不透X线标志物法和13C-辛酸呼气试验法检测胃固体排空的评价

目的 比较不透X线标志物法（ROMs）和^13C-辛酸呼气试验法（OBT）检测胃固体排空方法的相关性。方法 对32例胆汁反流性胃炎（BRG）组和27例对照组（HC）同时应用^13C-辛酸呼气试验及不透X线标志物法进行胃排空检测,将所测参数输入计算机,用专用软件分析。结果 不透X线标志物法与^13C-辛酸呼气试验法测定的胃排空结果具有很好的相关性（P〈0．001）,两种检测方法均显示BRG组的固体胃排空较HC组明显延迟（P〈0．05）。结论 不透X线标志物法是一种非侵入性检测胃固体排空的方法,操作简单,与^13C-辛酸呼气试验法比较,具有较好的敏感性、特异性及准确性。BRG患者有明显的胃排空延迟,这可能是其发生病理性胆汁反流的一个重要原因。     

肝硬化患者血浆胆囊收缩素及胃动素对胃排空的影响

目的本研究旨在探讨肝硬化患者胃排空功能,并探讨其胃排空作用与空腹血浆胆囊收缩素、胃动素的关系,进而为预防和治疗肝硬化提供参考。方法 将30例肝硬化患者作为试验组,30例健康志愿者作为对照组,采用^13C-辛酸呼气试验法测定肝硬化患者以及对照组的胃固体半排空时间（GET1／2）,同时用放射免疫技术测定患者及对照组的空腹血浆胆囊收缩素（CCK）及胃动素（MTL）水平。结果与健康志愿者组相比,肝硬化患者组GET1／2明显延迟（P〈0．05）;空腹血浆CCIK及MTL水平明显升高,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;患者GET1／2与空腹血浆CCK及MTL水平各自呈正相关。结论肝硬化患者胃排空延迟可能与血浆CCK及MTL水平的异常增高相关。推测肝硬化时血浆CCK及MTL水平均明显增高,由此引发胃排空延迟,最终导致营养不良,进而加重患者病情。     

符合罗马Ⅲ标准的功能性消化不良患者固体胃排空功能研究

背景：罗马Ⅲ标准对功能性消化不良（FD）的定义作了更新和修订，相应FD患者人群亦发生改变。目的：研究符合罗马Ⅲ标准的FD患者的固体胃排空功能，以及新的FD症状谱和分型与固体胃排空功能之间的关系。方法：对36例符合罗马Ⅲ标准的FD患者和32名健康志愿者行^99Tc固体胃排空试验。比较不同症状分型FD患者的固体胃排空功能，分析固体胃排空功能与罗马Ⅲ标准中FD症状的相关性。结果：10例（27．8％）FD患者固体胃半排空时间超过正常上限，9例（25．0％）2h残留率高于正常上限。餐后不适综合征（PDS）、上腹痛综合征（EPS）和PDS＋EPS型FD患者固体胃半排空时间分别为（150．3±40．2）min、（118．3±25．1）min和（150．5±51．2）min，三组间差异无统计学意义（P=0．126）。餐后饱胀不适症状与固体胃半排空时间和2h残留率均呈线性正相关．相关系数分别为11．5（P=0．043）和0．045（P=0．040）。结论：本组27．8％的FD患者存在固体胃排空延迟。PDS和PDS＋EPS型FD的固体胃半排空时间有长于EPS的趋势。FD患者的餐后饱胀不适症状与固体胃排空延迟有关，固体胃排空延迟是符合罗马Ⅲ标准的FD患者的病理生理机制之一。     

糖尿病性胃轻瘫的动力学研究

目的研究糖尿病性胃轻瘫患者胃动力学异常的机制．方法非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病（ｎｏｎｉｎｓｕｌｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｄｉａｂｅｔｅｓｍｅｌｉｔｕｓ，ＮＩＤＤＭ）患者３２例，正常人２２例作对照．采用同位素方法测定固体液体胃排空．另外，用胃频谱图机做胃频谱分析．结果ＮＩＤＤＭ患者的固体液体胃半排空时间较正常对照组明显延缓／ｍｉｎ．（９１５±２３７ｖｓ４９２±９２及５９１±１１４ｖｓ３３２±１４８，Ｐ＜００１），固体胃排空延迟主要在排空３０ｍｉｎ以后，液体胃排空延迟主要在６０ｍｉｎ以后；ＮＩＤＤＭ患者中糖尿病性胃轻瘫检出率为５６３％；ＮＩＤＤＭ胃轻瘫患者伴有胃动过速者（４４４％）多于ＮＩＤＤＭ不伴胃轻瘫的患者（７１％，Ｐ＜００５）；ＮＩＤＤＭ患者的胃排空延迟与自主神经病变有关（Ｐ＜００１）；ＮＩＤＤＭ患者的胃排空延迟与外周神经病变、肾脏病变、空腹血糖和病程无关（Ｐ＞００５）．结论ＮＩＤＤＭ患者胃固体液体胃排空延迟，胃轻瘫检出率５６３％，其特点：固体液体胃排空延迟和胃节律紊乱．自主神经病变是引起糖尿病性胃轻瘫的重要因素．     

慢性胃炎的固体胃排空

目的探讨慢性胃炎与正常人之间胃排空有否差异．方法同时用硫化锝胶体标记的核素法和13CO2又－辛酸呼气试验法检测固体胃排空．结果10名正常人核素法：半排空时间（T1／2）为56．8min±19．8min，延迟相（Lagphase）为32min，排空速率（EGC）为3．25．呼气法：胃半排空指数（T1／2B）为164±17．8，LagphaseB为39．6分，EGC为3．97．幽门螺杆菌阳性慢性胃炎患者12例核素法T1／2为88．2min±33．2min，Lagphase为28min，EGC为2．84，呼气法：T1／2B为193±35．3，LagphaseB为38．9分，EGC为2．96．幽门螺杆菌阴性慢性胃炎11例核素法T1／2为85±37．4分，LagphaseB为29．2，EGC为3．04．呼气法T1／2B：194±26．9，LagphaseB：37．6分，EGC：3．28．两种检测方法显著相关（r＝0．793），两种方法均显示胃固体排空在幽门螺杆菌阳性和阴性组间无显著性差异（P＞0．05）．但两组与正常组相比有显著性差异（P＜0．05）．结论①13-C-辛酸呼气试验与流代锡胶体标记的核素法检测胃排空有显著相关性．②慢性胃炎的胃排空较正常人的胃排空明显延长．③幽门螺杆菌感染不影响慢性胃炎的胃排空，     

功能性消化不良与功能性便秘胃排空情况及其相互关系的研究

目的了解功能性消化性不良（P-D）、功能性便秘（FC）的胃排空情况,并探讨其相互关系。方法选择符合罗马Ⅲ标准的FD患者63例,单纯FC患者34例,FD＋FC患者46例,无消化道症状的健康体检者40例作为对照组,上述所有患者及健康体检者利用^（13）C-辛酸呼气试验（OBT）进行胃排空时间测定。结果①FD组中胃排空延迟发生率占57．1％（36／63）,单纯Fc组中胃排空延迟发生率占58．8％（20／34）,FC＋FD组中胃排空延迟发生率占65．2％（30／46）,FD组、单纯FC组与FC＋FD组间比较无统计学差异（P〉0．01）,三组与对照组均有显著差异（P〈0．01）;②单纯FC组与对照组中无重度胃排空延迟病例出现,而FD（占38．1％）、FC＋FD（占34．8％）组中重度胃排空延迟病例所占比例较大,均与单纯FC、对照组有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论胃动力异常与FD、FC的发病密切相关;FC患者重叠FD症状的几率较高;FD与FC尽管均存在胃动力异常,但严重程度不一,指导临床,需区别对待。     

糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠胃窦内ICC和SP变化的实验研究

目的观察Cajal间质细胞和P物质在糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠胃窦的改变,进而探讨糖尿病胃轻瘫发生的相关机制。方法SD大鼠30只,随机分为正常对照组（n=10）和糖尿病组（n=20）。用链脲佐菌素建立大鼠糖尿病胃轻瘫模型,3个月后用放射性核素（^99Tc）灌胃测定大鼠胃液体排空率,取正常对照组及模型组大鼠胃窦标本,应用免疫组化染色法检测c—kit阳性Cajal间质细胞和P物质在大鼠胃窦的变化,应用彩色病理图像分析软件进行分析,并行统计学比较。结果与正常大鼠相比,糖尿病大鼠胃排空明显延迟（P〈0．01）,胃窦c—kit阳性Cajal间质细胞减少（P〈0．01）,P物质表达减少（P〈0．01）。结论糖尿病胃轻瘫与Cajal间质细胞和P物质的变化有一定的相关性。     

^13C-辛酸呼气试验对反流性食管炎患者胃排空功能的检测

[目的]以^13C-辛酸呼气试验对反流性食管炎患者胃排空功能进行检测,探讨其胃动力学变化及其与内镜分级的相关性。[方法]入选确诊为反流性食管炎的患者68例,按内镜Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ分级分为Ⅰ级组、Ⅱ级组、Ⅲ级组;同时入选健康志愿者25例作为对照组。在空腹口服^13C-辛酸后,收集检测结果计算患者DOB曲线达峰时间（Tmax）^13CO2代谢速率峰值（MVmax）、240min^13CO2累积呼出丰度（CUM240）、胃半排空时间（T1／2）和延迟相时间（Tlog）。[结果]各患者组Tmax、T1／2和Tlog均显著延长（其中Ⅲ级组最长）,MVmax、CUM240均显著降低（其中Ⅲ级组最低）,与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义。[结论]反流性食管炎胃排空功能与内镜分级呈高度相关性,随着内镜分级的增加,胃排空功能相应延迟。     

糖尿病大鼠胃排空功能与胃组织瘦素的关系

大量文献已证实瘦素可抑制胃排空，胃排空延迟是糖尿病常见的并发症。目的：探讨不同病期糖尿病胃排空延迟与胃组织瘦素的关系。方法：40只Wistar大鼠分为对照1周组（NC1组）、对照4周组（NC2组）、糖尿病病期1周组（DM1组）和糖尿病病期4周组（DM2组）。分别于注射链佐霉素或柠檬酸缓冲液1、4周后检测大鼠胃排空、胃组织瘦素和瘦索受体OB—RbmRNA的表达。结果：与NC1组相比，DM1组大鼠胃排空明显加快（P〈0．01），胃组织瘦素表达显著增加（P〈0．01），OB—RbmRNA的表达无显著差异。与NC2组相比，DM2组大鼠胃排空明显减缓（P〈0．01），瘦素表达显著降低（P〈0．01），OB—RbmRNA的表达无显著差异。结论：随着糖尿病病期的持续，大鼠胃排空由加速转为延迟．胃组织瘦素表达反馈性由增加转为减少。     

IBS与胃排空、胃电活动及Hp感染的关系

对76例肠易激综合征（IBS）患者和30例正常志愿者分别测定胃固体排空功能,记录胃电节律变化,空腹检测Hp感染情况。发现便秘型IBS患者胃固体排空功能延迟而腹泻型增快,两组间比较2h胃排空率及6h胃排空率均有统计学差异。IBS患者Hp感染率高,便秘组（52．17％）高于腹泻组（23．33％）。胃排空正常患者与排空异常患者Hp感染率比较无统计学差异。认为IBS患者存在胃固体排空障碍及胃电节律紊乱,两者间有一定的关系;IBS患者的Hp感染率高;Hp感染与胃排空无显著相关。     

Measurement of gastric emptying by 13C-octanoic acid breath test versus scintigraphy in diabetics

In this prospective study, we compared the assessment of gastric emptying by the 13C-octanoic acid breath test to gastric emptying scintigraphy in diabetics. We also examined the relationship between gastric emptying parameters and gastric symptoms and cardiovascular autonomic function. The 13C-octanoic acid breath test and scintigraphy were performed simultaneously in 24 diabetics with a solid test meal (1 egg, doubly labelled with 91 mg 13C-octanoic acid and 50 MBq 99mTechnetium-Nanocoll, 60 g white bread, 5 g margarine and 150 ml water). At fifteen-minute intervals, breath samples were taken over 4 hours and examined by mass spectrometry. In parallel, scintigraphy was performed for 2 hours at one minute intervals. Using breath test data, gastric emptying half time (t (1/2) ), lag-phase (t lag ) and gastric emptying coefficient (GEC) were calculated. Subsequently, the correlation of these results with the equivalent data from scintigraphy were determined employing a regression method. To detect a cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, a 24-h ECG recording was performed. The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in our collective was assessed by a standardized questionnaire. There was a highly significant positive correlation of both 13C-octanoic acid breath test t (1/2) and scintigraphic t (1/2) (r = 0.8257; p < 0.0001) and 13C-octanoic acid breath test t lag and scintigraphic t lag (r = 0.6302; p < 0.001). The sensitivity of the 13C-octanoic acid breath test was 1 and the specificity was 0.73. In our study, there was no significant association of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and gastric emptying disorders. We conclude that the 13C-octanoic acid breath test represents a suitable method to measure disordered gastric emptying in diabetics due to its highly significant positive correlation to scintigraphy and due to its validity. It is not possible to predict diabetic gastroparesis on the basis of other autonomic function disorders or because of dyspeptic symptoms.     

Gastric emptying in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetes associated with mitochondrial DNA 3243 mutation using 13C-octanoic acid breath test

Although the (13)C-octanoic acid breath test (OBT) has been applied to diabetic patients for assessing gastric emptying, such studies are still limited. Gastric emptying was measured using solid meal containing (13)C-octanoic acid in 52 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and 4 diabetic patients with mitochondrial DNA (mitDNA) 3243 mutation. Delayed gastric emptying was detected in 29% of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and multiple regression analysis showed that gastric emptying was independently associated with gastrointestinal symptoms and cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Gastric emptying was not related to gastric dysrhythmia in cutaneous electrogastrography (EGG). Diabetic patients with mitDNA 3243 mutation showed delayed gastric emptying. Because the pathogenesis of delayed gastric emptying is multifactorial in diabetic patients, the recently developed OBT is useful for studying gastric emptying in various clinical settings of diabetic patients.     

Evaluation of gastric emptying measured with the 13C-octanoic acid breath test in patients with functional dyspepsia: comparison with ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: As a non-invasive modality by which to evaluate the gastric emptying of a solid meal, the 13C-octanoic acid breath test has recently become more widely used. Previously, we reported that ultrasonography was another non-invasive and reliable method for assessing gastric motility. The aim of this study was to compare the reliability of these two methods. METHODS: Seventeen patients with functional dyspepsia and 10 healthy volunteers were studied. The solid test meal consisted of a scrambled egg labeled with 13C-octanoic acid (100 mg) and served with a bowl of rice and boiled chicken (total 424 kcal). After ingestion of the test meal, all subjects were examined in the sitting position. Ultrasonography images were obtained every 15 min for 3 h. Breath sampling followed the same time schedule as for the ultrasonography, with an additional 3 h of sampling at 30-min intervals. We investigated the half emptying time (T1/2) and the lag phase with both methods. RESULTS: The T1/2 by the ultrasonography method and the breath test were positively correlated (r2 = 0.638); however, there was no significant agreement between the study groups. Both the T1/2 and the lag phase were prolonged in the functional dyspepsia patients compared with the healthy volunteers, regardless of the method of measurement. The lag phase was significantly correlated (r2=0.864) with the T1/2 by the breath test. CONCLUSIONS: Although the 13C-octanoic acid breath test cannot assess the gastric emptying of solids as reliably as ultrasonography, both tests are useful for evaluating functional dyspepsia patients with delayed gastric emptying.     

Evaluation of Gastric Emptying Measured with the 13 C-octanoic Acid Breath Test in Patients with Functional Dyspepsia: Comparison with Ultrasonography

Background: As a non-invasive modality by which to evaluate the gastric emptying of a solid meal, the 13C-octanoic acid breath test has recently become more widely used. Previously, we reported that ultrasonography was another non-invasive and reliable method for assessing gastric motility. The aim of this study was to compare the reliability of these two methods. Methods: Seventeen patients with functional dyspepsia and 10 healthy volunteers were studied. The solid test meal consisted of a scrambled egg labeled with 13 C-octanoic acid (100 mg) and served with a bowl of rice and boiled chicken (total 424 kcal). After ingestion of the test meal, all subjects were examined in the sitting position. Ultrasonography images were obtained every 15 min for 3 h. Breath sampling followed the same time schedule as for the ultrasonography, with an additional 3 h of sampling at 30-min intervals. We investigated the half emptying time (T1/2) and the lag phase with both methods. Results: The T1/2 by the ultrasonography method and the breath test were positively correlated ( r 2 = 0.638); however, there was no significant agreement between the study groups. Both the T1/2 and the lag phase were prolonged in the functional dyspepsia patients compared with the healthy volunteers, regardless of the method of measurement. The lag phase was significantly correlated ( r 2 = 0.864) with the T1/2 by the breath test. Conclusions: Although the 13 C-octanoic acid breath test cannot assess the gastric emptying of solids as reliably as ultrasonography, both tests are useful for evaluating functional dyspepsia patients with delayed gastric emptying.     

[13C]0ctanoic acid breath test for non-invasive assessment of gastric emptying in diabetic patients: Validation and relationship to gastric symptoms and cardiovascular autonomic function

Summary Since there is a need for a widely applicable non-invasive test to assess gastric emptying in diabetic patients, we evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of the [¹³C]octanoic acid breath test as compared with scintigraphy. Moreover, we examined the relationship between the breath test indices and gastric symptoms, cardiovascular autonomic function, and metabolic parameters. Forty healthy control subjects and 34 diabetic patients were studied. Three indices of gastric emptying, assessed by the breath test, were computed: half-emptying time (t_1/2breath), gastric emptying coefficient (GEC), and lag phase. Furthermore, the half-emptying time, measured by scintigraphy (t_1/2scint), was calculated and gastric symptoms and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) were scored. The coefficients of variation of day-to-day reproducibility in 10 healthy subjects were 29.6 % for t_1/2breath, 7.4 % for GEC, and 46.5 % for lag phase. An abnormal delay for t_1/2scint (> 100 min) or t_1/2breath (> 200 min) was noted in 12 patients. Based on the results for t_1/2scint, the sensitivity of t_1/2breath and GEC was 75 % and the specificity was 86 %. Both t_1/2breath (r _s = 0.523; p < 0.05) and GEC (r ₂ = − 0.594; p < 0.05) were significantly associated with the gastric symptom score. A significant relationship to the CAN score was demonstrated for t_1/2breath (r _s = 0.448; p < 0.05), GEC (r _s = − 0.467; p < 0.05), and t_1/2scint (r _s = 0.602; p < 0.05). There were no significant associations of the breath test indices with the blood glucose levels during the test, HbA_1c, age, and duration of diabetes. In patients with abnormal t_1/2scint (n = 12) not only was t_1/2breath significantly prolonged and GEC reduced, but also the scores of CAN and gastric symptoms were significantly increased as compared with those who had a normal t_1/2scint (n = 22). We conclude that the [¹³C]octanoic acid breath test represents a suitable measure of delayed gastric emptying in diabetic patients which is associated with the severity of gastric symptoms and CAN but not affected by the blood glucose level. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 823–830]     

13C-octanoic acid breath test for gastric emptying measurement

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this multicentre study was to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of the 13C-octanoic acid breath test compared to scintigraphy for measurement of gastric emptying. METHODS: Sixty-nine healthy subjects (40 men, 29 women; mean age 30 years, range 21-61) were studied at least once by using the 13C-octanoic breath test. In 34 healthy subjects, gastric emptying was simultaneously measured by gastric scintigraphy, and the 13C-octanoic breath test was then repeated in 18 of these cases. Fifty-four patients (30 men, 24 women; mean age 46 years, range 13-74) with dyspeptic or reflux symptoms were studied according to the same procedure. RESULTS: The correlation between breath test and scintigraphic values was highly significant (r = 0.744, P<0.001). The concordance of results of scintigraphy and breath test (normal versus abnormal) and the reproducibility (Bland and Altman method) of the breath test were good (CVinter = 24%, CVintra = 15%). As compared to scintigraphy, breath test detected an abnormal gastric emptying with 67% sensitivity and 80% specificity (ROC analysis). CONCLUSION: These results confirm the value of breath test as an accurate measurement of gastric emptying. Its excellent reproducibility makes it a method of choice for pharmacological studies. However, at least when scintigraphy is considered the gold standard, breath test sensitivity may be insufficient for the detection of gastroparesis in an individual patient.     

Non-invasive assessment of gastrointestinal motility disorders in diabetic patients with and without cardiovascular signs of autonomic neuropathy.

Twenty six patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus underwent a gastric emptying test, a gall bladder contraction test, an orocaecal transit study, and a colon transit test. Eleven patients had signs of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, 15 patients were without signs of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Mean gastric clearance of radioopaque markers ingested with a meal averaged 29.5 (2.3) markers per six hours in subjects without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy compared with 17.8 (2.3) markers per six hours in patients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (p < 0.02). Gall bladder emptying in response to graded CCK8 stimulation was impaired in five of 11 patients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, whereas it was normal in the patients without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (p < 0.01). Oral caecal transit times were not significantly different in the two patient groups, whereas colonic transit was slower in the patients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy compared with the group without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (p < 0.02). There was no correlation between disturbed gastric clearance, impaired gall bladder contraction, and prolonged colonic transit time in the patients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy nor was there a correlation between any disturbed motor function and age or duration of diabetes. It is concluded that autonomic neuropathy can affect motor functions throughout the gastro-intestinal tract. Any disturbed motor function in the gut could therefore be one of the numerous expressions of diabetic neuropathy affecting the cardiovascular, the endocrine or the gastrointestinal system.     

Relation between gastric emptying rate and rate of intraluminal lipolysis.

The variable gastric emptying rate of a test meal is one of the major problems in evaluating accurately gastrointestinal physiological functions beyond the stomach. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the gastric emptying rate on the rate of intraluminal lipolysis. Thirty four subjects without pancreatic disease (21 with a normal gastric emptying and 13 with a known slow gastric emptying) and 14 subjects with pancreatic disease (four without and 10 with pancreatic insufficiency) were studied using a dual labelled breath test. The test meal consisted of one egg, 60 grams of white bread, 10 grams of margarine, and 150 ml of water (350 kcal). The egg yolk was labelled with 91 mg of 13C-octanoic acid, the margarine was labelled with 296 kBq of distearyl-2-14C-octanoyl-glycerol. Breath samples were taken every 15 minutes during six hours and analysed for 13CO2 and 14CO2 content. The gastric emptying rate of the meal was evaluated by the gastric emptying coefficient, the half emptying time, and the lag phase; the rate of intraluminal lipolysis was evaluated by the six hours cumulative 14CO2 excretion. Despite a clear distinction in the rate of intraluminal lipolysis, no difference could be detected in gastric emptying rate of the test meal between subjects without and with pancreatic disease. In subjects with pancreatic insufficiency, intraluminal hydrolysis was the rate limiting process in fat assimilation; in patients without pancreatic insufficiency, however, gastric emptying could be rate limiting. Therefore, patients with known slow gastric emptying, displayed a significantly decreased rate of intraluminal lipolysis compared with normal controls. This decrease could be corrected for accurately using a correction factor based on the gastric emptying coefficient. In conclusion, the combined 13C-octanoic acid and 14C-mixed triglyceride breath test permits the measurement of gastric emptying rate and intraluminal lipolysis simultaneously in a minimally invasive way. Correction of intraluminal lipolysis rate for gastric emptying rate of the given test meal permits evaluation of fat assimilation rates in a physiological way regardless of gastric emptying disorders.     

Effect of DA-9701 on gastric emptying in a mouse model: Assessment by ¹³C-octanoic acid breath test

AIM:To evaluate the effects of DA-9701 on the gastric emptying of a solid meal using the 13C-octanoic acid breath test in a mouse model. METHODS:Male C57BL/6 mice aged > 8 wk and with body weights of 20-25 g were used in this study. The solid test meal consisted of 200 mg of egg yolk labeled with 1.5 L/g 13C-octanoic acid. The mice were placed in a 130 mL chamber flushed with air at a flow speed of 200 mL/min. Breath samples were collected for 6 h. The half-emptying time and lag phase were calculated using a modified power exponential model. To assess the reproducibility of the 13C-octanoic acid breath test, the breath test was performed two times at intervals of one week in ten mice without drug treatment. To assess the gastrokinetic effects of DA-9701, the breath test was performed three times in another twelve mice, with a randomized crossover sequence of three drug treatments:DA-9701 3 mg/kg, erythromycin 6 mg/kg, or saline. Each breath test was performed at an interval of one week. RESULTS:Repeatedly measured half gastric emptying time of ten mice without drug treatment showed 0.856 of the intraclass correlation coefficient for the half gastric emptying time (P = 0.004). The mean cumulative excretion curve for the 13C-octanoic acid breath test showed accelerated gastric emptying after DA-9701 treatment compared with the saline control (P = 0.028). The median half gastric emptying time after the DA-9701 treatment was significantly shorter than after the saline treatment [122.4 min (109.0-137.9 min) vs 134.5 min (128.4-167.0 min), respectively; P = 0.028] and similar to that after the erythromycin treatment [123.3 min (112.9-138.2 min)]. The lag phase, which was defined as the period taken to empty 15% of a meal, was significantly shorter after the DA-9701 treatment than after the saline treatment [48.1 min (44.6-57.1 min) vs 52.6 min (49.45-57.4 min), respectively; P = 0.049]. CONCLUSION:The novel prokinetic agent DA-9701 accelerated gastric emptying, assessed with repeated measurements in the same mouse