髋骨坐耻臼三角区的测量及其性别判别分析

目的：积累国人资料,探讨髋骨性别判别分析。方法：对耻弓最小宽、臼耻指数等１０项指标进行测量和计算（在传统方法基础上增加髋臼径、坐骨长Ⅱ及耻骨长Ⅱ）;选取其中６项指标用ＳＰＳＳ软件包进行Ｆｉｓｈｅｒ法性别判别分析。结果：得出５个单因素及４个多因素判别分析式,其中单因素判别分析的正确判别率为５１．２％～８５．４％,多因素性别判别分析的正确判别率为８４．８％～８７．８％。结论：新测量方法的判别率高于传统     

成年猕猴盆骨的性别逐步判别分析

目的：探讨盆骨有关变量在性差判别中的作用。方法：对24例(♀15，♂9)成年太行山猕猴盆骨15项变量时行测量，进行单变量性别判别分析和多变量逐步判别分析。结果：有6项变量性别间差异显著。选择盆骨有关变量建立的性别判别函数式，正确判别率为87．5％～100．00％。结论：用猕猴盆骨变量时行性别判别具有较高的应用价值。     

股骨髁 X 线测量及性别判别分析

目的为积累资料和探讨国人股骨髁的性别差异，方法随机对 33～76 岁 194 例健康人(男 138，女 56)拍摄膝部正侧位 X 线片；在正位片上测量了上髁宽和内、外侧髁宽，在侧位片上测量了内、外侧髁长和高。用 SPSS 软件计算出 5 个指数和 7 个性别判别分析式。结果所测 7 项均具有非常显著的性别差异(t＝3．53～13．94，P＜0．01)，5 项指数除髁高指数外，均无显著性性别差异；7 个性别判别式的回代判别率在 75．45％～89．73％间。结论股骨髁的 X 线测量对性别判别具有一定的实用意义。     

股骨髁X测量及性别判别分析

目的：为积累资料的探讨国人股骨髁的性别差异。方法：随机对３３～７６岁１９４例健康人（男１３８，女５６）拍摄膝部正侧位Ｘ线片；在正位片上测量了上髁宽和内、外侧髁宽，在侧位片上测量了内、外侧髁长和高。用ＳＰＳＳ软件计算出５个指数和７个性别判别分析式。结果：所测７项均具有非常显著的性别差异（ｔ＝３．５３～１３．９４，Ｐ〈０．０１），５项指数除髁高指数外，均无显著性性别差异；７个性别判别式的回代判别率在７     

踝关节面的测量及其性别的判别分析

目的：为积累国人资料和探讨踝关节面的性别差异。方法：用电子数显游标卡尺对东北出土的９３副距骨（男５１,女４２）、７２副胫骨（男３６,女３６）和７６副排骨（男３６,女４０）的踝关节面进行了１４例径线的测量和用米格纸测量各关节面面积８项,用ＳＰＳＳ软件计算出构成踝关节各关节面的面积指数并进行了侧别、性别比较和多因素判别分析。结果：各测量项目均无侧别差异,但大多具有非常显著的性别差异;４个判别分析式的判     

猕猴跖骨性别逐步判别分析

目的:根据猕猴跖骨形态变量建立判别函数来鉴定性别.方法:测量37例太行山猕猴跖骨的9个形态学变量.数据用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行多变量判别分析.结果:跖骨长度等变量在性别之间有明显差异.用全模型法跖骨性别正确判别率范围为85.3％～94.6％,用逐步判别法跖骨性别正确判别率范围为82.4％～91.2％.在跖骨9个形态学变量中长度变量首先被挑选出来,说明长度变量在性别判别中起重要作用.用判别函数判别性别时跖骨左、右侧无差异.结论:用每根跖骨形态学变量建立多元判别函数可以有效地区分猕猴性别,对灵长类跖骨标本的性别鉴定有一定的理论意义和应用价值.     

下颌骨的测量、相关和性别判别

对成年男、女性下颌骨备100例测量了18项指标,进行逐步回归分析和二类判别分析建立了28个逐步回归方程及性别判别方程式。     

脑机接口的广义核线性判别分析方法研究

针对脑机接口中脑电信号处理,提出了一种基于核方法和广义奇异值分解(GSVD)的广义核线性判别分析(GKLDA)方法,对两类脑电信号进行特征提取。首先在非线性核函数映射的核空间对样本做线性判别分析,针对"小样本采样问题",采用GSVD求解一种非线性空域滤波器。算法验证中,采用BCI竞赛一数据集、竞赛二数据集Ⅳ和竞赛三数据集ⅢB中S4b等3组公开数据,以及一组自行采集的想象左右手运动的数据,同时分别与核共空间模式(KCSP)、核线性判别分析(KDA)、广义判别分析(GDA)进行对比。分类器采用Fisher线性判别分析分类器。所提出的方法针对3组公开数据,正确率分别为93%、77%、80%,自行数据正确率为97%,且优于其他几种核方法。实验结果表明,GKLDA方法是脑机接口中一种新的有效的特征提取方法。     

SD大鼠下颌骨的性别判别分析

目的：研究SD大鼠下颌骨在性别之间的差异。方法：对37例(♀19,♂18)SD成年大鼠下颌骨的11项变量进行测量,数据用SPSS 11．0统计软件的进行判别分析。采用逐步判别法和全模型法,用下颌骨变量建立性别判别函数。通过回代和交互检验方法来确定判别函数的效果。结果：大鼠下颌骨3项变量在性别之间有明显统计学意义,4项变量有非常明显统计学意义。两种方法的性别判别函数的性别正确判别率大于80．0%。结论：大鼠下颌骨变量有明显的性别差异,用SD大鼠下颌骨变量进行性别鉴定有一定理论和应用价值。     

高血压患者健康状况评估方法的研究

用生存质量量表与运动试验相结合的办法对39例血压正常者及51例高血压初期患者进行对比分析,比较各项测试指标,并用判别分析方法对两组人群进行评估分析.多项结果两组人存在显著性差异,建立的判别函数对两组区分率达到96.7%.本文的方法为评估高血压患者的健康状况提供了新的参考.     

The EEG of the sleep onset period in insomnia: a discriminant analysis.

A period of rapid change in the wave components of the electroencephalogram (EEG) marks the transition from wake to sleep. Twenty-six insomniac and 28 control nights were studied in a discriminant analysis to determine whether this transitional state is modified in any way in subjects diagnosed for psychophysiological insomnia. A discriminant function was derived based on 20 insomniac and 22 normal nights. All 42 nights were correctly classified by this function. The sleep onset period, extending on the average over about 3 minutes, was characterized essentially by the beta and delta components of the EEG signal and by an activity index given by the ratio beta/delta, measured at the temporal lobe sites. Other variables included the subject's age and the magnitude of the changes occurring in the difference between activities in the right and left hemispheres. The variables contributing most to the discrimination were the activity index and beta, especially at the transitions from wake to stage 1 and from stage 1 to stage 2. The contribution of delta to the discrimination was less, but extended further in time to include stage 2 sleep. A test on the remaining six insomniac and six control nights gave a 75% classification accuracy, thus validating the derived discriminant function.     

胫骨性别分级判别及其与传统方法比较

目的：为验证性别分级判别法在实际应用中的效果及提高胫骨的性别判别率,材料和方法：先抽取126侧胫骨（M68,F58）进行研究,并将其结果作为预计值,另抽取168侧胫骨（M90,F78）进行对比实验,将其结果作为实验值。结果：分级判别法的判别率多因素判别及单因素判别的最高正确判别率预计值分别为89．6％,80．2％和78．6％;实验值分别为84．5％,75．6％和73．2％,讨论：新方法无论在理论预计值上还是在实际应用中较传统方法均有较大提高;实验值较预计值的降低是由于抽样误差造成的。因此,此方法将是人类学及其相关学科研究的更有效的手段。     

Comparison of discriminant analysis procedures in laboratory differentiation of hypercalcemia

Logistic, linear, and quadratic discriminant analyses were compared in their ability to differentiate hypercalcemic patients with primary hyperparathyroidism from those with malignancy. Linear and quadratic discriminant analyses were performed by use of both untransformed and logarithmically transformed data. Application of principal components analysis with varimax rotation was helpful in revealing the underlying relationships between variables. All discriminant methods identified serum albumin as the best single discriminating test, with the log-quadratic discriminant analysis classifying 81% of patients correctly. The combination of albumin, carboxy-terminal parathyroid hormone, and chloride improved classification accuracy (92% by use of log-quadratic discriminant analysis). Logistic discriminant analysis, using all 20 variables, gave a classification accuracy of 100%. Quadratic discriminant analysis gave better classification than linear discriminant analysis, and both methods performed better when log-transformed data were used. Logistic discriminant analysis followed by discrimination procedures using log-transformed data yielded the highest classification accuracy and reliability of the methods used.     

Secular trends in cranial chord variables: a study of changes in sexual dimorphism of the North Indian population during 1954–2011

Abstract

Background: Sex estimation of fragmentary remains is a critical problem which is further aggravated by the changing pattern of sexual dimorphism due to temporal/secular changes. Previously cranial chord variables were examined only to deduce cranial abnormalities and hominin evolution. In forensic anthropological literature to date, no studies have examined the importance of cranial chord variables in sex determination and neither have secular changes been reported in those measurements to date.

Aim: The present study aims to examine the sexual dimorphism and temporal changes in chord measurements in the Indian population and to provide updated sex discriminant formulae.

Subjects and methods: A total of 483 (contemporary: n?=?158; sub-recent: n?=?325) adult crania (18–70?years) from two temporally distinct North Indian populations were included in the study. Seven chord variables were measured and data were subjected to discriminant function analysis using SPSS 16.00.

Results: Analysis of the data using the t-test demonstrated significant sexual and population variations over time. Univariate discriminant analysis revealed the glabella-bregma chord as the best variable in both populations (78.5 and 74.5% accuracy in the contemporary and sub-recent populations, respectively). Using multivariate analysis classification accuracy reached 86.1% in the contemporary sample.

Conclusion: It is concluded that Indian crania are going through secular changes as the contemporary population has larger chord dimensions than their predecessors and chord variables can be applied for sex estimation in the Indian population.     

Automated cortical thickness measurements from MRI can accurately separate Alzheimer's patients from normal elderly controls

We investigated the potential of fully automated measurements of cortical thickness to reproduce the clinical diagnosis in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) using 19 patients and 17 healthy controls. Thickness maps were analyzed using three different discriminant techniques to separate patients from controls. All analyses were performed using leave-one-out cross-validation to avoid overtraining of the discriminants. The results show regionally variant patterns of discrimination ability, with over 90% accuracy obtained in the medial temporal lobes and other limbic structures. Multivariate discriminant analysis produced 100% accuracy with six different combinations, all involving the parahippocampal gyrus. We therefore propose automated measurements of cortical thickness as a tool to improve the clinical diagnosis of probable AD, as well as a research method to gain unique insight into the etiology of cortical pathology in the disease.     

Determination of sex from the tibia of adult Turkish cadavers

The aim of this research is to determine sex from the tibia. The tibia is an ideal bone because it resists erosive forces and keeps its anatomical shape for a long time even after being buried. Additionally, we tried to obtain a higher discrimination rate by using the biarticular breadth that was accepted as the most valid criterion in previous sex discrimination studies which were directed to the proximal part of the tibia. Right and left tibiae from 55 randomly selected adult Turkish cadavers (25 to 68 years) were measured to the nearest millimeter performed with a caliper; a total of six dimensions, one from the proximal and five from the distal ends, was measured. Canonical discriminant function test was performed to develop formulae and assess the accuracy of the technique. The results indicated that classification accuracy ranged from 89% in the right and 87% in the left for biarticular breadth. There was a minimal difference between the sides and the height of the medial malleolus. In conclusion, the distal and proximal dimensions of the tibia are highly discriminative as the sexual dimorphs in this Turkish sample. The study compares well with those on blacks and whites of North America and South Africa.