊棘球蚴囊壁冰冻切片抗原作间接荧光抗体试验分别检测了13例包虫病人血清和滤纸干血滴,结果均为阳性,阳性率为100％(13/13);24例健康人血清和滤纸干血滴的阴性率分别为95.8％(23/24)和100％(24/24)。本方法敏感性和特异性较高,可节省抗原材料,采血简便易行,是包虫病较为理想的辅助诊断方法。为了研究其实用价值,我们又检测了甘肃省天祝县251人,漳县242人和会宁县683人,阳性率分别为4.78％(12/251),5.37％(13/242)和1.17％(8/683),其结果与间接血凝试验的结果(阳性率分别为4.78％,4.96％和0.9%)之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。作者认为将该方法用于包虫病流行区人群的血清流行病学调查,可反映人群包虫病的感染率。     

包虫病人血清特异性抗包虫IgG和IgM的检测及其临床意义探讨

本文报告应用IFAT法检测包虫病人血清中特异性包虫IgG和IgM的初步结果。44例正常人血清特异性IgG和IgM的假阳性率均为0％,83例包虫病患者血清特异性IgG和IgM的阳性检出率分别为96.36％和19.28％,二者有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。提示现症包虫病患者血清中的特异性抗包虫抗体主要为IgG。在16例特异性IgM阳性病人中,有9例存在包虫囊破裂,7例为肺包虫或肝肺混合包虫病患者,表明特异性IgM在包虫囊破裂时升高,肺包虫病人比肝包虫病人检出率高。提示包虫病人血清中的特异性IgM抗体水平与包虫囊的生活状态有关。     

青海省共和县包虫病流行病学调查

为查明青海省共和县包虫病的流行现状、分布特征及其影响因素 ,用卡松尼皮内试验 ( ID)、间接红细胞凝集试验( IHA)、酶联免疫吸附试验 ( EL ISA)和 B超检查人群包虫病的感染与患病情况 ;用剖检观察触摸法检查家畜棘球蚴病的感染情况 ;用氢溴酸槟榔碱口饲导泻法检测家犬细粒棘球绦虫 ( Echinococcus granulosus,缩写为 Eg.下同 )的带虫情况。结果显示 ,ID、IHA、EL ISA检查阳性率依次为 12 .14%、4.0 4%和 4.6 5 % ,人群囊型包虫病患病率为 2 .6 7% ,藏族居民的囊型包虫病患病率显著高于汉族 ;绵羊和牦牛的棘球蚴感染率分别为 6 2 .91%和 46 .15 % ,母绵羊的棘球蚴感染率显著高于羯绵羊 ;家犬的 Eg.带虫率为 36 .0 0 % ,牧业点犬的 Eg.带虫率显著高于农业点和乡镇居民点。提示该地区为包虫病高发流行区 ,积极推行控制包虫病流行措施十分必要     

用斑点免疫结合试验比较三种棘球蚴液抗原在诊断泡球蚴病上的价值

本文用人、羊、牛肝棘球蚴液抗原对４３例泡球蚴病,８１例非泡球蚴病患者和７５例健康人进行了斑点免疫结合试验（ＤＩＢＡ）。结果显示：人、羊、牛棘球蚴液抗原检测的阳性率各为１００％、１００％和８６．０％,前二者与后者差异显著（Ｐ均＜０．０５）;假阳性率分别为０．６％、０．６％和０％,三者无显著差别。泡球蚴患者抗体滴度在１∶４００～１∶６４００范围者,前两者均占９７．７％,显著高于后者的５６．１％（Ｐ均＜０．０１）。抗体几何平均滴度前两者分别是后者的５．１８倍和４．６２倍,差异均有高度显著性（Ｐ均＜０．０１）。说明在诊断泡球蚴病时宜用前两种抗原。     

高强度聚焦超声辐照后细粒棘球蚴囊壁的病理变化

目的 观察细粒棘球蚴囊壁在高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）辐照后的病理改变。方法 采集感染细粒棘球蚴的新鲜羊肝，选取囊壁较薄、触摸弹性较好的细粒棘球蚴30个。采用随机抽样方法等分为3组，每组10个包囊。对照组，用普通诊断超声照射2 min。处理组1和处理组2分别用150 W和250 W声功率对细粒棘球蚴包囊进行沿囊壁多层面的环形扫描，层面间距为5 mm，扫描速度为3 mm/s，照射时间2～10 min（根据包囊大小）。取出照射后先肉眼观察细粒棘球蚴包囊大体改变，后取囊壁组织分别制作病理切片和透射电镜切片，观察其病理改变。 结果 HIFU（250 W）辐照后，细粒棘球蚴包囊剪开处内囊壁立即发生卷曲，剥离出的内囊颜色变白、变硬、透光度降低。病理切片显示，HIFU辐照后细粒棘球蚴的内囊壁上角皮层与生发层大部分发生分离。电镜观察结果显示，HIFU辐照后细粒棘球蚴的角皮层纤维纹理明显改变，生发层细胞发生裂解性破坏。 结论 HIFU沿细粒棘球蚴囊壁的多层面的环形照射可明显损害细粒棘球蚴囊壁。     

Hydatid disease of bone: a report of 2 cases

INTRODUCTION: The hydatid cyst of Echinococcus granulosus tends to develop in liver. The primary bone hydatidosis is rare. EXEGISIS: The authors report 2 cases of primary hydatidosis of bone in a 57 year old men and 60 year old diabetic women. The symptoms and signs were not specific. The ultrasound investigation: standard radiography and computed tomographic scan, was suggestive of the lesion. The chest radiograph and the abdominal ultrasound were normal. Serological tests for hydatid disease were positive. The two patients have surgical excision and medical treatment: Albendazole administrated for 6 months. Histologic evidence confirmed the diagnosis. The outcome was good for both patients without recurrence after 2 years. CONCLUSION: Through these 2 cases and a review of the literature, the authors analyse the epidemiological and clinical aspects of bone hydatidosis and discuss the therapeutic procedures.     

Right ventricular hydatid cyst ruptured to pericardium

Cardiac hydatidosis is rare presentation of body hydatidosis. Incidence of cardiac involvements range from 5% to 5% of patients with hydatid disease. Most common site of hydatid cyst in heart is interventricular septum and left ventricular free wall. Right ventricular free wall involvement by cyst that ruptured to pericardial cavity is very rare presentation of hydatid cyst. Cardiac involvement may have serious consequences such as rupture to blood steam or pericardial cavity. Both the disease and its surgical treatment carry a high complication rate, including rupture leading to cardiac tamponade, anaphylaxis and also death. In the present report, a 43-year-old man with constrictive pericarditis secondary to a pericardial hydatid cyst is described.     

Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) for immunodiagnosis of hydatid diseases in sheep

This study was undertaken to investigate antigenic characteristics of hydatid cyst fluid in sheep by SDS-PAGE method, to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay for diagnosis of sheep hydatidosis, and to determine seroprevalance of hydatidosis in sheep population in Elazig, Turkey. SDS-PAGE analysis of hydatid cyst fluids indicated that 6 specific-protein bands were detected at molecular weights of 29, 45, 58, 68, 98 and 116 kDa. EITB analysis showed presence of 29, 38, 42, 58, 62, 68, 98, 116, 120, 150 and 205 kDa bands in positive sheep sera, while 38, 58, 62, 68, 116 and 205 kDa bands were detected in negative sheep sera. Therefore, it was concluded that the 116 kDa band was specific for diagnosis of sheep hydatid disease by EITB assay. Sensitivity and specificity of EITB assay were determined as 88% and 84%, respectively, whereas corresponding rates for ELISA were 60% and 94%, respectively. Sensitivity of ELISA was 47.3% in hepatic cysts, 60% in pulmonary cysts, 69.2% in hepato-pulmonar cysts. Sensitivity ratios of ELISA were 67.8%, 75%, and 38.4% for fertile, sterile, and under-growth cysts, respectively. Sensitivity of EITB was found 84.2% in hepatic cysts, 80% in pulmonary cysts, and 92.3% in hepato-pulmonar cysts. Corresponding ratios for sensitivity of EITB for fertile, sterile, calcified, and under growth cysts were 92.8%, 75%, 100%, and 84.6%, respectively. In addition, seroprevalance of hydatidosis in sheep was found as 62% by ELISA and 66.4% by EITB in Elazig, Turkey and seroprevalance increased by age.     

Serodiagnosis of human hydatidosis with an ELISA developed based on antigens derived from sheep hydatid cysts and comparison with a commercial human ELISA kit

ObjectiveTo explore the serodiagnosis of hydatid cyst in human using different antigens of sheep (hydatid fluid, Somatic and Excretory/secretory antigens of protoscolex) by ELISA and compares this result with commercial human ELISA kit.MethodsOne hundred blood samples from patients with history of severe abdominal pain and eosinophilia were obtained. Ten serum samples were obtained from surgically and pathologically confirmed cystic echinococcosis patients from Mashhad university hospital as positive control and 5 serum samples from infant under one year old as negative control. Blood samples were centrifuged at 3 000μg at 20 °C for 15 min and sera were stored at ?20 °C. First, these samples were tested for the presence of antibody by commercial human ELISA. Then, ELISA was developed on microplates coated with hydatid fluid, Somatic and Excretory/secretory antigens of protoscolex of sheep.ResultsThe results of this study as analyzed by Kappa test showed that, hydatid fluid antigen could be used as a precise source of detection in indirect ELISA test.ConclusionsHydatid fluid in comparison with Excretory-secretory and somatic antigens showed more compatibility agreement in kappa test which can be used for further studies in development of any ELISA test for diagnosis of human hydatidosis.