高龄高危前列腺增生经尿道电汽化联合电切的临床探讨

目的 探讨高龄高危前列腺增生(BPH)经尿道前列腺电汽化(TUVP)联合经尿道电切(TURP)的安全性及围手术期的处理.方法 联合应用经尿道前列腺电汽化和经尿道电切治疗高龄高危前列腺增生118例.结果 术后随访3～48个月,118例手术时间45～90min,失血量100-200mL,无电切综合征(TURS)发生.国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)由术前(28.6±5.2)分降至术后(9.4±3.2)分,生活质量评分(QOL)由术前(5.2±0.8)分降至术后(2.5±0.4)分,最大尿流率(Qmax)由术前0～9mL/s升至术后(14.6±3.8)mL/s,剩余尿量(PVR)由术前80～500mL降至术后16～35mL,4项指标与术前比较,差异均有显著性(P＜0.01).结论 经尿道前列腺电汽化联合经尿道电切是治疗高龄高危前列腺增生有效、安全性高且并发症少的方法.     

经尿道电汽化联合电切治疗良性前列腺增生症

目的:探讨经尿道前列腺汽化电切除术(transurethralelectrovaporizationoftheprostate,TUVP)与经尿道前列腺电切术(transurethralelectroresectionoftheprostate,TURP)联合治疗良性前列腺增生症(benignprostatichyperplasia,BPH)的疗效。方法:2001年5月至2004年10月,运用TUVP联合TURP治疗BPH168例。结果:平均手术时间55min,平均失血量80mL,术中输血3例,无经尿道电切综合征发生。随访132例,时间3～30个月。国际前列腺症状评分由术前(23.3±4.6)分下降至术后(8.6±2.8)分(t=31.36,P<0.01),生活质量评分由术前(5.2±0.6)分下降至术后(1.8±0.5)分(t=50.02,P<0.01),最大尿流率由术前(5.3±3.9)mL/s上升至术后(15.2±5.3)mL/s(t=17.29,P<0.01)。残余尿量由术前(68.8±13.4)mL下降至术后(19.2±14.8)mL(t=28.54,P<0.01)。结论:TUVP联合TURP治疗B...     

高龄高危患者经尿道前列腺气化电切术疗效分析

目的探讨高龄高危前列腺增生患者经尿道前列腺气化电切术的临床疗效。方法应用经尿道前列腺气化电切术治疗高龄高危前列腺增生患者36例,观察手术时间、术中出血量、手术并发症,记录并分析手术前后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、残余尿量(PVR)及最大尿流率(Qmax)等指标的变化。结果全部患者均安全度过围手术期,平均手术时间30～120min,失血量50～200mL;术后随访6～12个月排尿通畅,疗效满意。IPSS由术前(26.5±2.8)分降至术后(8.4±1.3)分,QOL由术前(7.3±1.2)分降至术后(2.8±0.3)分,PVR由术前70～430mL降至术后14～28mL,Qmax由术前0～10mL/s升至术后(15.2±2.6)mL/s;4项指标与术前比较,差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。结论重视并加强个体化围手术期的处理,对高龄高危前列腺增生患者行经尿道前列腺气化电切术,手术安全有效。     

经尿道前列腺电切联合汽化电切术治疗重度良性前列腺增生256例分析

目的探讨采用经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)联合汽化电切术(TUVP)治疗重度前列腺增生(BPH)患者的安全性和有效性。方法对2004年4月至2011年1月在重庆市江津区中医院接受TURP联合TUVP的256例BPH患者进行回顾性分析。比较分析患者手术前后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿量(RUV)的变化情况。结果手术时间58～115 min,平均78 min。256例患者均无大出血、电切综合征(TURS)及真性尿失禁等严重并发症。术后随访6～24个月,IPSS从术前(31.2±3.8)分降至术后(6.3±1.2)分;QOL评分从术前(5.2±0.8)分降至术后(2.0±0.4)分;Qmax从术前(3.5±1.2)mL/s增高至术后(16.5±3.0)mL/s;RUV从术前(216.6±53.5)mL降低至术后(16.1±8.6)mL,上述4项指标经统计学分析,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 TUVP联合TURP是一种治疗重度良性前列腺增生症的安全、有效的方法。     

经尿道前列腺电汽化联合电切术治疗前列腺增生3000例分析

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电汽化术＋电切（TUVP＋TURP）手术方法治疗前列腺增生症（BPH）进行分析研究。方法采用经尿道前列腺电汽化术（TUVP）＋电切术（TURP）联合治疗前列腺（BPH）患者3 000例。结果手术过程顺利,视野清晰,出血量少,疗效满意,未出现严重并发症。随访6个月~3 a平均最大尿流率（Qmax）由术前（7.2±3.0）ml/s上升至（18.88±3.27）ml/s,平均前列腺症状评分（Ipss）由术前（29.79±3.5）分降至术后（9.10±2.67）分,平均剩余尿量从70~650 ml下降至0~20 ml。结论经尿道前列腺电汽化术（TUVP）＋电切术（TURP）联合治疗前列腺（BPH）兼有两者优点,是治疗前列腺增生症（BPH）的有效方法 。     

经尿道前列腺电汽化术联合经尿道前列腺电切术治疗前列腺增生症(附263例分析)

目的探讨经尿道汽化术联合电切术治疗前列腺增生症(BPH)的临床效果。方法联合交替应用经尿道前列腺电汽化术(TUVP)和前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗BPH263例。结果263例患者手术过程顺利,无严重并发症,术后留置尿管3￣7d,随访0.5￣2.0a,拔除尿管后排尿通畅,临床症状明显改善,IPSS由术前(28.9±1.1)分(P<0.01),下降至术后(12.2±1.1)分(P<0.01),最大尿流率(Qmax)由术前5.3mL/s增加至术后16.2mL/s(P<0.01)。结论经尿道电汽化术联合电切术治疗BPH具有安全、出血少、并发症少、易掌握的特点,是治疗BPH较理想的手术方法。     

良性前列腺增生经尿道等离子双极电切术与经尿道汽化电切术疗效比较

目的探讨比较经尿道等离子双极电切术(TUPKRP)与经尿道汽化电切术(TUVP)治疗良性前列腺增生症(BPH)的临床疗效。方法采用TUPKRP术治疗BPH患者185例与同期采用TUVP术的176例患者做比较,包括:两组手术时间、术中出血、电切综合征(TURS)发生率、包膜穿孔率、术后血清钠、术后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS),术后生活质量评分(QOL)术后尿道狭窄发生率、继发性出血发生率。结果 TUVP组手术时间、电切综合征发生率、包膜穿孔率、术后当天血清钠,术后尿道狭窄发生率、继发性出血发生率,与PKRP组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TUVP组术中出血量(304±110)mL,TUPKRP为(305±100)mL,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1月TUVP IPSS(5.2±1.2)分、QOL(1.2±0.5)分、Qmax(24.1±4)mL/s;TUPKRP为IPSS(4.9±2)分、QOL(1.3±1)分、Qmax(25±3)mL/s,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 TUVP与TUP-KRP治疗BPH疗效基本一致,但TUPKRP安全性更高,适应证更广。     

经尿道前列腺汽化治疗前列腺增生症

目的 :观察滚筒状电极经尿道气化治疗前列腺增生症 (BPH)的近期效果。方法 :采用滚筒状电极经尿道气化 (TUVP)治疗BPH 33例。结果 :TUVP可以安全有效地解除前列腺梗阻 ,33例恢复良好的排尿功能 ,随访 1～ 12个月 ,IPSS评分由术前的 2 6 .82分降为术后 9.5 4分 (P <0 .0 1) ,最大尿流率术前 6 .95ml/s,术后18.74ml/s(P <0 .0 5 ) ;残余尿 :术前 15 5ml,术后 2 4ml(P <0 .0 1) ;生活质量评分 :术前 5 .85分 ,术后 2 .2分 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :认为TUVP损伤小 ,安全性高 ,疗效好 ,并发症少 ,最适用于有严重并发症的BPH高危病例     

经尿道前列腺气化电切术治疗前列腺增生

目的 探讨经尿道前列腺气化电切术(TUVP)治疗高危前列腺增生(BPH)的临床疗效及安全性.方法 术前进行病情及手术危险性评估,对酉阳县人民医院2006年12月至2010年11月30例高危前列腺增生患者行TUVP.结果 全部患者均安全度过围手术期.随访时间3个月,30例患者排尿功能恢复良好,无再次排尿困难,术后3个月剩余尿量(PVR)、前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 高危BPH患者,只要加强围手术期的处理,手术治疗是可行的.特别是TUVP对患者损伤小、恢复快、出血少,疗效确切,尤其对高危患者安全性高,具有良好的应用前景.     

经尿道前列腺汽化电切术治疗晚期前列腺癌致后尿道梗阻

目的:探讨经尿道前列腺汽化电切术对晚期前列腺癌致后尿道梗阻的治疗作用。方法:对22例晚期前列腺癌致后尿道梗阻患者采用经尿道前列腺汽化电切术(TUVP TURP)加双侧睾丸切除术和术后氟他胺口服治疗。结果:经尿道前列腺汽化电切术切除前列腺组织12~45 g,平均(23.23±6.90)g。术后均一次性解除后尿道梗阻,最大尿流率从术前(6.38±2.04)mL/s升至(14.15±1.95)mL/s,残余尿从术前平均125 mL减少至20 mL。国际前列腺症状评分从术前(29.54±3.19)分降至(8.54±1.58)分。生活质量评分从术前(5.35±0.63)分降至(1.15±0.37)分。术前后各参数值比较,P值均<0.05。结论:晚期前列腺癌致后尿道梗阻,在雄激素阻断治疗的同时,加用经尿道前列腺汽化电切术治疗,可有效、迅速改善后尿道梗阻症状,对提高患者生活质量有明显作用。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.