基于解剖学的“五点八线”皮瓣设计用于半舌缺损精确修复的效果评价

目的: 使用“五点八线”技术（five-point eight-line segment, FIPELS）设计半舌缺损修复皮瓣,并比较“五点八线”技术与传统皮瓣移植方法的临床疗效。方法: 80例半舌缺损修复重建患者随机分为2组,分别为FIPELS组（42例）和传统皮瓣移植组（38例）,使用Likert量表比较2组患者的术后功能恢复及美观效果。采用SPSS 18.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果: FIPELS组的皮瓣与半舌缺损匹配度更高,术中无需修整皮瓣,手术时间较传统皮瓣移植组更短（P=0.02）。FIPELS组的术后吞咽功能、语言清晰度和美观度优于传统皮瓣移植组（P<0.05）。结论: 相比传统皮瓣移植方法,FIPELS设计的皮瓣用于半舌缺损修复具有更好的功能和美观效果。     

“迷你”负压引流在前臂游离皮瓣移植供区缺损修复中的应用

目的: 探讨“迷你”负压引流在前臂游离皮瓣移植供区缺损修复中的应用效果。方法: 选择口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤患者44例,均接受前臂游离皮瓣移植同期修复肿瘤切除术后缺损,采用腹部全厚皮片修复前臂供区缺损,分别应用“迷你”负压引流法（22例）和传统加压法（22例）。观察评估术后前臂区域引流量、移植皮片愈合情况和患者主观满意程度,采用SAS 9.4软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: “迷你”负压引流组22例患者中,20例皮片完全成活,创面平整,愈合良好,无结痂、渗出及感染;2例皮片边缘部分坏死,简单清理换药后痊愈。传统加压组22例患者中,18例皮片完全成活,4例出现部分坏死。术后随访6~10个月,“迷你”负压引流组皮片颜色接近正常皮色,手部运动、感觉功能正常,患者主观满意度显著高于传统加压组（P<0.05）。结论: “迷你”负压引流应用于前臂皮瓣制备后缺损的植皮修复,安全有效,成本低廉,患者满意舒适度高,值得临床推广应用。     

微种植钉辅助无托槽隐形矫治器控制“过山车”效应的疗效分析

目的： 探讨微种植钉辅助无托槽隐形矫治器长距离内收上前牙、关闭间隙过程中控制“过山车”效应的临床疗效。方法： 选择双颌前突成人患者16例,男5例,女11例,平均年龄（25.1±2）岁。所有患者均拔除4颗第一前磨牙且采用无托槽隐形矫治器矫治,所有病例均采用G6设计,其中实验组（8例）在治疗初始即采用微种植钉进行牙的三维控制,对照组（8例）采用常规G6方案,出现明显的“过山车”效应时植入微种植钉辅助解决。采用 Graphpad Prism 6.0 软件包对治疗前、后数据及组间数据进行配对 t 检验。结果： 所有拔牙间隙均顺利关闭,面型获得明显改善。治疗中,实验组前牙转矩控制良好,未出现“过山车”效应;对照组6例在治疗中前牙明显舌倾（P<0.05）,后牙开,前牙区微种植钉施加压低力后,咬合关系改善。结论： 微种植钉能有效预防、消除无托槽隐形矫治器长距离关闭间隙过程中发生的“过山车”效应。     

“新净界漱口水”对放射性口腔黏膜炎的防治效果观察

目的： 前瞻性随机双盲研究“新净界漱口水”对放射性口腔黏膜炎的防治效果。方法：60例拟行放疗的口腔癌患者随机分为试验组和对照组;试验组30例,自放疗第1天起,每天使用“新净界漱口水”含漱4次,每次5 mL,含漱 5 min,直至放疗结束。对照组30例使用生理盐水含漱,方法同试验组。按RTOG口腔黏膜炎分级标准评价2组患者的口腔黏膜炎严重程度,记录疼痛程度,并照相存档。3级口腔黏膜炎视为终止指标,发生者给予其他药物治疗。应用Stata 12.0软件包对数据进行统计分析。结果：2组患者的年龄、性别、放疗技术和剂量无显著差异（P>0.05）。试验组首次观察到黏膜炎的发生时间较对照组晚（照射11.0次∶9.1次,P<0.05）,且试验组在早期出现疼痛的比例较对照组低（36.7%∶70.0%,P<0.05）。另外,试验组3级口腔黏膜炎的出现时间较对照组晚（照射18.9次∶15.9次,P<0.05）,发生率较对照组低（63.3%∶90.0%,P<0.05）。结论：“新净界漱口水”能延缓放疗所致口腔黏膜炎的发生时间,减轻患者的疼痛症状,并能减少3级口腔黏膜炎的发生率,值得临床使用。     

老年口腔门诊“一站式”服务的实践与效果评价

目的: 评价老年口腔门诊“一站式”服务的实施效果。方法: 于科室“一站式”服务实施的前后,分别选取60例老年患者作为研究对象,采用SPSS19.0软件包比较2组患者的平均就诊时间和缴费时间,并比较患者对就诊服务的满意度。结果: 采用一站式服务后,患者平均就诊时间和缴费时间大幅度缩短,前后对比差异具有显著性（P<0.01）。满意度由一站式服务前的90%上升为98%,满意度明显提高。结论: “一站式”服务能优化口腔疾病的治疗流程,提升老年患者就诊体验,满足老年口腔疾病患者的需求。     

2种浓度利多卡因对下颌智牙拔除麻醉效果的影响

目的：探讨低浓度利多卡因行下牙槽、舌、颊神经一次阻滞麻醉的效果。方法：采用自身对照研究,前瞻性分析3 mL 1%利多卡因1∶100 000肾上腺素（低浓度组）或3 mL 2%利多卡因1∶100 000肾上腺素（高浓度组）行下牙槽、舌、颊神经阻滞麻醉拔除下颌智牙的差异。患者术后经过21 d的洗脱期,选择对应浓度的利多卡因拔除对侧阻生牙。分析2组间注射时疼痛水平（疼痛评估量表,NRS）、麻醉起效时间、麻醉深度及麻醉持续时间的差异。采用SPSS 17.0 软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果：21例患者（平均年龄24岁）完成试验,其中62%为女性。低浓度组的疼痛水平（1.09,95% CI,0.77~1.41）显著低于高浓度组（1.66,95%CI,1.33-1.99）（P=0.010）。低浓度组下牙槽、颊、舌神经阻滞麻醉起效时间（52~63 s）显著快于高浓度组（259~335 s）（P=0.000）。下牙槽、舌、颊神经麻醉深度2组之间未见显著差异（P=0.751）。在疼痛NRS值为1~3的患者中,低浓度组,9例（100%）均在分牙时疼痛（下牙槽神经麻醉深度浅）;高浓度组3例（43%）分牙时疼痛,4例(57%)翻瓣时疼痛（颊神经麻醉深度浅）（P=0.019）。高浓度组麻醉持续时间比低浓度组平均长61 min（52~69 min）（P=0.000）。结论：用低浓度利多卡因组行下牙槽、舌、颊神经阻滞麻醉起效快,注射时疼痛水平低,术后下唇麻木不适感消失快。术中轻微疼痛,高浓度组常因颊神经麻醉深度较浅引起,低浓度组因下牙槽神经麻醉深度较浅引起。     

24例骨性Ⅲ类伴偏颌畸形患者隐形正畸-正颌联合治疗效果分析

目的: 评价骨性Ⅲ类伴偏颌畸形患者采用无托槽隐形矫治技术进行正畸-正颌联合治疗的临床效果。方法: 回顾正畸-正颌联合治疗的骨性Ⅲ类伴偏颌畸形患者24例,其中,实验组（n=12）采用无托槽隐形矫治技术,对照组（n=12）采用传统固定矫治技术,分别进行术前和术后正畸治疗。比较、分析2组患者治疗前、后的头影测量指标及满意度问卷调查评分。采用SPSS 20.0软件包中t检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验进行数据统计分析。结果: 治疗后患者的头影测量指标SNA、SNB、ANB、U1-SN、L1-MP值均发生显著改变,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;而治疗前与治疗后的2组参数分别比较,实验组与对照组之间的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。实验组的美观性、舒适度、便捷性、咀嚼效能以及语言功能评分显著优于对照组（P<0.05）,2组患者对治疗效果的满意度评分均为8.8±0.5分（P>0.05）。结论: 骨性Ⅲ类伴偏颌畸形患者应用无托槽隐形矫治技术进行正畸-正颌联合治疗,可获得较好的临床效果,患者对联合治疗的美观舒适性及效果较为认可。     

品管圈活动对牙周炎患者护理质量的提升作用评价

目的 研究品管圈活动对牙周炎患者护理质量的提升作用。方法 选取自2016年1月—2017年12月因牙周炎而就诊于上海市闵行区牙病防治所的120例患者,依据随机对照原则分为实验组和对照组,每组60例。对2组牙周炎患者进行相应的对症治疗,如龈上洁治术及龈下刮治术等,对照组治疗时采取常规口腔护理,实验组治疗时采取“品管圈”指导之下的口腔护理。治疗后,对2组患者治疗满意度及治疗效果等进行比较,并评价多个口腔指标,如探诊深度(the depth of the probe, PD)、牙龈指数(gingival index, GI)、菌斑指数(plaque index, PLI)、龈沟出血指数(gingival crevicular hemorrhage index,SBI)及牙周附着水平(periodontal attachment level, AL)等。采用SPSS 19.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果 经过“品管圈”指导下的口腔科护理后,实验组患者的满意度显著高于对照组（P=0.003）、治疗后的总体有效率亦显著高于对照组（P=0.002）;实验组出现不同程度口腔卫生问题的比例显著低于对照组（P=0.037）,实验组的PD、GI、PLI、SBI、AL等指标相比于对照组均显著下降（P=0.000）。除上述有形成果外,还获得相关无形成果,如品管圈护理人员的和谐度、职业责任感、品管手法及多种能力,如团队凝聚力、沟通协调能力等,均取得显著提高。结论 对牙周炎患者采取品管圈活动指导,可明显提高护理质量。     

早期系统化康复训练在口腔癌术后游离皮瓣修复患者中应用效果的meta分析

目的:系统评价早期系统化康复训练在口腔癌根治伴游离皮瓣修复术后患者中的应用效果。方法:计算机检索Cochrane Library、Web of Science、PubMed、Embase等英文数据库以及中国知网、维普和万方等中文数据库,获取国内外关于早期系统化康复训练在口腔癌根治术后患者中应用的随机对照试验。由2名研究者按照纳入和排除标准筛选文献并提取资料,参考Cochrane Handbook 5.1质量评价标准进行文献质量评价,使用Review Manager 5.3软件进行meta分析。结果:共纳入12篇符合标准的文献,meta分析结果显示,试验组术后2周洼田饮水试验评分显著低于对照组[SMD=-1.22,95%CI（-1.55,-0.90）,Z=7.41,P<0.001],试验组术后语言清晰度有效率显著优于对照组[RR=1.44,95%CI（1.16,1.78）,Z=3.33,P<0.001],试验组术后3个月、6个月语音清晰度评分显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义[MD=13.01,95%CI（6.78,19.24）,Z=4.09,P<0.001;MD=7.90,95%CI（3.19,12.61）,Z=3.29,P<0.01]。结论:早期系统化康复训练有助于口腔癌切除伴游离皮瓣修复术后患者吞咽功能和语音功能的恢复。     

牙周炎与阿尔茨海默病相关性的meta分析

目的： 系统评价牙周炎与阿尔茨海默病的相关性。方法： 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、中国知网、维普和万方数据库,检索时间截至2019年1月,纳入所有牙周炎与阿尔茨海默病相关性的观察性研究文献。由2名研究员独立筛选文献,对符合纳入标准的文献进行资料提取和交叉核对,采用RevMan 5.2软件进行meta分析。结果： 最终纳入的11项研究中,4项为病例对照研究,5项为横断面研究,2项为队列研究。其中,1项队列研究和4项病例对照研究视牙周炎为暴露因素,5项横断面研究和1项队列研究视阿尔茨海默病为暴露因素。Meta分析显示,牙周炎患者的阿尔茨海默病发生风险合并RR值为1.22（95%CI：1.13~1.33）,结果有统计学差异（P<0.00001）。中度牙周炎患者阿尔茨海默病发生风险合并RR值为1.19（95%CI：0.98~1.44）,无统计学差异（P=0.07>0.05）。重度牙周炎阿尔茨海默病发生风险合并RR值为1.54（95%CI：1.05~2.26）,结果有统计学差异（P=0.03<0.05）。牙周临床指标的meta分析显示,与对照组相比,阿尔茨海默病患者组的探诊深度（MD=2.58,95%CI：0.17~4.99,P=0.04<0.05）、附着丧失（MD=1.27,95%CI：0.43~2.10,P=0.003<0.05）、菌斑指数（MD=1.14,95%CI：0.85~1.44,P<0.00001）和探诊出血百分比（MD=21.11%,95%CI：18.23%~23.99%,P<0.00001）均较高,而口内的余留牙数（MD=-3.77,95%CI：-6.89~-0.65,P=0.02<0.05）较少。结论： 牙周炎与阿尔茨海默病存在相关性,牙周炎患者（尤其是重度牙周炎患者）可能有较高的阿尔茨海默病发病风险,且阿尔茨海默病患者的牙周健康往往较差。但现有研究数量有限,仍需更多临床证据支持。     

Utility of a palatal speech appliance combined with the five-point eight-line segment technique in total tongue reconstruction

The aim of this study was to explore a new total tongue reconstruction strategy based on the five-point eight-line segment (FIPELS) technique and a palatal speech appliance, and to evaluate the functional and aesthetic outcomes. Twenty patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma were included in this study. All patients underwent total tongue resection followed by tongue reconstruction with an anterolateral thigh flap. The patients were divided randomly into two groups according to the reconstruction strategy: FIPELS group (10 patients) and traditional flap design group (10 patients). All 10 patients in the FIPELS group received a palatal speech appliance 1 month after the surgery. A Likert scale was used to assess swallowing function, speech articulation, and the aesthetic outcome of the reconstructed tongue in the traditional and FIPELS (with and without the palatal speech appliance) groups. Compared with the traditional group, swallowing function (1 month, P = 0.016; 3 months, P = 0.021) and the aesthetic outcome (1 month, P = 0.016; 3 months, P = 0.020) were significantly better in the FIPELS group (without the palatal speech appliance); however, there was no significant difference in speech articulation (1 month, P = 0.549; 3 months, P = 0.513). Within the FIPELS group, significantly better speech articulation was obtained with the palatal speech appliance than without it (1 month, P = 0.031; 3 months, P = 0.015).     

The impact of dynamic tongue reconstruction using functional muscle transfer: A retrospective review of 94 cases with functional outcome analysis for various glossectomy defects

The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional outcomes of dynamic tongue reconstruction in various types of glossectomy defects. A retrospective review of patients who underwent tongue reconstruction following cancer resection was performed. Patients were divided into two groups by the type of procedure: dynamic reconstruction using motor-innervated free flaps and conventional reconstruction with fasciocutaneous free flaps. Demographics, including patient and tumor characteristics, and surgical factors, including the type of glossectomy and flap, were investigated. Functional outcomes were compared through quantitative assessment of tongue movement, speech capacity, videofluoroscopic barium swallow, and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube dependency. 94 patients were enrolled in this study. The conventional reconstruction was performed in 52 patients and dynamic reconstruction was performed in 42 patients. Overall, the dynamic group showed improved swallowing capacity (videofluoroscopic swallowing scale, mean ± standard deviation, dynamic group, 3.24 ± 0.79, versus conventional group, 2.88 ± 1.08; p = 0.07). No significant differences in tongue motion and speech outcomes were noted between the groups. In multivariate logistic analysis controlling of various confounders, the dynamic reconstruction was significantly related to improved swallowing outcomes (adjusted odds ratio, 0.148; 95% confidence interval 0.03–0.725; p = 0.018). Dynamic reconstruction was not significantly related to the rate of PEG tube dependency. Within the limitations of the study, it seems that the dynamic tongue reconstruction using motor innervated free flaps can improve swallowing outcome by reproducing the original sling action of tongue musculature and preserving the tongue volume.     

舌瓣在舌癌术后缺损重建中的应用

目的：探讨舌瓣在舌癌术后缺损重建中的临床应用价值。方法：对19例舌癌患者在原发灶切除后利用舌体组织瓣修复舌体缺损和舌体形态重建,术后随访评价舌体功能恢复情况。结果：舌瓣无明显萎缩,舌体运动良好,患者的言语、咀嚼、吞咽功能满意。结论：舌瓣修复舌癌切除术后缺损手术设计符合舌的解剖生理特点,手术相对简单、安全,术后功能恢复较好。     

Pedicled Islanded Nasolabial Flap Tunneled Under Mandible for Tongue Reconstruction

BackgroundNasolabial flap is reliable flap in the reconstruction of oral defects over a period of time. Still there is scanty literature available of using this flap for reconstruction of isolated defects of tongue. We carried out this study in our patients to assess the role of pedicled nasolabial flap in reconstruction of isolated tongue defects.MethodsIn total, 11 patients with T1 and T2 tongue cancer were selected for the study. The functional improvement in the form of speech and swallowing was evaluated postoperatively.ResultsThe flap was successfully taken in all patients except for marginal or tip loss. This is a locally available flap with minimal operating time and does not require microvascular skills. The results of speech and swallowing after reconstruction were comparable.ConclusionNasolabial flap is an excellent locally available flap for the reconstruction of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and with very minor, if any postoperative cosmetic defect.     

Functional assessment: Free thin anterolateral thigh flap versus free radial forearm reconstruction for hemiglossectomy defects

Background

To compare free thin anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap with free radial forearm (FRF) flap in the reconstruction of hemiglossectomy defects, and to introduce our methods and experience in the tongue reconstruction with free thin ALT flap.

Material and Methods

The clinicopathologic data of 46 tongue carcinoma cases hospitalized from December 2009 to April 2014 were obtained from Nangjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University. All the subjects were evaluated for the articulation and the swallowing function 3 months after the surgery.

Results

Among these 46 patients, 12 patients underwent tongue reconstruction after hemiglossectomy with ALT flap; 34 patients underwent tongue reconstruction with FRF flap. The differences in the incidence of vascular crisis, the speech and the swallowing function between two groups were not significant (P>0.05).

Conclusions

Thin ALT flap could be one of the ideal flaps for hemiglossectomy defect reconstruction with its versatility in design, long pedicle with a suitable vessel diameter, and the neglectable donor site morbidity. Key words:Free thin anterolateral thigh flap, free radial forearm flap, hemiglossectomy, reconstruction, morbidity.     

不同舌重建术后患者语音功能的评价

目的:评价不同舌重建术式对舌癌患者术后语音功能恢复的影响。方法:32例舌癌患者据重建术式分组:带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣修复组5人,除1例外舌切除缘范围均过中线;前臂游离皮瓣修复组和邻近组织瓣修复组分别为16人和11人,除1例外舌切除缘范围均不过中线。采用汉语语音清晰度测试和短句测试方法,对患者手术前后语音清晰度变化情况进行分析,并对前臂游离皮瓣修复组和邻近组织瓣修复组的评价结果进行团体t检验。结果:带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣修复组、前臂游离皮瓣修复组和邻近组织瓣修复组术后的语音清晰度平均下降值分别为26.60、7.84和4.18分,短句测试得分下降值分别为1.60、0.50和0.27分;t检验结果显示,前臂皮瓣和邻近组织瓣修复组的语音清晰度和短句测试得分下降值间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:舌癌手术切除后运用前臂游离皮瓣或邻近组织瓣进行舌重建均能较好地恢复患者术后的语音功能,且两者间没有显著差异;对于舌缺损范围较大尤其是超过半侧舌的患者,采用带蒂胸大肌皮瓣也能够在一定程度上改善患者术后的语音功能。     

Retrospective case series of primary and secondary microvascular free tissue transfer reconstruction of midfacial defects.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Midfacial defects arising from tumor extirpation or trauma may involve any portion of the central area of the face, including the palate, maxilla, orbit, lip, and/or nose. Speech, mastication, swallowing, and cosmesis are significantly impaired and present a unique challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. PURPOSE: This study evaluated the functional and cosmetic success of both soft tissue and osteocutaneous free flap reconstruction of the midface. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 34 patients who underwent primary and secondary free flap reconstruction of the midface was conducted. The main outcome measures were perioperative complications, diet, speech intelligibility, type of dental restoration, and cosmetic result. RESULTS: Fifteen patients underwent soft tissue free flap reconstruction of the midface. Six of these patients also had additional nonvascularized free cranial bone grafts to improve restoration of the orbitozygomatic region. Nineteen patients who might have required osseointegrated implants to anchor a dental prosthesis underwent osteocutaneous free flap reconstruction. Thirty-three of 34 free flaps survived, and wound complications were minimal. After surgery, 20 patients were able to eat a regular diet and 14 a soft diet. All patients had intelligible speech over the telephone. Ten patients used a dental prosthesis (5 conventional and 5 implant-borne). Cosmesis was judged to be excellent in 12 patients, good in 15 patients, fair in 5 patients, and poor in 2 patients. CONCLUSION: In the patients reviewed, free flap reconstruction of the midface was completed in a single stage and created a reproducible, permanent separation of the oral and sinonasal cavities with adequate speech and swallowing.     

Analysis of determinants on speech function after glossectomy.

PURPOSE: To determine which of the following factors-type of reconstruction, size of tumor, and site of excision-may influence speech intelligibility after glossectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The speech intelligibilities of 27 tongue cancer patients who underwent glossectomy within the range of the hemitongue were investigated within 6 months after operation with a speech intelligibility test formed by 100 sensitive Chinese sounds. They were compared according to the following factors: type of reconstruction (forearm flap or adjacent flap); size of tumor (T1, T2, T3); and site of excision (anterior, middle, posterior, or hemi part). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in speech intelligibility between the forearm flap reconstructed group and adjacent flap reconstructed group (P > .05). There was a significant difference in the result between the T1 and T3 groups (P < .05). The speech intelligibilities of the patients with tumors in anterior tongue or hemitongue were significantly lower than those with tumor in the middle or posterior tongue (P < .05). Patients with preservation of the tip of the tongue or floor of the mouth had higher intelligibilities (P < .05). CONCLUSION: For the patients after glossectomy within the range of hemitongue, except for the type of reconstruction, the tumor site or excision extent of the tongue followed by the tumor size may be key factors in determining the postoperative articulation intelligibility.