MSCT评估肝癌伴肝硬化患者肝脏储备功能中的价值分析

目的 探讨MSCT评估肝癌伴肝硬化患者肝储备功能的价值.方法 选取2014年2月至2016年3月在我院治疗的肝癌伴肝硬化患者44例,评价患者治疗前的CT形态学分级和Child-pugh分级,并分析肝脏MSCT灌注参数与二者之间的关系.结果 重度肝硬化患者血流量(blood flow,BF)、血容量(blood volume,BV)、门静脉灌注量(pogal venous liver perfusion,PVP)、对比剂达到时间(contrast agent arrival time,IRF T0)参数显著低于轻度和中度肝硬化患者,平均通过时间(mean transit time,MTT)、肝动脉分数(hepatic arterial fraction,HAF)和A/V参数显著高于轻度和中度肝硬化患者;中度肝硬化患者BF、BV、PVP和IRF TO参数显著低于轻度肝硬化患者,MTT、HAF和A/V参数显著高于轻度肝硬化患者;肝功能Child-pugh C级患者BF、BV和PVP参数显著低于A级和B级患者,HAF和A/V参数显著高于A级和B级患者,C级和B级患者MTT和IRF TO比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);肝硬化形态学分级与BF、BV、IRF TO和PVP呈负相关(r=-0.832、-0.804、-0.703和-0.856,P＜0.05),与MTr、HAF和A/V呈正相关(r=0.602、0.811和0.820,P＜0.05),与肝动脉灌注量(hepatic artery perfusion,HAP)无相关性(P＞0.05);肝功能Child-pugh分级与BF、BV、IRF TO和PVP呈负相关(r=-0.874、-0.835、-0.502和-0.831,P＜0.05),与MTr、HAF和A/V呈正相关(r=0.615、0.754和0.816,P＜0.05),与HAP无相关性(P＞0.05).结论 MSCT可用于肝癌患者肝硬化程度和肝储备功能评估,为肝硬化分级诊断提供重要手段.     

肝爽颗粒、富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯联合方案在改善代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝功能及减轻肝纤维化程度中的应用价值

目的:分析肝爽颗粒联合富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯治疗代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化的效果及其对肝功能、肝纤维化程度的影响.方法:择取 2020 年 10 月至 2022 年 10 月期间就诊于我院的 94 例代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者作为研究对象,随机分两组.基础组 47 例给予富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯治疗,实验组 48 例在此基础上增加肝爽颗粒.6 m后,对比两组患者临床疗效、肝功能、肝纤维化程度、不良反应.结果:实验组总有效率高于基础组(P＜0.05);治疗后,实验组丙氨酸转移酶(Alanine transferase,ALT)、天门冬氨酸转移酶(Aspartate transferase,AST)、总胆红素(Total bilirubin,TBIL)水平均低于基础组(P＜0.05);治疗后,实验组透明质酸(Hyaluronic acid,HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(Type Ⅲ procollagen,PcⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(Type Ⅳ procollagen,Ⅳ-C)、层粘蛋白(laminin,LN)水平均低于基础组(P＜0.05);两组不良反应发生率无显著差异.结论:肝爽颗粒联合富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯能够有效保护代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝功能,改善肝纤维化程度,提高治疗效果,且安全性高.     

苦参素联合恩替卡韦治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化疗效分析

目的：分析苦参素联合恩替卡韦治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化的临床疗效。方法选择我院2012年2月~2014年2月收治的64例失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者为研究对象,随机数字法将其分为两组,对照组患者给予苦参素治疗,实验组患者行苦参素联合恩替卡韦治疗,对两组患者治疗前后肝功能指标及HBV-DNA变化进行比较。结果实验组患者治疗后ALB、AST、ALT、TBIL及HBV-DNA明显优于治疗前、对照组,差异有统计学意义,<0.05。结论苦参素联合恩替卡韦治疗能明显改善患者肝功能,抑制HBV-DNA复制,值得在失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化治疗中进一步应用。     

血必净注射液对失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者IL-2、IL-6、内毒素及肝功能的影响

目的探讨血必净注射液对失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者IL-2、IL-6、LPS及肝功能的影响。方法将50例失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者随机分成二组,对照组使用普通保肝治疗,血必净组是在对照组治疗的基础上加用血必净注射液静脉滴注。检测血必净组及对照组患者治疗前、后IL-2、IL-6、内毒素及肝功能、PTA的变化。结果二组患者IL-2、IL-6均于治疗后第五天上升然后下降,血必净组IL-2、IL-6在第五天的峰值及第十天的水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),二组患者LPS治疗后均下降,第十天时血必净组LPS水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),血必净组患者肝功能的损伤较对照组更快改善。结论血必净注射液可以抑制炎性介质的释放,拮抗内毒素,更好的保护失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的肝功能。     

拉米夫定初始联合阿德福韦酯治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化1年的疗效评价

目的 观察拉米夫定(LMV)初始联合阿德福韦酯(ADV)治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化1年的疗效和可能的肾功能异常.方法 36例无核苷类似物治疗史的乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者,随机分为2组,对照组(n=18)给LMV 100 mg/d单药抗病毒,观察组(n=18)给LMV 100 mg/d+ADV 10 mg/d,同时均予常规护肝及对症、支持治疗,疗程1年;观察治疗前后肝功能、Child-Pugt评分和血清肌酐变化,病毒学应答率和病毒学反弹发生率,统计学比较组同差异.结果 (1)基线时两组患者性别、年龄、HBeAg状况、HBV载量、血肌酐和Child-Pugh评分均无统计学差异(P>0.05).(2)治疗结束时2组均无死亡发生,自身前后对比肝功能改善、Cllild-Pugh评分下降、HBV-DNA水平显著下降,观察组疗效优于对照组(P<0.01)、病毒学应答率高于对照组(88.89%vs 66.67%,P<0.05).(3)观察组无病毒学反弹发生,对照组3例(16.67%)发生病毒学反弹,HBV P区基因测序均系rtM204V变异.(4)2组患者均无血肌酐增高发生.结论 乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期LMV初始联合ADV 1年治疗在肝功能改善、病毒学应答和HBV耐药变异等方面均优于LMV单药治疗,且肾脏安全性良好.     

拉米夫定初始联合阿德福韦酯治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化1年的疗效评价

目的 观察拉米夫定(LMV)初始联合阿德福韦酯(ADV)治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化1年的疗效和可能的肾功能异常.方法 36例无核苷类似物治疗史的乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者,随机分为2组,对照组(n=18)给LMV 100 mg/d单药抗病毒,观察组(n=18)给LMV 100 mg/d+ADV 10 mg/d,同时均予常规护肝及对症、支持治疗,疗程1年;观察治疗前后肝功能、Child-Pugt评分和血清肌酐变化,病毒学应答率和病毒学反弹发生率,统计学比较组同差异.结果 (1)基线时两组患者性别、年龄、HBeAg状况、HBV载量、血肌酐和Child-Pugh评分均无统计学差异(P>0.05).(2)治疗结束时2组均无死亡发生,自身前后对比肝功能改善、Cllild-Pugh评分下降、HBV-DNA水平显著下降,观察组疗效优于对照组(P<0.01)、病毒学应答率高于对照组(88.89%vs 66.67%,P<0.05).(3)观察组无病毒学反弹发生,对照组3例(16.67%)发生病毒学反弹,HBV P区基因测序均系rtM204V变异.(4)2组患者均无血肌酐增高发生.结论 乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期LMV初始联合ADV 1年治疗在肝功能改善、病毒学应答和HBV耐药变异等方面均优于LMV单药治疗,且肾脏安全性良好.     

平板探测器CT和传统CT灌注成像在肝细胞癌血容量评估中比较

目的探讨运用平板探测器CT灌注成像(FD-CTP)在肝细胞癌(HCC)中评估血容量(BV)的可行性,并与传统CT灌注成像(CTP)进行比较。方法选择20例HCC患者,其中男性13例,女性7例;年龄36~82岁,中位年龄58岁。先后进行传统CTP检查和FD-CTP检查,首先运用CTP测量肿瘤和肝实质区BV值(CTP-BV),再运用FD-CTP测量相对应区的BV值(FD-BV),根据下列等式提取CTP-BV中的动脉灌注产生部分(CTP-BVarterial):CTP-BVarterial=CTP-BV×HPI(HPI为肝动脉灌注指数)。另外假设:肝肿瘤的CTP-BVarterial/肝实质的CTP-BVarterial=CTP-BVarterial相对值,肝肿瘤的FD-BV/肝实质的FD-BV=FD-BV相对值。分析两种检查BV值的关系。结果 CTP-BVarterial和FD-BV绝对值之间有良好的相关性(HCC:r=0.903;肝实质:r=0.920;P0.001)。Bland-Altman检验显示,CTP-BVarterial和FD-BV相对值的平均差值为-0.15±0.24。结论 HCC或肝实质的FD-BV和CTP-BVarterial值均具有良好的可比性,肝脏FD-CTP检查在临床上具有可行性。     

能谱CT基物质分离技术在肝硬化与正常肝脏血流定量研究中的应用

目的:探讨能谱CT基物质分离技术在Child-Pugh A级肝硬化与正常肝脏血流动力学定量研究中的应用价值。方法:收集临床确诊肝硬化Child-Pugh A级并行上腹部增强CT检查患者30例作为肝硬化组,同时收集肝脏及门静脉增强CT检查无异常患者30例作为正常肝脏组。两组均采用能谱CT扫描并重建70 keV单能量图像、碘基物质分离图像,在70 keV、碘基图像上分别测量动脉期（AP）和门静脉期（PV）肝脏五叶（肝尾状叶、肝左外叶、肝左内叶、肝右前叶、肝右后叶）CT值和碘浓度（IC）,计算动脉期碘分数(AIF)和门静脉期碘含量（PVIC）。采用独立样本t检验比较两组能谱参数,并运用ROC曲线分析各参数诊断效能。结果:肝硬化组动脉期CT值和碘浓度与正常肝脏组无统计学差异（P>0.05）,而门静脉期CT值和碘浓度显著低于正常肝脏组（P<0.05）。肝硬化组肝脏AIF稍高于正常肝脏组（P>0.05）,而肝脏PVIC均显著低于正常肝脏组（P<0.05）。以门静脉期肝脏平均碘浓度21.47 mg/mL为阈值评价肝硬化与正常肝脏血流时,ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.790,敏感度为77.8%,特异度为83.3%,显著高于肝脏CT值和PVIC。结论:能谱CT基物质分离技术可以用来评价肝硬化与正常肝脏血流动力学的改变和差异,为肝硬化的早期诊断提供更多依据。     

应用激光散斑对比成像技术监测大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注前后的微循环血流变化

目的:应用激光散斑对比成像(LSCI)技术监测大鼠入肝血流阻断前后肝脏微循环血流变化。方法:将成年雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组(n=5)和阻断入肝血流组(n=8),实施尾叶转流法90%全肝血流阻断,并于阻断入肝血流前后和复流后,应用moorFLPI-2LSCI系统分别进行肝左叶、左中叶和右中叶表面微循环血流量测量及组织形态学观察,并与假手术组进行对照分析。结果:假手术组和阻断入肝血流组阻断前的肝脏微循环血流量分别为(882.11±103.78)LSPU和(855.61±117.58)LSPU(P>0.05),阻断入肝血流使肝脏微循环血流量下降至(464.97±92.20)LSPU(P<0.05),复流后进一步下降至(336.46±29.33)LSPU(P<0.05),而假手术组肝微循环血流量无明显变化。阻断入肝血流后大鼠肝左叶微循环血流量(395.24±75.48)LSPU明显低于左中叶(511.70±116.98)LSPU和右中叶(519.94±101.49)LSPU(P均<0.05)。缺血再灌注大鼠肝脏主要表现为肝窦大量充血和肝细胞核固缩及变性坏死。结论:LSCI技术能够准确评估入肝血流阻断导致的肝脏微循环血流变化,反映肝脏缺血再灌注损伤造成的微循环障碍,可用于肝外科手术中入肝血流控制的监测和肝脏微循环研究。     

16层螺旋CT灌注成像在肝硬化中的临床应用研究

目的：探讨16层螺旋CT灌注成像在肝硬化中的临床应用研究价值。方法：2009年3月至2010年3月我院接受16层螺旋CT肝脏灌注扫描肝硬化患者5l例,男性39例,女12例,年龄26～79岁,平均年龄51．6岁。根据肝脏功能分级标准进行Child．Pugh分级将肝硬化病人进行分级：其中Child．PughA级33例;Child-PughB级9例;Child—PughC级9例。采用的设备为德国西门子公司Sensation16MSCT扫描系统;将重建后的原始数据采用仪器自带功能软件DynEva进行数据后处理,分别测得并计算出肝脏灌注参数：BV、BF、HAP、PVP、HPI,对所得结果采用SPSSl3．0统计学软件包对不同级别肝硬化之间的各个量化指标进行差异性比较,两组间比较采用t检验法（配对t检验）;多组间比较采用单因素方差分析的方法。结果：（1）主动脉时间．密度曲线（TDC）可分为基线、升段、降段、水平段。肝硬化患者Child-pughA、B、C三级曲线形式大致相似。（2）HAP值从Child—PughA级的（O．2482±0．0401）mL（Inin．mL）增加到C级的（0．3078±0．0326）mL／（min．mL）,HPI值从Child—PughA级的（0．2482±0．0401）mL（min．mL）增加到C级的（0．3078±0．0326）mL／（min．mL）。HPP值从Child．PughA级的（0．2641±0．0410）mL／（min．mL）减少到C级的（0．2144±0．0963）mL／（min．mL）。HBF值从Child—PughA级的（0．2974±0．1232）mL／（min．mL）减少到C级的（0．1856±0．1022）mL／（min．mL）。BV值从Child-PughA级的（0．9575±0．1283）mL／（min．mL）减少到C级的（0．6302±0．1033）mL／（min．mL）。结论：（1）MSCT灌注成像可对肝脏血流灌注参数定量监测。（2）肝脏血流灌注参数能够反映肝硬化的程度。     

肝病患者血液流变学的研究

目的　探讨多种肝病患者血液流变学的改变及其不同时期内机体微循环的变化。方法　检测 82例慢性肝病患者血液流变学指标、肝功能、乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )病毒 (HBV)DNA、输血传播病毒(TTV)DNA ,并做出相关分析。结果　乙型肝炎组与正常对照组比较 :全血低切粘度、红细胞聚集指数均有明显升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,乙肝HBVDNA与血液流变学指标间差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;肝硬化组与正常对照组比较 :失代偿期组红细胞压积、全血高切粘度、全血低切粘度明显降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ;代偿期组全血低切粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数明显升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;TTV阳性组与正常对照组 :全血高切粘度、全血低切粘度明显升高 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　乙肝患者体内有微循环障碍 ,肝硬化患者代偿期机体内呈高凝状态 ,失代偿期呈低凝状态。TTV阳性患者体内有微循环障碍 ,TTV对机体有一定的致病作用。血液流变学应作为肝病患者检查的指标。血液流变学与HBVDNA是肝病检查中相对独立的指标。     

Liver lobe-based magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging using multiple b values in patients with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis: association with the liver disease severity according to the Child-Pugh class

OBJECTIVE:To determine the associations of liver lobe-based magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging findings using multiple b values with the presence and Child-Pugh class of cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis B.METHODS:Seventy-four cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B and 25 healthy volunteers underwent diffusion-weighted imaging using b values of 0, 500, 800 and 1000 sec/mm². The apparent diffusion coefficients of individual liver lobes for b_(0,500), b_(0,800) and b_(0,1000) were derived from the signal intensity averaged across images obtained using b values of 0 and 500 sec/mm², 0 and 800 sec/mm², or 0 and 1000 sec/mm², respectively, and were statistically analyzed to evaluate cirrhosis.RESULTS:The apparent diffusion coefficients for b_(0,500), b_(0,800) and b_(0,1000) inversely correlated with the Child-Pugh class in the left lateral liver lobe, the left medial liver lobe, the right liver lobe and the caudate lobe (r=–0.35 to –0.60, all p<0.05), except for the apparent diffusion coefficient for b_(0,1000) in the left medial liver lobe (r=–0.17, p>0.05). Among these parameters, the apparent diffusion coefficient for b_(0,500) in the left lateral liver lobe best differentiated normal from cirrhotic liver, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.989. The apparent diffusion coefficient for b_(0,800) in the right liver lobe best distinguished Child-Pugh class A from B–C and A–B from C, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.732 and 0.747, respectively.CONCLUSION:Liver lobe-based apparent diffusion coefficients for b_(0,500) and b_(0,800) appear to be associated with the presence and Child-Pugh class of liver cirrhosis.     

Adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation at the Asan Medical Center

Between February 1997 and December 2003, 580 adult-to-adult living donor liver transplants (A-A LDLTs) were performed at the Asan Medical Center for patients above 20 years of age. Indications for A-A LDLT were: chronic hepatitis B (309), chronic hepatitis C (18), hepatocellular carcinoma (144), alcoholic cirrhosis (20), Wilson's disease (4), autoimmune hepatitis (4), hepatic tuberculosis (1), cholangiocarcinoma (2), cryptogenic cirrhosis (5), secondary biliary cirrhosis (7), primary biliary cirrhosis (2), fulminant hepatic failure (18), primary sclerosing cholangitis (2), vanishing bile duct syndrome (1) and re-transplantation (4). Of 580 A-A LDLTs, 119 were of high medical urgency, 96 were for acute on chronic liver failure, 18 were for acute and subacute hepatic failure, 1 was for Wilson's disease, and 4 were for re-transplantation. Recipient age ranged from 20 to 69 years. The age of the donors ranged from 16 to 63 years. There was no donor mortality. Implanted liver grafts were categorized into seven types: 307 modified right lobes (MRL), 85 left lobes, 44 left lobe plus caudate lobes, 41 right lobes, 93 dual grafts, 5 extended right lobes, 4 posterior segments, and 1 extended left lateral segment. In the MRL, the tributaries of the middle hepatic vein were reconstructed by interpositioning a vein graft. Indication for dual graft implantation was the same as single graft A-A LDLT, and seventeen of 93 were emergency cases. As a right-sided graft, 47 received left lobes; 31 received a extended left lateral segment or a lateral segment; 13 received a right lobe with or without the reconstruction of middle hepatic vein tributaries; and 2 received a posterior segment. Graft volume ranged from 26.5% to 83% of the standard liver volume of the recipients. There were 46 (8.0%) one year mortalities among the 576 patients after 580 A-A LDLTs. Of the 119 patients who received emergency transplants, 108 (90.8%) survived. These encouraging results justify the expansion of A-A LDLT to adjust to increasing demands, even in urgent situations. We have aimed establish the efficacy of A-A LDLT in various end-stage chronic and acute liver diseases, as well as new technical advances to overcome the small-for-size graft syndrome by using dual-graft implantation and MRL, both of which were first developed in our department.     

中央气道吸气相-呼气相的多层螺旋CT研究

目的 探讨呼吸运动对中央气道径线值的影响及其临床意义。方法 2016年3—7月郑州大学第一附属医院放射介入科招募60名健康成人志愿者进行前瞻性研究。其中男32例,女28例,年龄25~54(34.0±9.1)岁。志愿者均行胸部多层螺旋CT(MSCT)检查,于深吸气末、深呼气末分别扫描全肺,薄层图像结合多平面重建技术(MPR),使用特殊纵隔窗(窗宽500 HU,窗位-100 HU) 在吸气末、呼气末时测量中央气道横截面积,计算塌陷指数,测量左主支气管-右主支气管夹角(隆突角,∠C)、右上叶-中间支气管夹角(∠RI)、右中叶-右下叶支气管夹角(∠RMI)及左上叶-左下叶支气管夹角(∠LUI),并观察吸气末、呼气末时中央气道的形态改变。结果 深呼气末,中央气道横截面积均少于吸气末相,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。气管塌陷指数为19.7%±8.6%;右主支气管、中间支气管、右上叶支气管、右中叶支气管和右下叶支气管塌陷指数分别为21.4%±9.6%、14.7%±6.2%、15.5%±5.7%、10.1%±3.6%、24.5%±9.1%;左主支气管、左上叶支气管、左下叶支气管塌陷指数分别为24.0%±9.4%、15.1%±5.0%、27.6%±10.7%。左侧中央气道中,各级支气管塌陷指数比较,差异有统计学意义(F=32.696, P<0.05);其中左主支气管、左下叶支气管的塌陷指数较大,与左上叶支气管塌陷指数比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。右侧中央气道中,各级支气管塌陷指数比较,差异有统计学意义(F=38.154, P<0.05);其中右主支气管、右下叶支气管的塌陷指数较大,分别与右上叶支气管、中间支气管、右中叶支气管塌陷指数比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。呼气末与吸气末时比较,∠C增大,∠RI、∠RMI、∠LUI均减小,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),其中∠LUI吸气-呼气差值最大。深吸气末时,中央气道的轴位横断面多为类圆形或卵圆形。深呼气末时,气管85%(51/60)、左主支气管70%(42/60)、右主支气管82%(49/60)呈后膜变平或轻度前弓形态。叶支气管断面形态改变不明显。结论 MSCT为观察和测量中央气道径线的有效手段,根据不同呼吸时相的气管及各级支气管的横截面积和夹角变化程度不同,有利于指导临床选择合适型号的气道支架,也有助于探讨和研发更具有生理适应性的气道支架。     

Regulation of hepatic blood flow in patients with liver cirrhosis and after liver transplantation

We studied liver blood flow at rest and its regulatory changes after exercise and food intake in ten patients with advanced liver cirrhosis and in 14 patients more than 10 months after orthotopic liver transplantation. The results were compared with those obtained in ten healthy volunteers. Sorbitol steady state infusion was employed to measure functional liver blood flow (FLBF). Thirty minutes of half-maximal muscular work, performed on a supine position ergometer and consumption of a standard meal were used as stimuli to study regulatory changes in hepatic perfusion. Results: FLBF at rest was reduced in end stage cirrhosis (mean 1257±105 ml/min in cirrhosis vs. 1707±76 ml/min in controls; P<0.01). After liver transplantation FLBF at rest was normalized (mean 1922±169 ml/min) in patients with stable graft function. Muscular exercise led to a reduction in FLBF, which in the transplanted patients was the same range as in normal controls (−26.7±3.7%; −24.7±0.7, respectively), but was reduced in cirrhosis (−19.1±2.1%; P<0.05). After ingestion of a standard meal FLBF increased substantially in normal controls (+40.2±2.3%), while in patients with cirrhosis this increase was rather small (+10.1±1.9%; P<0.001). After transplantation the food-induced increase in FLBF(+20.5±3.6%) was larger than in cirrhosis (P<0.05) but remained smaller than in the controls (P<0.01). We conclude that in cirrhosis FLBF is reduced and adaptive changes after exercise or food intake are impaired. After transplantation FLBF is normalized, but blood flow regulation, especially after food intake remains abnormal.     

兔肝脏及附属管道的应用解剖学研究

目的　对兔肝脏及其附属管道进行应用解剖学研究。 方法　对20只日本大耳兔分别进行活体和离体形态学观察,制作门静脉和肝静脉管道铸型标本观察其分支与走行,测定各肝叶质量及其所占肝脏百分比。 结果　兔肝肝裂明显,依据肝叶形态、肝裂走行和门静脉主干分支形式将兔肝脏分为五叶,分别为尾状叶、左外叶、左中叶、右中叶、右外叶,各肝叶质量分别为(g)：3.93±1.13、15.93±3.50、14.83±3.31、15.08±4.34、12.08±3.55。左中叶和右中叶根部肝组织融合,其余各肝叶相对独立,尾状叶包括相对独立的乳头突和尾状突两部分。各肝叶有相对独立的Glisson系统和肝静脉走行于肝蒂内。 结论　兔肝解剖学特点与多数哺乳类实验动物肝脏解剖相似,同时又具有其自身特点,适合于肝脏外科疾病动物模型的制作。     

Peritoneoscopy of alcoholic liver cirrhosis in comparison with non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis

Peritoneoscopic findings of 39 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) were compared with those of 95 patients with non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis (NALC). They were selected from 245 patients with liver cirrhosis subjected to peritoneoscopy in the 7 year period from 1975 to 1981. Out of the 95 NALC patients, 24 had hepatitis B surface antigen. The ALC patients had nodules which varied in size (61%), large depressions (69%), and a markedly rounded edge of the liver (33%) more often than NALC patients (18, 43 and 3%, respectively). Nodularity differed between the right and left lobes in ALC (41%) more often than in NALC (16%). Interstitial reddish markings and patchy nodules were, however, more frequent in NALC (51 and 28%, respectively) than in ALC (8 and 5%, respectively). Lymphatic vesicles were observed both in ALC (85%) and NALC (78%). In conclusion, the peritoneoscopic features which suggested ALC were the coexistence of nodules of various sizes, large depressions and a markedly dull edge of the liver. Interstitial reddish markings and patchy nodules were more indicative of NALC than ALC.