HPLC测定冠心七味片中丹参素的含量

目的:建立HPLC测定冠心七味片中丹参素含量的方法。方法:采用Shim-pack CLC-ODS(4．6 mm×150 mm)色谱柱;流动相为甲醇-乙腈-磷酸三乙胺水溶液(5:2:93),检测波长为281 nm,流速为1．0 ml·min-1。结果:丹参素在0．08-0．73μg范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0．999 7),平均回收率为97．22％,RSD为1．66％。结论:方法较简单、快速、分离度好,结果稳定,可作为本品的质量控制方法。     

RP-HPLC法测定五仁醇胶囊中五味子乙素含量

目的:建立测定五仁醇胶囊中的五味子乙素含量的HPLC法。方法:Kromasil ODS C_(18)柱(250 mm×4．6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-水(65:35)为流动相,流速1．0 ml·min~(-1);检测波长为254 nm。结果:五味子乙素在0．10-2．52μg范围内,线性关系良好(r=1．000 0),平均回收率为100．0％,RSD 1．1％(n=5)。结论:该方法可用于五仁醇胶囊的质量控制。     

HPLC测定肝得治胶囊中原儿茶醛、丹参素含量

目的 高效液相色谱法测定肝得治胶囊中原儿茶醛、丹参素的含量。方法 采用ODSC，柱（5μm，4．6mm×250mm），流动相为甲醇-1％冰醋酸（18：82），检测波长为280mm，流速1．0ml／min，柱温：室温。结果 原儿茶醛在2．9～58μg／ml之间线性良好，γ=0．9999；丹参素在7．1～142μs／ml之间线性良好，γ=0．9999；原儿茶醛平均回收率100．3％，RSD=3．4％（n=6），丹参素平均回收率99．5％。RSD=1．9％（n=6）。结论 该方法能准确可靠地同时测定肝得治胶囊中原儿茶醛、丹参素含量，能够有效地控制该制剂的质量。     

高效液相色谱法测定祛斑合剂中原儿茶酸的含量

目的:建立HPLC法测定祛斑合剂中丹参成份原儿茶酸含量。方法:色谱柱为Hypersil C18柱(200 mm×4．6 mm,5μm)流动相为甲醇-2．5％冰醋酸溶液(2．7:97．3),流速1．0 ml·min-1,检测波长为260 nm。结果:原儿茶酸的线性范围为1．3-20．5μg·ml-1(r=0．999 8),平均回收率101．5％,RSD为1．4％。结论:该方法快速、准确、重现性好,适用于祛斑合剂的含量控制。     

HPLC法测定丹枣口服液中丹参素及原儿茶醛的含量

采用HPLC法同时测定丹枣口服液中的丹参素及原儿茶醛。方法：选用Kromasil ODS C18色谱柱（200mm×4．6mm,5μm）,流动相甲醇-1％冰醋酸（12：88）,检测波长280nm,流速1．0ml·min^-1。结果：丹参素钠、原儿茶醛分别在进样量0．28～2．82μg（r=0．999 5）,0．05～0．55μg（r=0．999 9）范围内呈良好线性关系。丹参素钠、原儿茶醛平均回收率分别为100．9％（RSD=2．5％）,99．3％（RSD=2．2％,n=9）。结论：方法简便、准确,重复性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定通脉颗粒中丹参素的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法(HPLX法)测定通脉颗粒含量的方法。方法:色谱柱为Packed ODS-A C18柱(250mm×4．6mm),以甲醇-1％冰醋酸(12:88)为流动相,流速为1ml／min,检测波长为280mm。结果:丹参素进样量在0．72-2．88μg范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0．9999),方法的平均回收率为99．42％,RSD为0．93％(n=6)。结论:高效液相色谱法简便,准确,重现性好,可作为通脉颗拉的含量测定方法。     

HPLC法测定麻仁丸中大黄素和大黄酚的含量

目的:建立麻仁丸中大黄素和大黄酚含量测定的方法。方法:色谱柱为Thermo ODS C18柱(250 mm×4．6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0．1％磷酸溶液(85:15),流速为1．0 ml·min-1,检测波长为254 nm。结果:大黄素在0．01-0．29μg(r =0.999 5);大黄酚在0．03-0．52μg(r=0．999 4)范围内线性关系良好。大黄素及大黄酚的平均回收率分别为100.4％(RSD =0．9,n=5),100．1％(RSD=0．3％,n=5)。结论:方法准确可靠。     

HPLC法测定珍菊降压片中氢氯噻嗪和芦丁含量

目的:建立HPLC法测定珍菊降压片中氢氯噻嗪和芦丁的含量。方法:用Lbicbrospher C18柱(200 mm×4．6 mm,5μm),以0．05 M枸橼酸溶液-乙腈(82:18)为流动相,流速:1．0 ml·min-1,检测波长:270 nm。结果:氢氯噻嗪线性范围0．50- 4．03μg(r=0．999 9),平均加样回收率99．9％(RSD=0．7％)、芦丁线性范围1．99-15．94μg(r=0．999 6),平均加样回收率98．7％(RSD=0．8％)。结论:该方法简单,快速,可控制本品的质量。     

HPLC法测定救尔心胶囊中丹参素钠的含量

目的：建立高效液相色谱法测定救尔心胶囊中丹参素钠含量的方法。方法：色谱柱为Phenomenex C18柱（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）,以甲醇．1％醋酸溶液（5：95）为流动相,检测波长为280nm,流速为0．8ml·min^－1,柱温为22℃。结果：丹参素钠在8．0—200．2μg·ml^-1范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9999）,平均加样回收率为99．4％（RSD=0．7％）。结论：该方法简便、准确,重复性好,可作为救尔心胶囊中丹参素钠的含量测定方法。     

丹参注射剂中丹参素、原儿茶酸、原儿茶醛和丹酚酸B的同时测定

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定丹参注射剂中丹参素、原儿茶酸、原儿茶醛和丹酚酸B等4种有效成分的含量。方法:色谱柱为Hypersil C18(4.6 mm ×250 mm,5μm);流动相由甲醇(A)和5％冰醋酸(B)组成,进行梯度洗脱,在0～5 min,B体积分数为90％,5～10 min,B体积分数由90％线性改变至65％,10～20 min,维持B体积分数为65％,流速为1.0 mL·min-1;柱温30℃,检测波长为281 nm;对羟基苯甲酸作为内标物。结果:丹参素、原儿茶酸、原儿茶醛和丹酚酸B浓度分别在3.95～47.4μg·mL-1(r=0.9996)、4.47～53.6μg·mL-1(r=0.9996)、5.14～61.7μg·mL-1(r=0.9999)和8.40～117μg·mL-1(r=0.9994)范围内呈良好线性关系,丹参素、原儿茶酸、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B的平均回收率分别为99.45％(RSD=3.6％,n=6),97.57％(RSD=2.8％,n=6),100.2％(RSD=3.9％,n=6)和100.2％(RSD=3.2％,n=6)。测定了6批丹参注射液样品。结论:方法简便,分离效果好,能同时测定丹参注射剂中丹酚酸B、丹参素、原儿茶醛、原儿茶酸等4种水溶性成分的含量,结果准确可靠。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.