Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian children and adolescents: reassessment of 1985 and 1995 data against new standard international definitions.

OBJECTIVE: To review the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian children and adolescents in two national samples, 10 years apart, using the new standard international definitions of the International Obesity Task Force Childhood Obesity Working Group. DESIGN: Body mass index (BMI) cut-off points defining overweight and obesity were applied to the individual BMI values in the two cross-sectional samples. SETTING: Australian community. PARTICIPANTS: 8,492 schoolchildren aged 7-15 years (Australian Health and Fitness Survey, 1985) and 2,962 children aged 2-18 years (National Nutrition Survey, 1995). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of overweight and obesity. RESULTS: In the 1985 sample, 9.3% of boys and 10.6% of girls were overweight and a further 1.7% [corrected] of boys and 1.6% [corrected] of girls were obese. In the 1995 sample, overall 15.0% of boys (varied with age from 10.4% to 20.0%) and 15.8% of girls (varied with age from 14.5% to 17.2%) were overweight, and a further 4.5% of boys (2.4%-6.8%) and 5.3% of girls (4.2%-6.3%) were obese. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the 1995 sample peaked at 12-15 years in boys and 7-11 years in girls. In schoolchildren aged 7-15 years, the rates represent a relative risk of overweight in 1995 compared with 1985 of 1.79 (95% CI, 1.59-2.00) and of obesity of 3.28 (95% CI, 2.51-4.29). Compared with previous estimates from these samples, the revised prevalence data are slightly higher for the 1985 data and considerably higher for the 1995 data. CONCLUSION: The secular trend of increasing overweight and obesity in the decade from 1985 and the high prevalence rates in Australian children and adolescents are a major public health concern.     

乌鲁木齐市不同民族儿童皮下脂肪厚度调查

目的:评价不同民族儿童皮下脂肪增长状况。方法:使用英制 Harpenden皮脂卡钳 ,测量 14 2 3例 7～13岁维吾尔族 (维族 )、哈萨克族 (哈族 )、汉族、回族 4个民族儿童肱三头肌部、肩胛下角部、上臂围皮脂厚度。 结果 :汉族儿童皮脂厚度明显高于其他 3个民族儿童 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,回族儿童高于维、哈族儿童 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,哈族儿童高于维族儿童 (P <0 .0 5 )。 结论:根据皮脂厚度测量结果 ,4个民族儿童皮下脂肪厚度状况顺序依次为汉、回、哈、维。     

深圳市某小学青少年超重及肥胖现况调查分析

目的：了解深圳市儿童青少年超重、肥胖流行现状和影响因素,为青少年肥胖的预防提供依据。方法采取分层整群抽样方法抽取深圳市某小学311名7～13岁青少年作为调查对象,通过问卷和体格检查资料,计算体重指数,利用中国肥胖问题工作组标准（WGOC标准）对不同性别和年龄段的体重指数、超重率和肥胖率进行分析。结果按WGOC标准分析,本次调查的青少年总体超重率为17.68%,肥胖率为9.32%。男生超重率为21.71%,肥胖率为12.00%;女生超重率为12.50%,肥胖率为5.88%。结论本次调查显示深圳市青少年总体超重和肥胖率较其他地区高,青少年的超重、肥胖现象男生比女生严重。不良的饮食习惯、缺乏运动和长时间静坐是主要的危险因素,学校、家长等有关方面应该对此引起注意并采取有效防治措施。     

新疆不同民族耳聋人群耳聋基因常见突变的筛查

目的探讨新疆4个民族耳聋患者常见基因突变的特点。方法选取非综合征性耳聋患者357例,其中维吾尔族184例,汉族133例,哈萨克族15例,回族25例,通过血样抽取和DNA提取后利用基因芯片对所选样本的8个突变位点进行检测。结果汉族、哈萨克族、回族和维吾尔族常见耳聋基因的检出率分别为30.83%、20.00%、16.00%和12.50%,差别有统计学意义;汉族耳聋患者检出235delC、299-300delAT、176del16、IVS7-2A>G、2168A>G、1555A>G和1494C>T均质突变;维吾尔族耳聋患者检出235delC、35delG、187delG、IVS7-2A>G、2168A>G和1555A>G均质突变;哈萨克族耳聋患者中检测出35delG和IVS7-2A>G突变;回族耳聋患者检出235delC、299-300delAT、176del16和35delG突变。结论 4个民族耳聋患者的耳聋基因突变谱存在一定差异。235delC是维吾尔族、汉族和回族耳聋患者的热点突变,35delG是维吾尔族和哈萨克族的热点突变,IVS7-2A>G是汉族耳聋患者热点突变;187delG是维吾尔族耳聋患者中首次发现的病理性突变。     

新疆维吾尔族、哈萨克族外周动脉疾病患病率及危险因素分析

目的 了解新疆维吾尔族(维族)、哈萨克族(哈族)成年人外周动脉疾病(PAD)的患病率和相关危险因素.方法 2007年10月至2010年5月应用整群抽样法抽取新疆35岁以上汉族、维族、哈族人群14 618名作为研究对象.统计不同民族不同年龄、不同性别人群的PAD患病率,并对PAD的危险因素进行分析.结果 新疆维族、哈族成年人PAD总患病率6.46%(542例),标化患病率6.51%.维族PAD患病率7.05%(315例),哈族为5.79%(227例),经标化后,维族、哈族患病率分别为7.08%、5.83%,差异有统计学意义(x2=5.55,P＜0.05).男性患病率4.49%(170例),女性为8.08%(372例),经标化后,男性患病率为4.30%,女性为7.90%,差异有统计学意义(x2=44.26,P＜0.01).经多因素Logistic回归分析,年龄(OR=1.01,95%CI1.00～1.02)、女性(OR=1.75,95%CI1.45～2.14)、肥胖或超重(OR=1.04,95%CI1.01～1.06)、糖尿病(OR=1.59,95%CI 1.01～2.36)、收缩压增高(OR=1.02,95%CI1.01～1. 03)、舒张压增高(OR=1. 08,95%CI 1.01～1.11)、冠心病史(OR=1.69,95%CI1.14～2.50)与PAD患病有关.结论 新疆维、哈族成年人PAD患病率较低.女性、年龄、超重或肥胖、糖尿病、收缩压升高、舒张压升高、冠心病史为PAD危险因素.     

上海地区儿童超重和肥胖的评价标准比较

目的比较和分析四种基于身高、体质量的儿童肥胖的评价标准。方法选取上海市2347名7～8岁的儿童,其中男生1175名,女生1172名,测量其身高、体质量,并计算体质量指数。分别采用身高别体质量法（1985）标准（WFH1985标准）、中国肥胖问题工作组儿童青少年体质指数标准（WGOC标准）、欧洲国际肥胖工作组儿童青少年体质指数标准（IOTF标准）与美国疾病预防控制中心儿童青少年体质指数标准（CDC标准）评价儿童超重和肥胖的发生率。结果①男生超重发生率为IOTF标准明显高于其他三个标准（P〈0．05）,女生超重发生率IOTF标准明显高于WGOC标准和CDC标准（P〈0．05）;男生肥胖发生率IOTF标准明显低于其他三个标准（P〈0．01）;女生肥胖发生率IOTF标准明显低于WFH1985标准和WGOC标准（P〈0．01）。②WFH1985标准和WGOC标准对肥胖和超重的评价结果差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论WFH1985标准和WGOC标准比IOTF和CDC标准更适合我国儿童超重和肥胖发生率的筛查。     

The Association of Overweight and Obesity with Blood Pressure among Chinese Children and Adolescents

ObjectiveTo examine the association between obesity and high blood pressure (BP) in Chinese children and adolescents.MethodsBody mass index (BMI) and blood pressure measurements of 197 191 children aged 7–17 years were obtained from a Chinese national survey in 2010. Obesity and high BP were defined according to the reference values for Chinese children. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of different BMI categories for high BP, as well as the population attributable risk percent (PAR%), were also calculated.ResultsThe prevalence of high BP was 16.1% for boys and 12.9% for girls in 2010. Overweight and obese children had a significantly higher prevalence of high BP than non-overweight children in both boys and girls in each age group. ORs (95% CI) for high BP were 4.1 (3.9, 4.4) in obese boys and 4.0 (3.7, 4.3) in obese girls. The overall PAR% for high BP due to overweight and obesity was 14.4%.ConclusionOverweight and obese children have a significantly higher risk of high BP than non-overweight children. Eliminating overweight and obesity could reduce 14.4% of high BP cases.     

乌鲁木齐市中小学生第一恒磨牙患龋情况调查分析

目的：了解新疆乌鲁木齐市中小学生第一恒磨牙患龋情况,为防治对策提供依据.方法： 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,对乌鲁木齐市7所中小学校,年龄在7～15岁的3 005名不同民族的学生行第一恒磨牙龋病患病率的调查.结果： 第一恒磨牙总患龋率为13.58%,总体龋均为2.07.随着年龄的增长,第一恒磨牙患龋率有明显升高趋势（P＜0.01）;男性患龋率（10.70%）明显低于女性（16.72%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;汉、维吾尔、哈萨克和回族第一恒磨牙的患龋率分别为16.95%、10.07% 、9.80% 和19.58%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.龋失补牙数为844颗,其中龋齿数随年龄增长呈增加趋势.结论： 乌鲁木齐市中小学生（儿童少年）第一恒磨牙的患龋率较高,患龋程度严重,应加强对第一恒磨牙龋病的预防和治疗.     

Nutritional status of schoolchildren in an urban area of Sri Lanka

BACKGROUND: As in many other Asian countries, Sri Lanka is in the phase of a rapid demographic, nutritional and epidemiological transition. As a result dietary habits and lifestyle are changing. These have led to new health problems in the region. Childhood overweight and obesity are examples of such problems. OBJECTIVE: To provide information on the nutritional status of 8-12 years old schoolchildren in an urban area of Sri Lanka. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seven schools situated in the city of Colombo were randomly selected. They showed a fair representation of children of all social levels. Fifty students from each grade (years 4, 5, 6, 7) of each school were randomly selected. Their height was measured using a stadiometer to the closest 0.1cm and weight measured using an electronic weighing scale (Seca, France) to the closest 100 g. Calibration was checked with a standard weight at each 25 measurements. Information regarding behaviour, feeding practices and socioeconomic factors were obtained by a questionnaire filled by the parent or the guardian. To define obesity and overweight, sex and age specific body mass index (BMI) criteria recommended by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) were used. The age and sex specific BMI 5th percentile from revised NCHS (2000) growth charts were used to define thinness. Weight and height Z score of less than -2 from the median of height for age and weight for age derived using the ANTHRO software (CDC, USA) were used to define stunting and underweight respectively. Data were analysed using Epilnfo 2000 (CDC, USA) computer package. RESULTS: Anthropometric data of 1 224 children (48% boys), and feeding practices and behaviour pattern data of 1 102 children (44% boys) were analysed. Obesity prevalence among boys (4.3%) was higher than in girls (3.1%). The prevalence of thinness was 24.7% in boys and 23.1% in girls. 5.1% of boys and 5.2% of girls were stunted. 7.0% of boys and 6.8% of girls were underweight. 66% of obese children and 43.5% of overweight children belonged to high-income category (monthly family income more than Rs. 20,000). Apart from family income, behaviour patterns did not significantly influence the nutritional status. CONCLUSIONS: Although the data are not representative of the entire country, nutritional transition is evident in the city of Colombo. Obesity and overweight in older children are some emerging nutritional problems that may be the consequence of emerging patterns of the lifestyle and diet in response to social and cultural changes.     

乌鲁木齐市1513名儿童血铅、镉水平调查分析

目的:了解乌鲁木齐市不同民族儿童血铅、镉水平.方法:采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取乌鲁木齐市15l3名6～10岁汉族、维吾尔族(维族)、哈萨克族(哈族)儿童,采集其静脉血样,使用BH-2100型原子吸收光谱仪对血铅、镉水平进行测定.结果:汉、维、哈族儿童血铅水平差异有统计学意义,汉族儿童明显低于哈族儿童(P＜0.05).汉、维、哈族儿童血镉水平差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),汉族儿童血镉水平明显高于维族和哈族儿童(P＜0.05),汉族和维族儿童血铅、镉水平无明显相关性,哈族儿童血铅、镉水平低度相关(r=0.161,P＜0.05).结论:乌鲁木齐市汉、维、哈族儿童血铅、镉水平需要引起重视.     

上海市闵行区学生体质指数分布情况及肥胖流行现状研究

背景　随着我国经济的快速发展,上海市面临着严峻的学生肥胖流行现状。因此,了解上海市学生体质指数（BMI）分布情况及肥胖流行现状,对我国进行儿童肥胖标准的修订和精准干预十分重要。目的　分析上海市闵行区学生BMI分布特征和肥胖流行现状,为我国制定相关卫生政策提供科学证据。方法　从上海市闵行区2016年度学生健康体格检查（以下简称体检）资料中,选取基本人口学信息、身高和体质量资料完整,月龄≥84个月（7岁）且<216个月（18岁）的中小学生作为研究对象,共95 360名（其中男生49 926名、女生45 434名）。采用广义可加模型拟合上海市闵行区中小学生BMI百分位数曲线;并以2010年全国第六次人口普查中7~18岁人口作为标准人口,计算其标准化超重率、肥胖率、超重肥胖合计率。将上海市闵行区中小学生BMI百分位数曲线及计算出的标准化超重率、肥胖率、超重肥胖合计率分别与“2005年九城数据”BMI百分位数曲线（源自教育部组织实施的“2005年中国学生体质与健康调查研究”中来自北京、哈尔滨、西安、上海、南京、武汉、广州、福州、昆明9个城市数据拟合的BMI百分位数曲线）、“2014年中国汉族城市男、女生数据”（源自教育部组织实施的“2014年中国学生体质与健康调研报告”中7~18岁汉族城市样本数据）进行比较。结果　上海市闵行区男、女生BMI百分位数曲线均呈现随年龄增长不断上升的趋势,相同百分位数男生曲线BMI均比女生曲线BMI高,且男女生之间没有交叉。与“2005年九城数据”拟合的BMI百分位数曲线相比,不同性别的上海市闵行区中小学生BMI随年龄上升趋势相同,但在相同年龄时上海市闵行区中小学生BMI均高于“2005年九城数据”。上海市闵行区男生标准化超重率、肥胖率、超重肥胖合计率分别为15.9%、20.6%、36.5%,女生为7.8%、12.8%、20.6%,均高于2014年全国汉族城市男、女生数据标准化水平。小学阶段（7~11岁）：公办学校和Ⅰ类民办学校男生标准化超重肥胖合计率高于Ⅱ类民办学校（χ2值分别为124.36、39.88,P值均<0.001）,公办学校女生超重肥胖合计率高于Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类民办学校（χ2值分别为12.87、43.78,P值均<0.05）。中学阶段（12~18岁）：Ⅰ类民办学校男生标准化超重肥胖合计率高于公办学校（χ2=15.08,P<0.05）,公办学校和Ⅰ类民办学校女生超重肥胖合计率比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.91,P=0.17）。结论　上海市闵行区中小学群体中,男、女生BMI百分位数曲线均呈现随年龄增长不断上升的趋势,相同百分位数男生曲线BMI均较女生曲线BMI高;男生超重率和肥胖率较明显,建议卫生部门和教育部门联合采取社区-学校-家庭联动干预措施,为降低成年期慢性病患病率打好前期基础。     

广州市海珠区10～14岁小学生肥胖现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解小学生肥胖现状及影响因素。方法 在海珠区随机抽取3所小学，对1100名学生进行体格检查，并对调查对象发放有关肥胖影响因素的调查问卷。结果 本次调查肥胖检出率为5．82％，其中男生533人，肥胖检出率为6．57％；女生567人，肥胖检出率为5．11％，男女间肥胖检出率差异无统计学意义；各年龄组肥胖检出率差异有统计学意义，其中11岁组的肥胖检出率最高；对相关影响因素进行logistic回归分析，进食速度OR=1．615，家长肥胖OR=1．808。结论 不良的生活方式与肥胖的发生密切相关，进食速度、家长肥胖是肥胖的危险因素。     

927名不同民族儿童智商调查分析

目的：了解新疆农牧区不同民族学龄儿童的智商(IQ)发育情况。方法：用绘人测验法对农牧区的汉、维吾尔、哈萨克、回族等共927名儿童的智商进行了筛查，并对结果进行统计学分析。结果：各民族儿童之间的智商有性别差异和族别差异。各民族儿童的智商与学习成绩有关。结论：新疆农牧区儿童智商偏底，需要加强教育，尤其是学前教育．     

新疆不同民族高血压现况的流行病学调查

目的 了解新疆不同民族高血压的患病率及流行病学现状,为进一步控制高血压病奠定基础.方法 2007年10月至2010年3月应用四阶段整群随机抽样法,在全新疆抽取乌鲁木齐市、克拉玛依市、阜康市、吐鲁番地区、和田地区、阿勒泰地区、伊犁哈萨克自治州等7个地区,抽取年龄在35岁以上样本,进行以心血管疾病为主要内容的流行病学调查,分析高血压的患病率及流行情况.结果 调查人数为15 061人,有高血压的为5701例.总患病率标准化后为36.21%,男性为3 8.70%,女性为34.22%,男性显著高于女性(χ2=20.01,P＜0.01).汉族高血压患病率为33.42%,维吾尔族为28.50%,哈萨克族为48.69%,哈萨克族高血压患病率高于维吾尔族和汉族(χ2=29.36,P＜0.01).不同民族高血压患病风险不同,以汉族人群为参照(OR=1),哈萨克族高血压患病风险增加1.56倍(OR=2.56,95% CI:2.28～2.88).年龄、饮酒、肥胖、糖尿病、高脂血症为汉族高血压的危险因素,性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、体力活动量、肥胖、高脂血症为维吾尔族高血压的危险因素,哈萨克族高血压危险因素为年龄、体力活动量、肥胖、高脂血症.结论 新疆高血压的患病率比较高,随年龄增加呈增多趋势,且存在民族差异.     

重庆市城区3～18岁儿童青少年肥胖症及相关疾病的流行病学调查

目的为掌握重庆市儿童青少年超重肥胖的发病情况,并对心血管疾病相关的高危指标进行观察。方法对重庆市城区23293名3~18岁儿童青少年进行了流行病学调查。测量指标包括身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压。结果(1)总体检出超重12.44%,肥胖为3.72%,其中男孩分别为14.38%、4.99%,女孩为10.37%、2.35%。(2)肥胖组及超重组男女儿童的收缩压及舒张压高于90百分位及95百分位者均多于正常体重组,χ2值分别为404.535、618.486,115.912、131.641,P值均<0.005。(3)腰-臀围比值肥胖男孩中有10.89%腰-臀围比值>1.0,肥胖女孩中有75.00%腰-臀围比值>0.85。结论重庆市城区儿童青少年超重检出率为12.44%,肥胖检出率为3.72%。肥胖儿童中的血压升高者明显的多于同年龄同性别正常体重儿童。女孩中心性肥胖高于男孩。     

Overweight and obesity from childhood to adulthood: a follow-up of participants in the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey

OBJECTIVE: To examine overweight and obesity in Australian children followed through to adulthood. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: A cohort study of 8498 children aged 7-15 years who participated in the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey; of these, 2208 men and 2363 women completed a follow-up questionnaire at age 24-34 years in 2001-2005. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Height and weight were measured in 1985, and self-reported at follow-up. The accuracy of self-reported data was checked in 1185 participants. Overweight and obesity in childhood were defined according to international standard definitions for body mass index (BMI), and, in adulthood, as a BMI of 25-29.9 and > or =30 kg/m2, respectively, after correcting for self-report error. RESULTS: In those with baseline and follow-up data, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood was 8.3% and 1.5% in boys and 9.7% and 1.4% in girls, respectively. At follow-up, the prevalence was 40.1% and 13.0% in men and 19.7% and 11.7% in women. The relative risk (RR) of becoming an obese adult was significantly greater for those who had been obese as children compared with those who had been a healthy weight (RR = 4.7; 95% CI, 3.0-7.2 for boys and RR = 9.2; 95% CI, 6.9-12.3 for girls). The proportion of adult obesity attributable to childhood obesity was 6.4% in males and 12.6% in females. CONCLUSION: Obesity in childhood was strongly predictive of obesity in early adulthood, but most obese young adults were a healthy weight as children.     

Report on Childhood Obesity in China （4） Prevalence and Trends of Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Urban School-age Children and Adolescents, 1985-2000

Objective To describe the nationwide prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity, and their group variations and trends over the past 20 years in the Chinese urban population. Methods Data sets of boys and girls at the age of 7-18 years collected from the series of Chinese national surveillance on students' constitution and health (CNSSCH) between 1985 and 2000 were divided into five socioeconomic and demographic groups, while BMI classification reference proposed by Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC) was used as screening reference to calculate the prevalence and trends of overweight/obesity in these groups. Results In 2000, the prevalence of obesity and overweight in boys aged 7-18 years was 11.3% and 6.5% in Beijing, 13.2% and 4.9% in Shanghai, 9.9% and 4.5% in coastal big cities, and 5.8% and 2.0% in coastal medium/small-sized cities, respectively, while the prevalence of of obesity and overweight in girls of the same age group was 8.2% and 3.7% in Beijing, 7.3% and 2.6% in Shanghai, 5.9% and 2.8% in coastal big cities, and 4.8% and 1.7% in coastal medium/small-sized cities, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was low in most of the inland cities at an early stage of epidemic overweight. The epidemic manifested a gradient distribution in groups, which was closely related to socioeconomic status (SES) of the study population. However, a dramatic and steady increasing trend was witnessed among all sex-age subgroups in the five urban groups, and such a trend was stronger in boys than in girls, and much stronger in children than in adolescents. Conclusion Although China is at an early stage of epidemic obesity by and large, the prevalence of obesity in her urban population, particularly in coastal big cities has reached the average level of developed countries. The increasing trend has been rapid since early 1990s, and the increments in obesity and overweight are exceptionally high. The prospect of epidemic obesity in China is in no way optimistic. Therefore, preventive program should be focused on the improvement of the balance between caloric intake and energy expenditure, and interventions aimed at changing children's life styles.     

Report on childhood obesity in China (7). Comparison of NCHS and WGOC

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC) reference in screening childhood obesity using obesity-related metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components as disease risk evidence. METHODS: A total of 2020 adolescents (1007 boys and 1013 girls) aged 14-16 years were sampled in Beijing, China. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements, as well as blood pressure parameters were available. Prevalence of overweight/obesity and related MS risk factors were analyzed across different body mass index (BMI) categories. The sensitivity and specificity of the WGOC cut-offs were compared with those of National Central Health Statistics (NCHS). RESULTS: Significantly high prevalence of MS and its components were found both in the obesity and overweight groups, which were classified by the WGOC and NCHS references. Similar distribution pattern of MS risk factors existed among different BMI categories, but the frequency and clustering of these factors in the obesity group classified by the NCHS were much higher. Owing to its irrelevant high cut-offs for overweight/obesity (especially for girls since the mid- adolescence), the NCHS reference had a high specificity but a low sensitivity. By contrast, the WGOC reference with a high sensitivity (90.1% for boys and 89.2% for girls) and a relative high specificity (96.4% and 92.8% for obese boys and girls, 78.1% and 68.9% for overweight boys and girls respectively) was more suitable to support the need for early screening, intervention, and treatment of childhood obesity in China. CONCLUSION: High sensitivity is more important than specificity in choosing appropriate screening tools for childhood obesity. Validity test demonstrates that it is rational to use the WGOC reference, established on the basis of the Chinese own reference population as a uniform screening tool for childhood obesity, which can effectively overcome the unnecessary treatment and psychosocial implications of stigmatization caused by misclassification.     

Overweight and obesity status among adolescents from Mexico and Egypt

BACKGROUND: Obesity is on the rise among adults, adolescents and children worldwide, including populations living in developing countries. This study aimed to describe body mass index of adolescents from Mexico and Egypt and to evaluate non-nutritional correlates from two cohort studies. METHODS: Questionnaire data and weight and height measurements were collected in two large baseline studies in adolescents between 11 and 19 years old attending public school during the 1998-1999 school year in Mexico (n = 10,537) and the 1997 school year in Egypt (n = 1,502). The authors compared body mass index and correlates stratified by sex and country through multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 19.8 and 7.9%, respectively, among the Mexican adolescents and 12.1 and 6.2%, respectively, among the Egyptian adolescents. Based on U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition growth charts, for Mexico 18% of boys and 21% of girls were overweight and 11% of boys and 9% of girls were obese. In the Egyptian sample, 7% of boys and 18% of girls were overweight and 6% of boys and 8% of girls were obese. The most consistent correlates of body mass index in the Mexican population were age, years of education, smoking, vitamin intake and participating in sports, whereas the factors correlated among Egyptian adolescents were age and rural residence. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and overweight are becoming a problem among Mexican and Egyptian youth. Information about the risk factors associated with excessive weight gain during the adolescent period is a first step towards proposing prevention strategies.     

乌鲁木齐某社区维吾尔、汉族血清维生素D水平与肥胖的关系

目的 探讨乌鲁木齐某社区维吾尔族（维）、汉族血清维生素D水平与肥胖的相关性。方法 2013年5月采用横断面方法随机抽取乌鲁木齐某社区1546例常住居民,维族726例（男/女=196/530,平均年龄43.63±12.90岁）、汉族820例（男/女=279/541,平均年龄44.19±12.88岁）。测定血清25-羟维生素D[25（OH） D]水平,测量身高、体重、颈围（NC）、臀围、腰围（WC）,并计算腰臀比（WHR）、腰围身高比（WHtR）和体重指数（BMI）。结果 维族血清25（OH） D水平（12.82±7.15ng/ml）明显低于汉族（18.99±8.00ng/ml,P<0.05）,两民族间维生素D缺乏（维86.0%、汉61.1%）、不足（维10.5%、汉29.6%）、充足（维3.6%、汉9.3%）的检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义,两民族间正常体重（维25.1%、汉42.2%）、肥胖（维41.2%、汉19.1%）的检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义。该研究人群中,血清25（OH） D水平与臀围、WC、WHtR、BMI呈负相关（P均<0.05）;在18~44岁维族女性人群中,血清25（OH） D水平与臀围、WC、WHtR呈负相关（P均<0.05）;在45~60岁维族男性人群中,血清25（OH） D水平与臀围呈负相关（P=0.004）;在各年龄段汉族人群及≥60岁维族人群中血清25（OH） D水平与肥胖指标均无相关性（P均>0.05）。结论 乌鲁木齐某社区维、汉族均存在普遍的维生素D缺乏及明显的超重肥胖现象,血清25（OH） D水平与多个肥胖指标呈负相关,尤其在维族青年女性人群中明显,提示维生素D缺乏可能与肥胖相关。