经口寰枢椎复位内固定钢板-Ⅲ系统在复杂寰枢椎脱位中的应用

目的 评估经口寰枢椎复位内固定钢板(transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate,TARP)-Ⅲ系统设计的生物力学特点及其临床应用疗效.方法 在TARP-Ⅱ的基础上设计改良TARP-Ⅲ:将钢板的枢椎螺孔向上向内各移1～2 mm,使固定的枢椎椎体钉改成椎弓根钉固定或关节突钉固定;将钢板的螺孔增设一个可万向活动的自锁环和万向导钻;进行枢椎三种螺钉固定的抗拔出力试验;并将TARP-Ⅲ应用于44例复杂难复性寰枢椎脱位患者.枢椎采用经口椎弓根固定或关节突固定.结果 (1)枢椎三种螺钉固定的最大拔出力分别为:枢椎前路椎弓根螺钉(593.1±97.8)N、枢椎关节突螺钉(469.9±73.3)N和枢椎椎体螺钉(395.2±75.1)N.结果 显示,三种固定方式的最大拔出力进行两两比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)临床应用44例,获得5～38个月随访,平均18个月,观察寰枢复位、寰枢节段椎管减压,神经功能恢复及并发症的情况.本组有36例达解剖复位,8例接近解剖复位,脑干脊髓角基本纠正,颈髓均得到充分减压.按尹氏颈髓受压减压效果评估方法 评估,颈髓减压改善率平均88.2%.脊髓功能按日本骨科学会(JOA)评分,脊髓功能平均改善率达76.6%.结论 TARP-Ⅲ及其枢椎椎弓根钉或关节突钉固定的生物力学等性能明显优于TARP-Ⅱ的枢椎椎体钉固定,加之钢板螺钉和螺钉的万向自锁机制的设计使之更加完善,经临床应用疗效显著.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the biomechanical characteristics and the clinical advantage of transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate(TARP)Ⅲ.Methods Design of TARP-Ⅲ was based on TARP-Ⅱ.The screw hole in the axis was moved 1-2 mm upwards and inwards in a plate which turned a vertebral screw into a pedicle screw or an articular process screw.A polyaxial self-lock ring and polyaxial guiding drill were added to the crew hole of the plate.Finally,the withdrawal resist ence force of the three axis screws was tested and TARP-Ⅲ was used in 44 patients with complicated irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation.The axis was fixed with the pedicle screw or the articular process screw.Results The maximum withdrawal resist ence force of the anterior pedicle screw,the articular process screw and the vertebral screw in the axis was(593.1 ± 97.8)N,(469.9 ± 73.3)N and(395.2 ± 75.1)N respectively,with statistical difference between groups among three fixation methods(P ＜ 0.05).All 44 patients were followed up for 5-38 months(average 18 months),which showed complete anatomic reduction in 36 patients and appropriate anatomic reduction in eight,with basic correction of the angles between the brain stem and the spinal cord and sufficient decompression of the spinal cord.The decompression rate of the cervical spinal cord was average 88.2% according to the Yin evaluating method of cervical cord decompression.The improvement rate of spinal cord function was average 76.6% according to Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score.Conclusion With the design of polyaxial self-lock mechanism,TARP-Ⅲ with the pedicle screw or the articular process screw surpasses TARP-Ⅱ with vertebral screw in aspect of biomechanics.     

寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉技术治疗陈旧性齿状突骨折并寰枢椎失稳

目的 探讨后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉技术治疗陈旧性齿状突骨折并寰枢椎失稳的疗效.方法 2005年1月-2010年1月,对48例陈旧性齿状突骨折并寰枢椎失稳患者行后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉复位固定,其中男30例,女18例;年龄19～56岁,平均45.1岁.本组术前均行颅骨牵引.结果 本组48例患者共置入寰椎和枢椎椎弓根螺钉各96枚,寰枢椎复位满意,术中无脊髓损伤.术中出血250～900 ml,平均370 ml,手术时间110～280 min,平均155 min.术中3例出现椎动脉损伤,3例出现寰椎后弓下壁破裂.术后均获随访9～64个月,平均46.6个月.所有患者均在术后6个月获得骨性融合,未发现螺钉松动、移位、螺钉断裂和寰枢椎再移位、失稳现象.日本骨科学会(JOA)评分由术前的(7.1±2.8)分改善至术后的(13.3±2.1)分(P＜0.05).结论 寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定技术具有良好的复位效果,为寰枢椎不稳患者治疗提供了一种较好的内固定术式.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the clinical effect of the trans-atlantoaxial pedicle screw-rod internal fixation and fusion in treatment of old odontoid fracture combined with atlantoaxial instability.Methods The study involved 48 patients with old odontoid fractures combined with atlantoaxial instability treated with trans-atlantoaxial pedicle screw-rod internal fixation and fusion from January 2005 to January 2010.There were 30 males and 18 females,at average age of 45.1 years old(19-56 years).All the patients underwent the skull traction preoperatively.Results A total of 192 pedicle screws(96 screws for the atlas and another 96 for the axis)were implanted in all the 48 patients who obtained satisfactory atlantoaxial reduction,with no spinal cord injuries.The operation lasted for average 155 min,with blood loss for average 370 ml.There were three patients with vertebral artery injury and three with inferior posterior arch fracture of the atlas during operation.All the patients were followed up for average of 46.6 months(range,9-64 months),which showed bone fusion at 6 months after operation,with no loosening,displacement,instability or breakage of the screws.The JOA score was improved from preoperative 7.1 ±2.8 to postoperative 13.3 ± 2.1(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Atlantoaxial pedicle screw fixation is a reliable and effective method for the treatment of the atlantoaxial instability.     

"徒手法"个体化颈椎椎弓根螺钉技术治疗上颈椎骨折脱位

目的 探讨应用颈椎椎弓根钉治疗上颈椎骨折及脱位的临床效果.方法 2006年9月-2009年1月,应用颈椎椎弓根钉治疗的上颈椎骨折或脱位的患者15例.其中男11例,女4例;年龄18～60岁,平均41.2岁.寰椎骨折脱位5例,枢椎骨折脱位3例,齿状突陈旧骨折不愈合1例,C2,3骨折脱位2例,无骨折寰枢椎失稳4例.临床主要症状为颈部疼痛或伴有四肢麻木无力、步态不稳.患者术前均行Halo架牵引试行复位.所有患者均采用颈椎椎弓根钉固定并植骨融合,根据术前X线片及CT个体化确定入钉点及置钉角度,徒手法钻出骨性通道,选用22～26 mm长的Vertex或Summit钛金属螺钉固定,并行后路椎板间自体或同种异体骨植骨融合.术后1～2 d佩戴颈托离床活动.结果 本组15例共置入颈椎椎弓根螺钉64枚,均未发生椎动脉和脊髓损伤,无脑脊液漏.术后行X线正、侧位片和CT检查证实损伤节段复位满意、螺钉位置良好.术后疼痛症状基本消失,神经症状较术前有不同程度的改善.14例患者获得随访,时间12～36个月,患者颈椎序列良好,均获得骨性融合,未发生螺钉及钛棒的松动、脱出及折断.神经损伤症状较术前明显改善.结论 颈椎椎弓根钉是颈椎后路手术中坚强的固定方法,只要掌握手术操作技巧,严格个体化置钉,颈椎椎弓根钉具有固定可靠、术后并发症少、融合率高等优势,具有良好的临床疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of the free-hand cervical pedicle screw fixation in treatment of the upper cervical fracture and instability.Methods A retrospective review was performed on 15 patients with upper cervical fracture and instability treated with cervical pedicle screw fixation and fusion from September 2006 to January 2009.There were 11 males and 4 females,at average age of 41.2 years(range,18-60 years).Of all,there were five patients with atlas fracture and dislocation(including three simple anterior arch fractures and two Jefferson fractures),three with axis fracture and dislocation,one with dens fractures plus nonunion,two with C2,3 fracture and dislocation and four with atlantoaxial instability without fracture.The main clinical complaints included local neck pain and/or tetraplegia.Halo traction was recommended to restore the cervical sequence preoperatively in all patients.All 15 patients were treated by cervical pedicle screw-rods internal fixation and bone graft fusion.During the operation,the point and angle of the implanted pedicle screws were determined by preoperative X-ray and CT scan and the bony channel drilled with free-hand before implantation of the Summit or Vertex pedicle screws(22-26 mm long)and posterior interlaminar autologous or allogeneic bone fusion.Patients could get out of bed with neck collar at days 1-2 after operation.Results A total of 64 cervical pedicle screws were implanted in all 15 patients,with no vertebral artery injury,spinal cord injury or cerebrospinal fluid leakage.Postoperative X-ray and CT scan confirmed satisfactory internal fixation.The clinical symptoms were improved significantly.Fourteen patients were followed up for 12-36 months,which showed bony fusion,with no looseness or breakage of the screws.Neurologic impairment was improved in all patients,with no complications associated with the cervical pedicle screw.Conclusions Cervical pedicle screw internal fixation can reestablish the upper cervical vertebrae stability and help to recover the spinal cord and nerve function and hence is a reliable method for upper cervical fracture and/or instability.     

寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗牵引复位不稳定型寰枢椎脱位

目的 探讨寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒系统内固定手术治疗牵引复位不稳定型寰枢椎脱位的手术技巧及临床疗效.方法 选择2005年3月-2009年9月收治的寰枢椎脱位患者32例(TOI分型为T2型).其中齿状突骨折19例,新鲜性17例,陈旧性2例;横韧带断裂5例;先天性齿状突发育异常8例.术前日本骨科学会(JOA)评分5～13分,平均8.38分;骨髓有效空间(space available for the cord,SAC)平均9.15 mm.32例患者经颅骨牵引复位后,经颈后路行寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒系统内固定术.结果 32例患者经颅骨牵引后复位,共置入螺钉128枚,手术时间平均1.5 h,出血量平均300 ml,未发生椎动脉及脊髓损伤.全部患者获随访,时间12～24个月,临床症状获得不同程度改善.术后SAC平均14.86 mm;术后1年JOA评分10～17分,平均14.56分,评分改善率为71.70%.X线、螺旋CT复查螺钉位置良好,无钉棒断裂、变形、松动或寰枢椎再次脱位现象.寰枢椎后方植骨于术后3～6个月获骨性融合,1例未植骨,术后1年取出内固定,寰枢关节旋转功能正常.结论 寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒系统内固定技术为寰枢椎提供坚强的三维固定,可直视下置钉,术中复位、融合率高,安全有效,是牵引复位不稳定型寰枢椎脱位的理想治疗方法.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the technique and clinical outcome of the atlantoaxial pedicle screw system in the treatment of the unstable atlantoaxial dislocation post traction.Methods The study involved 32 patients with atlantoaxial dislocation(type T2 of TOI classification)admitted from March 2005 to September 2009.There were 17 patients with fresh odontoid fracture and two with old odontoid fracture,five with traumatic disruption of the transverse atlantal ligament and eight with congenital odontoid dysplasia.JOA scores of neurological function before operation was at a range of 5-13(average 8.38).The average of space available for the cord(SAC)was 9.15 mm.Before the atlantoaxial pedicle screw system was carried out,the skull traction was performed in all the patients preoperatively.Results A total of 128 pedicle screws were inserted safely,with mean operation time and perioperative blood loss for 1.5 hours and 300 ml,respectively.No injury to the vertebral artery or spinal cord was observed.All the patients were followed up for 12-24 months,which showed that JOA scores one year after operation was increased to 10-17(average 14.56),with the improvement rate of 71.70%,and that the SAC was average 14.86 mm.The X-ray and SCT scans verified the proper position of the screws,with no internal fixation failure or atlantoaxial redislocation.After 3-6 months,all the patients except for one patient achieved a solid bone fusion.One year after operation,the one patient with no bone graft fusion was removed of the internal fixation system and obtained satisfactory restoration of the rotational function.Conclusions Atlantoaxial pedicle screw system is an effective method for the treatment of the unstable atlantoaxial dislocation post traction,for it has the advantages of stable three-dimension fixation,direct screw placement,intraoperative reduction and high fusion rate.     

椎间融合器联合椎弓根螺钉系统治疗腰椎滑脱

目的 观察椎间融合器联合椎弓根螺钉系统治疗腰椎滑脱的临床疗效.方法20例腰椎滑脱患者,10例行椎间融合器联合椎弓根螺钉系统手术治疗,10例行椎管减压椎间植骨术.结果两组患者均随访8～12个月,平均10个月,症状均明显改善,10例行椎间融合器联合椎弓根螺钉系统手术治疗,优7例,良2例,可1例.10例椎管减压椎间植骨治疗,优5例,良2例,可3例.结论椎间融合器联合椎弓根螺钉系统治疗腰椎滑脱一种安全有效的手术方式.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of interbody cages combined with pedicle screw system in treatment of spondylolisthesis. Methods Of 20 patients with spondylolisthesis, interbody cages combined with 10pedicle screw system was performed in 10 patients and spinal decompression combined with intervertebral bone grafting in another 10. Results All the patients were followed up for 8-12 months (average 10 months), which showed significant improvement in the syndrome. Of 10 patients treated with interbody cages combined with pedicle screw system, seven patients were evaluated excellent, two good and one fair. Of 10 patients treated with spinal decompression combined with intervertebral bone grafting, five patients were evaluated excellent, two good and three fair. Conclusion Interbody cages combined with pedicle screw system is an safe and effective surgery for spondylolisthesis.     

新型微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

Objective To assess the minimally invasive surgical therapeutic result of percutane-ous pedicle screw fixation using Sextant-R system in treating thoracolumbar fractures. Methods A to-tal of 36 patients with thoracolumbar fractures were divided into two groups, ie, Sextant-R pereutaneous pedicle screw fixation group (Sextant-R group, 14 patients) and open pedicle screw fixation group (open surgery group, 22 patients). A comparative study was done on surgical incision, operation duration, sur-gical blood loss and deformity correction. Results In Sextant-R group and open surgery group respec-tively, the incision size was (7.1±0. 9) cm and (16.8 ± 1.6) cm (P <0. 05), operation duration (1.1±0.7) hoursand (2.4 ±0.8) hours (P<0.05), surgical blood loss (89.3 ±12.1) ml and (325.0±123.6) ml (P < 0.01), surgical draining loss (12.6 ± 3.2) ml and (147.3 ± 36.1) ml (P < 0. 01), postoperative improvement of Cobb' s angle (4.5 ± 2.4)° and (1.0± 2.3)° (P < 0. 05), sag-ittal index (10.2 ± 10.1)° and (5.5 ± 8.6)° (P < 0.05) and anterior height of fracture vertebral body (85.0 ±7.0)% and (95.5 ±2.2)% (P <0.05). Conclusion Pereutaneous pediele screw fixation using Sextant-R system is a good minimally invasive surgical choice for patients with thoracolumbar frac-ture under strict control of surgical indications.     

新型微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

Objective To assess the minimally invasive surgical therapeutic result of percutane-ous pedicle screw fixation using Sextant-R system in treating thoracolumbar fractures. Methods A to-tal of 36 patients with thoracolumbar fractures were divided into two groups, ie, Sextant-R pereutaneous pedicle screw fixation group (Sextant-R group, 14 patients) and open pedicle screw fixation group (open surgery group, 22 patients). A comparative study was done on surgical incision, operation duration, sur-gical blood loss and deformity correction. Results In Sextant-R group and open surgery group respec-tively, the incision size was (7.1±0. 9) cm and (16.8 ± 1.6) cm (P <0. 05), operation duration (1.1±0.7) hoursand (2.4 ±0.8) hours (P<0.05), surgical blood loss (89.3 ±12.1) ml and (325.0±123.6) ml (P < 0.01), surgical draining loss (12.6 ± 3.2) ml and (147.3 ± 36.1) ml (P < 0. 01), postoperative improvement of Cobb' s angle (4.5 ± 2.4)° and (1.0± 2.3)° (P < 0. 05), sag-ittal index (10.2 ± 10.1)° and (5.5 ± 8.6)° (P < 0.05) and anterior height of fracture vertebral body (85.0 ±7.0)% and (95.5 ±2.2)% (P <0.05). Conclusion Pereutaneous pediele screw fixation using Sextant-R system is a good minimally invasive surgical choice for patients with thoracolumbar frac-ture under strict control of surgical indications.     

新型微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

Objective To assess the minimally invasive surgical therapeutic result of percutane-ous pedicle screw fixation using Sextant-R system in treating thoracolumbar fractures. Methods A to-tal of 36 patients with thoracolumbar fractures were divided into two groups, ie, Sextant-R pereutaneous pedicle screw fixation group (Sextant-R group, 14 patients) and open pedicle screw fixation group (open surgery group, 22 patients). A comparative study was done on surgical incision, operation duration, sur-gical blood loss and deformity correction. Results In Sextant-R group and open surgery group respec-tively, the incision size was (7.1±0. 9) cm and (16.8 ± 1.6) cm (P <0. 05), operation duration (1.1±0.7) hoursand (2.4 ±0.8) hours (P<0.05), surgical blood loss (89.3 ±12.1) ml and (325.0±123.6) ml (P < 0.01), surgical draining loss (12.6 ± 3.2) ml and (147.3 ± 36.1) ml (P < 0. 01), postoperative improvement of Cobb' s angle (4.5 ± 2.4)° and (1.0± 2.3)° (P < 0. 05), sag-ittal index (10.2 ± 10.1)° and (5.5 ± 8.6)° (P < 0.05) and anterior height of fracture vertebral body (85.0 ±7.0)% and (95.5 ±2.2)% (P <0.05). Conclusion Pereutaneous pediele screw fixation using Sextant-R system is a good minimally invasive surgical choice for patients with thoracolumbar frac-ture under strict control of surgical indications.     

新型微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

Objective To assess the minimally invasive surgical therapeutic result of percutane-ous pedicle screw fixation using Sextant-R system in treating thoracolumbar fractures. Methods A to-tal of 36 patients with thoracolumbar fractures were divided into two groups, ie, Sextant-R pereutaneous pedicle screw fixation group (Sextant-R group, 14 patients) and open pedicle screw fixation group (open surgery group, 22 patients). A comparative study was done on surgical incision, operation duration, sur-gical blood loss and deformity correction. Results In Sextant-R group and open surgery group respec-tively, the incision size was (7.1±0. 9) cm and (16.8 ± 1.6) cm (P <0. 05), operation duration (1.1±0.7) hoursand (2.4 ±0.8) hours (P<0.05), surgical blood loss (89.3 ±12.1) ml and (325.0±123.6) ml (P < 0.01), surgical draining loss (12.6 ± 3.2) ml and (147.3 ± 36.1) ml (P < 0. 01), postoperative improvement of Cobb' s angle (4.5 ± 2.4)° and (1.0± 2.3)° (P < 0. 05), sag-ittal index (10.2 ± 10.1)° and (5.5 ± 8.6)° (P < 0.05) and anterior height of fracture vertebral body (85.0 ±7.0)% and (95.5 ±2.2)% (P <0.05). Conclusion Pereutaneous pediele screw fixation using Sextant-R system is a good minimally invasive surgical choice for patients with thoracolumbar frac-ture under strict control of surgical indications.     

新型微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

Objective To assess the minimally invasive surgical therapeutic result of percutane-ous pedicle screw fixation using Sextant-R system in treating thoracolumbar fractures. Methods A to-tal of 36 patients with thoracolumbar fractures were divided into two groups, ie, Sextant-R pereutaneous pedicle screw fixation group (Sextant-R group, 14 patients) and open pedicle screw fixation group (open surgery group, 22 patients). A comparative study was done on surgical incision, operation duration, sur-gical blood loss and deformity correction. Results In Sextant-R group and open surgery group respec-tively, the incision size was (7.1±0. 9) cm and (16.8 ± 1.6) cm (P <0. 05), operation duration (1.1±0.7) hoursand (2.4 ±0.8) hours (P<0.05), surgical blood loss (89.3 ±12.1) ml and (325.0±123.6) ml (P < 0.01), surgical draining loss (12.6 ± 3.2) ml and (147.3 ± 36.1) ml (P < 0. 01), postoperative improvement of Cobb' s angle (4.5 ± 2.4)° and (1.0± 2.3)° (P < 0. 05), sag-ittal index (10.2 ± 10.1)° and (5.5 ± 8.6)° (P < 0.05) and anterior height of fracture vertebral body (85.0 ±7.0)% and (95.5 ±2.2)% (P <0.05). Conclusion Pereutaneous pediele screw fixation using Sextant-R system is a good minimally invasive surgical choice for patients with thoracolumbar frac-ture under strict control of surgical indications.     

椎弓根外穿刺撬拨复位椎弓根钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨经椎弓根外穿刺撬拨复位椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰骨折的可行性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2012年2月—2015年3月深圳平乐骨伤科医院收治的64例胸腰椎骨折患者,观察组和对照组各32例,观察组采用经椎弓根外穿刺撬拨复位、植骨、椎弓根钉内固定治疗,对照组采用椎弓根钉棒撑开复位固定、经伤椎椎弓根穿刺植骨治疗。记录手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间;测量术前、术后伤椎体前、后缘高度比和后凸Cobb角;同时对两组患者进行手术前、后VAS评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数评分。结果观察组与对照组相比较,术前VAS评分[(6.782±1.821)%vs.(6.827±1.762)%]、术前伤椎体前缘高度百分比[(57.658±23.645)%vs.(58.162±24.852)%]、术前伤椎体后缘高度百分比[(88.645±8.624)%vs.(87.927±7.848)%]、术前后凸Cobb角[(28.665±4.824)°vs.(29.134±5.508)°]、手术时间[(135.675±23.318)min vs.(130.731±21.761)min]、术中出血量[(456.214±63.525)m L vs.(461.532±60.753)m L]、术后引流量[(43.847±16.358)m L vs.(42.971±15.523)m L]、住院时间[(10.878±2.148)d vs.(11.323±2.512)d]、术后末次随访VAS评分(0.184±0.263 vs.0.195±0.325)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(2.463±0.652 vs.2.624±0.765),差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组与对照组相比较,术后末次随访伤椎体前缘高度百分比(98.083±1.635)%vs.(93.157±2.019)%、后缘高度百分比[(98.504±2.572)%vs.(96.248±4.824)%]和后凸Cobb角[(3.623±2.563)°vs.(7.626±3.613)°],差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经椎弓根外穿刺撬拨复位椎弓根螺钉固定治疗Denis B型、D型胸腰椎体压缩骨折、B型椎体爆裂骨折,可较好恢复椎体前、后缘高度,矫正后凸Cobb角。     

经伤椎与不经伤椎椎弓根螺钉复位固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床对比研究

目的 比较经伤椎与不经伤椎椎弓根螺钉复位固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果.方法 回顾性研究2006年3月-2008年2月收治的胸腰椎单一椎体骨折患者27例,其中12例采用骨折椎加用椎弓根螺钉固定(A组),15例采用传统双平面固定(B组).A组男9例,女3例,平均年龄43岁(25～56岁);B组男10例,女5例,平均年龄42岁(23～61岁).所有患者均为新鲜骨折并且骨折椎一侧或双侧椎弓根完整.所有患者均于麻醉状态下行体位复位,B组行后路常规伤椎上下椎体椎弓根螺钉置入复位固定;A组在B组方法 基础上加用伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入复位固定.观测患者后凸畸形(Cobb角)及伤椎高度恢复情况. 结果 术后随访5～22个月,平均9个月.经伤椎椎弓根螺钉使骨折椎向腹侧移动复位,术后Cobb角及前柱高度恢复较佳.手术前后骨折椎前移复位程度的变化:A组为0.089±0.036,B组为0.023±0.048(P<0.001);两组Cobb角的变化:A组为(9.88±7.69)°,B组为(5.19±3.24)°(P<0.05);伤椎前柱高度的变化:A组为(39.3±5.2)%,B组为(20.6±6.5)%(P<0.05).骨折椎加用椎弓根螺钉在前柱撑开的同时可有效控制正常椎间盘高度的撑开. 结论对胸腰椎单一椎体骨折有条件地应用伤椎椎弓根螺钉有利于矫正后凸畸形和恢复伤椎前缘高度,并且增强胸腰椎骨折后路短节段内固定系统的牢固性和维持矫正效果.     

经伤椎椎弓根植骨结合椎弓根钉对严重胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者神经功能的影响

目的探讨经伤椎椎弓根植骨结合椎弓根钉对严重胸腰椎爆裂骨折(STBF)患者神经功能的影响。方法 2013年12月—2016年12月河南省濮阳市人民医院收治STBF患者100例,分为跨伤椎组和经伤椎组,每组50例。跨伤椎组给予跨伤椎椎弓根植骨结合椎弓根钉治疗,经伤椎组给予经伤椎椎弓根植骨结合椎弓根钉治疗。统计分析所有患者术前术后椎体前缘高度、后凸Cobb角、受压面积、神经功能、并发症情况。结果经伤椎组术后椎体前缘高度(52.57±5.51)mm、神经功能优良率(88%)明显高于跨伤椎组[(45.29±5.32)mm,64%];经伤椎组术后后凸Cobb角(9.82±1.37)°、受压面积(21.52±2.24)mm~2明显低于跨伤椎组[(6.65±1.18)°,(17.81±2.01)mm~2],差异有统计学意义(P0.05);跨伤椎组和经伤椎组并发症发生率基本相同,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与跨伤椎比较,经伤椎椎弓根植骨结合椎弓根钉治疗可有效改善STBF患者伤椎骨质高度和受压状态,有利于提高患者神经功能的恢复效果,且具有良好的安全性,值得临床进一步推广。     

脊柱前路内固定器系统与脊柱后路椎弓根钉棒系统治疗腰椎爆裂性骨折的疗效比较

目的研究对比脊柱前路内固定器系统内固定及脊柱后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗腰椎爆裂性骨折的效果差异。方法笔者选取2012年2月~2013年12月采用前路内固定器系统内固定治疗的33例腰椎爆裂性骨折患者(前路组)、后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗的54例患者(后路组)进行回顾性分析,对比两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、Cobb角丢失、日本矫形外科协会(JOA)评分、椎体前缘高度比值以及美国脊柱损伤协会(ASIA)分级等指标的差异。结果前路组的手术时间[(178.8±55.2)min]、术中出血量[(750.9±85.2)m L]均显著高于后路组的手术时间[(149.3±38.6)min]、术中出血量[(414.3±67.8)m L],且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1年后路组的Cobb角(9.6±2.4)°、Cobb角丢失(6.1±1.9)°均显著大于前路组患者的(4.5±1.9)°、(0.8±0.3)°(P0.05)。术前、术后两组患者的JOA评分组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),术后1年两组患者的JOA评分较术前均显著提高且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后1年两组患者的椎体前缘高度比值较术前均显著提高(P0.05);两组间术后的ASIA分级差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论两种方法治疗腰椎爆裂性骨折的效果均较好,前路组的缺点是手术创伤大,后路组的缺点是术后Cobb角矫正丢失度大,因此应该根据患者的手术耐受力等因素进行个体化考虑。     

新型微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的 评价新型微创经皮椎弓根螺钉(Sextant-R)内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果.方法选择36例胸腰椎骨折患者分为Sextant-R组(14例)和开放手术组(22例),对比分析手术切口、手术时间、出血量以及后凸畸形矫正率等.结果 Sextant-R组手术切口长度(7.1±0.9)cm,手术时间(1.1±0.7)h,出血量(89.3±12.1)ml,术后引流量(12.6 ±3.2)ml,术后平均Cobb角(4.5±2.4)°,术后椎体矢状而指数(10.2±10.1)°,术后伤椎椎体前缘高度(85.0±7.0)%.开放手术组手术切口长度(16.8±1.6)cm,手术时间(2.4±0.8)h,出血量(325.0±123.6)ml,术后引流量(147.3±36.1)ml,术后Cobb角(1.0±2.3)°,术后椎体矢状面指数(5.5±8.6)°,术后伤椎椎体前缘高度(95.5±2.2)%.结论 在严格掌握手术适应证的前提下,Sextant-R内固定是治疗胸腰椎骨折的较好选择.     

经伤椎椎弓根固定不植骨治疗不稳定型胸腰椎骨折

目的：探讨经伤椎椎弓根复位固定不植骨融合治疗无神经损伤的不稳定型胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年7月～2011年6月间收治的44例无神经损伤的不稳定型胸腰椎骨折,男性28例,女性16例;年龄22～57岁,平均36.8岁。采用急诊全麻下先行双踝悬吊法手法复位,再经后正中入路经伤椎短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定（6钉2棒1横联）,术中不需要植骨融合。术后6周内卧床功能锻炼,3个月内戴支具下床活动,术后10～12个月拆除内固定装置。观察手术时间、出血量、并发症情况、Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度比值及视觉模拟评分（ VAS）。结果44例术后获得10～16个月（平均12.4个月）随访。手术时间50～105min,平均70min;术中出血量为100～400mL,平均200mL;术中及术后均未出现神经损伤、伤口感染等并发症; Cobb角术前26.3°±4.7°,术后4.3°±1.4°,拆除内固定时5.2°±1.2°;椎体前缘高度比值术前43.3％±14.7％,术后97.3％±4.4％,拆除内固定时96.3％±3.4％; VAS疼痛评分术前7.6±0.5,拆除内固定时1.2±0.4。所有患者均无内固定物松动断裂。结论经伤椎椎弓根复位固定不植骨融合治疗无神经损伤的不稳定型胸腰椎骨折,手术创伤小,固定牢固,能够很好地矫正后凸畸形,恢复并维持伤椎高度;伤椎愈合后即可恢复脊柱的稳定性无需植骨融合,及时拆除内固定物可以避免其松动断裂。     

腰椎多节段椎弓根及椎体骨折伴腰椎滑脱的治疗

目的 评价多节段腰椎椎弓椎体骨折伴滑脱经伤椎椎弓根固定复位和前路钉棒固定后的神经功能与影像学结果.方法 选择2002年1月-2007年12月我科收治的腰椎多节段椎弓根椎体骨折脱位患者12例.采用后路经伤椎椎弓根螺钉和前路钉棒固定手术给予复位固定.结果 所有患者随访24～30个月(平均26个月).所有12例患者均有不完全神经损伤,术后至少改进了一个Frankel分级.经伤椎椎弓根骨折处的螺钉固定获得较好的复位.随访期间没有发现螺钉断裂. 结论不稳定腰椎多节段椎弓根椎体骨折伴神经损伤可以通过后路有选择性的经骨折椎弓根螺钉固定及前路钉棒系统固定来获得良好的复位和维持.     

组合枢椎椎板螺钉固定技术治疗颈椎损伤的临床研究

目的 探讨组合枢椎椎板螺钉固定技术治疗颈椎损伤的可行性和应用价值.方法 对32具颈椎标本行枢椎椎板轴向CT加密扫描,测量枢椎椎板的长度、高度,枢椎椎板上、中、下部的厚度,椎板轴线与欠状面的夹角.8例颈椎损伤患者中,Anderson Ⅱ型齿状突骨折伴寰枢关节向后脱位2例、向前脱位1例、齿状突骨不愈合1例,Ⅲ型齿状突骨折伴寰枢关节不稳、横韧带撕裂2例,Ⅱ型Hangman骨折伴C<,2～3>不稳1例,寰枢关节前脱位伴横韧带断裂1例.牵引复位后,根据患者病情组合枢椎椎板螺钉进行组合式固定,并行后路自体髂骨植骨融合.结果 枢椎椎板的长度为(26.2±1.2)mm,高度为(12.8±1.6)mm,枢椎椎板上、中、下部的厚度分别为(300±1.4)mm、(6.0±1.6)mm、(5.6±1.2)mm、椎板轴线与矢状面的夹角平均为43.5°.8例患者枢椎椎板螺钉位于椎板中,无偏斜.全部患者随访6～14个月,平均10.5个月.术中和术后没有任何并发症发生,获得了良好的骨性愈合.本组无一例发生螺钉松动及断裂.结论 枢椎椎板螺钉固定技术避免了螺钉置入过程中损伤椎动脉的风险.此技术操作简单,不受C2横突孔中椎动脉的位置限制.全程在直视下进行,该方法可作为传统枢椎后路螺钉固定技术的补充.     

经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定选择性治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗单节段无神经症状的胸腰椎骨折的疗效。方法选择2009年3月～2010年6月在我院住院治疗的14例单节段无神经症状的胸腰椎骨折患者,进行三节段经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗,并以同期19例采用传统后路切开复位椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗的类似患者作为对照,对比分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间、带支具起床时间、透视次数、后凸畸形矫正率等。结果与开放手术组相比,经皮手术组住院时间、带支具起床时间明显缩短,术中出血量、术后引流量明显减少,手术时间、透视次数无明显增加;两组术前术后Cobb角、伤椎椎体前缘高度均显著恢复。结论在严格手术适应证前提下,经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折能取得满意疗效。