掌侧型Barton骨折的治疗

目的探讨提高Barton骨折疗效的方法和疗效。方法采用开放复位解剖型锁定钢板内固定治疗15例Bar-ton骨折患者,进行早期功能锻炼。结果 15例患者术后获6~18个月的随访,骨折均获骨性愈合,愈合时间平均为3.5个月;按照M erchant标准,优良率达93.3%。结论掌侧型Barton骨折早期手术治疗效果好。     

掌侧锁定钢板固定治疗桡骨远端关节内粉碎性骨折的疗效

目的探讨掌侧锁定钢板固定治疗桡骨远端关节内粉碎性骨折的效果。方法对52例桡骨远端关节内粉碎性骨折患者（闭合性骨折48例,开放性骨折4例）采用掌侧锁定钢板、掌侧锁定钢板加克氏针,掌侧锁定钢板加背侧支持钢板内固定治疗。结果术后随访18～54个月,平均32个月,52例患者骨折均获得愈合。行X线片复查示桡骨远端的掌倾角和尺偏角均恢复至正常范围,桡骨短缩基本纠正,桡骨远端关节面恢复程度良好。根据Gartland-Werley腕关节评分标准,优30例,良18例,差4例,优良率为92.3%。结论掌侧锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端关节内粉碎性骨折效果满意,根据背侧骨折块情况可结合克氏针或背侧钢板内固定。     

经皮锁定钢板与非锁定解剖钢板治疗锁骨中段移位骨折对比研究

目的回顾性比较经皮锁定钢板与非锁定解剖钢板治疗移位锁骨中段骨折的临床疗效。方法 2009年3月至2011年3月57例单侧闭合性锁骨中段骨折(Robinson,type2B)患者接受内固定手术治疗,其中27例(男12例,女15例)采用经皮锁定钢板固定(锁定钢板组),30例(男17例,女13例)采用非锁定解剖钢板(解剖钢板组)。比较两组患者在术后并发症和骨折愈合时间差异。结果所有患者均获随访,锁定钢板组术后获平均12.5个月(6～18个月)随访,解剖钢板组术后获平均14.7个月(6～19个月)随访。锁定钢板组27例患者骨折获全部愈合,平均愈合时间为(10±2.6)周。解剖钢板组30例患者骨折获全部愈合,平均愈合时间为(16±1.7)周,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。术后各种类型的并发症锁定钢板组有5例(18%),其中1例发生螺钉松动导致钢板移位,而解剖钢板组有13例(43%),其中发生钢板断裂、螺钉松动和骨折不愈合的各1例,但二组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.18)。结论推荐使用经皮锁定钢板固定锁骨中段移位骨折。     

掌侧锁定钢板内固定与外固定支架修复桡骨远端不稳定性骨折:随机对照

背景:桡骨远端不稳定性骨折是成人最常见的骨折之一,尽管目前治疗方法较多,但是最佳的修复方法仍存争议。目的:采用前瞻性随机对照的方法比较外固定支架与锁定钢板内固定修复桡骨远端不稳定性骨折的临床效果、并发症及影像学结果。方法:纳入2011年9月至2013年9月收治的122例桡骨远端不稳定性骨折患者,按随机数分配表分为两组,外固定组61例采用闭合复位外固定支架治疗,钢板组61例采用切开复位掌侧锁定钢板内固定治疗。比较两组患者住院天数、骨折愈合时间、腕关节功能及并发症发生率。影像学评估骨折复位质量,包括掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度及关节面台阶等。结果与结论:外固定组随访时间12-26个月,钢板组随访时间12-28个月,两组患者随访时间差异无显著性意义(P=0.300)。比较两组患者治疗后临床疗效和影像学结果,发现钢板组患者的住院天数、骨折愈合时间以及术后掌倾角恢复程度明显大于外固定组,而两组患者尺偏角、桡骨高度、腕关节功能、术后并发症发生率以及关节面台阶等方面的差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。提示对于桡骨远端不稳定性骨折,采用外固定支架或掌侧锁定钢板治疗,均可获得满意的临床疗效,但是外固定治疗具有创伤较小、住院天数较短、并发症轻微、骨折愈合较快等优点,尤其适用于老年桡骨远端骨折的修复。     

掌侧入路斜“T”型锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折患者的护理

目的探讨掌侧入路斜"T"型锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折患者的护理措施。方法回顾性总结2008年10月至2011年10月行掌侧入路斜"T"型锁定加压钢板治疗的28例桡骨远端骨折患者的临床资料。结果 28例患者住院时间为10~22d,平均(14.96±3.19)d。均获随访,时间9~20个月,平均(13.1±2.71)个月,随访期间未出现钢板断裂、松动及正中神经损伤、骨折移位等并发症。所有患者均骨性愈合,按Dient功能评定标准:优13例、良12例、可1例、差2例,优良率为89.2%。结论细致全面的护理及科学的康复训练是提高掌侧入路斜"T"型锁定加压钢板治疗效果、促进桡骨远端骨折患者关节功能恢复、预防并发症的重要措施。     

掌侧锁定钢板治疗不稳定型桡骨远端骨折疗效及并发症分析

目的:探讨掌侧锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端不稳定型骨折的疗效及并发症.方法:自2005年1月至2007年6月,我科收治63例桡骨远端不稳定型骨折,采用切开复位掌侧钢板内固定术治疗,进行1年以上随访,观察其疗效及并发症.结果:63例病例有61例均获得1年以上随访,随访时间为12～18个月(平均13.4个月).骨折复位维持满意.腕关节功能根据Garland与Werley评分标准,优19例,良33例,可9例,差2例.并发症12例,发生率19.6%.其中,拇长屈肌腱激惹3例,伸肌腱激惹1例,腕管综合征1例,局部疼痛3例,螺钉松动1例,骨折延迟愈合2例,手术后螺钉切入关节腔1例.结论:掌侧锁定钢板能有效地维持桡骨远端不稳定型骨折的复位,获得满意的腕关节功能.但它有一定的并发症发生率.     

锁定加压钢板与解剖钢板置入内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折

背景:对于治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折,锁定钢板与普通钢板均可应用。目的:比较锁定钢板与普通解剖型钢板置入内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折疗效的差异。方法:2007年6月至2010年6月应用胫骨近端钢板治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折118例,其中锁定加压钢板46例,解剖钢板72例。比较两种钢板置入内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的愈合时间及膝关节功能恢复情况。结果与结论:所有胫骨平台骨折均愈合,骨折愈合时间为10-25周,锁定钢板组平均14周,解剖钢板组平均16周;两组差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。两组内固定后各有2例因开放性骨折切口感染,运用抗生素及伤口换药后愈合,1例出现筋膜间室综合征(解剖钢板组,内固定后),经切开减压后渐愈。解剖钢板组出现轻度膝内翻2例,锁定钢板组出现轻度膝内翻1例。按Karlstrom评估标准,锁定钢板组优良率为93%,解剖钢板组优良率为79%,锁定钢板组疗效优良率明显优于解剖钢板组(P<0.05)。可见对于治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折,锁定钢板比普通钢板有更多优势。     

克氏针与微型钢板置入内固定治疗掌指骨骨折疗效比较

目的 了解克氏针与微型钢板置入内固定治疗掌指骨骨折的治疗效果.方法 对照组(克氏针内固定)掌指骨骨折23例(26处),术后随访时间均＞1年;实验组(微型钢板置入内固定)掌指骨骨折25例(28处),术后随访3个月至1年,平均为5.1个月.以TAFS评分标准对治疗效果进行评价.结果 实验组的治疗效果的优良率(85.7%)高于对照组(76.9%)(χ2 =10.121,P ＜0.05);实验组17处开放性骨折中2处继发手术后感染,对照组19处开放性骨折中3处继发手术后感染.骨折愈合时间:实验组为3.5～6.5周,平均5.0周;对照组6.4～9.6周,平均7.7 周,2处愈合效果不理想.结论 从手术后患者的疗效、感染率、康复时间来评价,用微型钢板置入内固定治疗掌指骨骨折相对于用克氏针内固定治疗,优势更为明显.     

微型钢板内固定治疗掌、指骨骨折

目的:探讨微型钢板内固定治疗掌、指骨骨折的疗效。方法:对32例手部掌、指骨45处骨折行切开复位微型钢板内固定术治疗,术后对手部功能进行评定。结果:术后随访8～12个月,平均10.5个月。骨折全部愈合,骨折愈合时间为4～8周,平均6.5周。按中华医学会手外科学会手部功能评定标准评定,优71.1%、良8.9%、可6.7%、差11.1%,总优良率为80.0%。结论:微型钢板内固定治疗手部骨折具有操作简便、固定可靠、功能恢复好、术后并发症少等优点,有利于患手功能恢复,是治疗掌、指骨骨折较为理想的方法。     

锁定加压钢板与解剖钢板内固定对Pilon骨折患者骨折复位及肢体功能的影响比较

目的比较锁定加压钢板与解剖钢板内固定对Pilon骨折患者骨折复位及肢体功能的影响。方法将40例Pilon骨折患者按治疗方式分为对照组(n=20,解剖钢板内固定)和观察组(n=20,锁定加压钢板内固定)。比较两组的治疗效果。结果观察组的治疗优良率略高于对照组(P>0.05)。观察组术后1、3个月的Burwell-Charnley、Lane-Sandhu评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后3个月,两组Lysholm评分均较术前显著升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论相较于解剖钢板内固定,以锁定加压钢板内固定治疗Pilon骨折更利于骨折复位、愈合及关节功能恢复,术后并发症少,值得推广。     

Correlation between wrist loads and the distal radius volar tilt angle

BACKGROUND: Based on the phenomenon of bone adaptation to mechanical stimuli (Wolff's law) this study investigates a previously unreported correlation between the maximum wrist joint reaction force and the volar tilt angle of the distal radius. METHODS: Free body analysis of the sagittal-plane forces acting on the supinated distal radius during lifting and radiographic measurements in thirty normal wrists are used to analyse the correlation between the theoretically calculated maximum wrist joint reaction force and the radiographically measured volar tilt angle. FINDINGS: Non-statistically significant difference (p=0.33, 95% confidence interval -0.64 degrees to 0.22 degrees) and statistically significant correlation (R(2)=0.74, r=0.86, p<0.001) between the angle of the maximum wrist force and the volar tilt angle of the distal radius and inverse relationship between the volar tilt angle and the magnitude of the maximum wrist force (R(2)=0.71, r=-0.84, P<0.001) were found. INTERPRETATION: The radiographically measured volar tilt angle of the distal radius appears not to differ significantly from the theoretically calculated angle of the maximum wrist joint reaction force, a possible explanation for the phylogenetical development of the volar tilt angle. Also, an inverse relationship between the volar tilt angle and the magnitude of the maximum joint reaction force was observed suggesting that wrists characterized by a low volar tilt angle may be subjected during lifting activities to maximum joint reaction forces up to 50% higher than those in wrists with a high volar tilt and emphasising the importance of accurate restoration of the volar tilt during treatment of all distal radius fractures.     

Radial and volar perilunate transscaphoid fracture dislocation.

An unusual volar and radial perilunate transscaphoid fracture dislocation is reported. Treatment of perilunate transscaphoid fracture dislocations by closed reduction often produces a poor result. Early open reduction may be followed by a good result, but if open reduction is impossible, proximal row carpectomy is advised.     

髌骨轴位摄影角度与屈膝角度的相关性

目的 探讨髌骨轴位摄影角度与屈膝角度的相关性.方法 选取30例患者的标准髌骨侧位膝关节屈膝过程的动态影像.在髌骨侧位动态影像中,以股骨前缘线与胫骨前缘线的夹角作为胫股角,以股骨前缘线与髌骨后缘线的夹角作为髌股角(X线入射角度),选择胫股角为50°～170°,每隔5°分别测量对应的髌股角.统计各胫股角相对应的髌股角的均值,对测量数据进行相关分析和回归分析.结果 胫股角在50°～110°范围时,胫股角和髌股角存在直线相关关系(r=0.92,P<0.01),回归方程为Y=60.71+0.60X.胫股角在115°～170°范围时,胫股角与髌股角的差值(髌胫角)基本恒定,其均值为15.04°±3.76°.结论 髌骨轴位摄影角度与胫股角具有直线相关性,在髌骨轴位摄影中可根据回归方程Y=60.71+0.60X或15°角选择相应的摄影角度.     

Traumatic volar dislocation of the second, third and fourth carpometacarpal joints: mechanism and manipulation

Traumatic volar dislocation of the second, third and fourth carpometacarpal joints without associated fracture is extremely rare. A single case, treated successfully by manipulative reduction supplemented with splint immobilization and isometric and isotonic muscle exercise is reported, with restoration of complete anatomical alignment revealed by postmanipulative radiographs. The radiology of carpometacarpal joint dislocation is discussed. The conservative traction-dorsiflexion manipulative reduction for multiple volar carpometacarpal joint dislocations is described and recommended before using open reduction. Based on the case, it is postulated that the mechanism of a carpometacarpal joint dislocation is due to a sudden violent force acting almost perpendicularly to the metacarpal head or heads; the reactive forces create the opposite directed forces as a lever type of strain on the involved carpometacarpal joint and produce the dislocation.     

Application of a volar static splint in poststroke spasticity of the upper limb

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and neurophysiologic effects of 3-month reflex inhibitory splinting (RIS) for poststroke upper-limb spasticity. DESIGN: Pretest-posttest trial. SETTING: Outpatient rehabilitation center. PARTICIPANTS: Forty consecutive patients with hemiplegia and upper-limb spasticity after stroke that had occurred at least 4 months before. INTERVENTION: Patients wore an immobilizing hand splint custom-fitted in the functional position for at least 90 minutes daily for 3 months. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Patients underwent measurement of (1) spasticity at the elbow and wrist according to Modified Ashworth Scale; (2) passive range of motion (PROM) at the wrist and elbow; (3) pain at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist using a visual analog scale; (4) spasms; and (5) comfort and time of splint application. The instrumental measure of spasticity was the ratio between the maximum amplitude of the H-reflex and the maximum amplitude of the M response (Hmax/Mmax ratio). RESULTS: A significant improvement of wrist PROM (F=8.92, P=.001) with greater changes in extension than in flexion, and a reduction of elbow spasticity (F=5.39, P=.002), wrist pain (F=2.89, P=.04), and spasms (F=4.33, P=.008) were observed. The flexor carpi radialis Hmax/Mmax ratio decreased significantly (F=4.2, P=.007). RIS was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: RIS may be used as an integrative treatment of poststroke upper-limb spasticity. It can be used comfortably at home, in selected patients without functional hand movements, and in cases of poor response or tolerance to antispastic drugs.