巯基物质对大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎合并心肌损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨巯基物质(硫普罗宁)在急性坏死性胰腺炎时对胰腺和心肌细胞的保护作用。方法 将大鼠随机分为3组：A组急性坏死性胰腺炎生理盐水组，B组为急性坏死性胰腺炎巯基物质(硫普罗宁)处理组，C组为正常对照组。各组动物模型分别在诱发急性坏死性胰腺炎后4、6、12、24h处死。检测淀粉酶、C反应蛋白、胰腺组织内巯基和丙二醛的含量；观察光镜下胰腺组织的形态学改变与电镜下心肌形态学改变。结果 (1)A、B两组淀粉酶、C反应蛋白均明显高于C组，B组明显低于A组。(2)A、B两组胰腺组织巯基含量均明显低于C组，B组高于A组；A、B两组胰腺组织丙二醛含量明显高于C组，B组明显低于A组。(3)A、B两组胰腺均发生病变，但B组较A组轻且腹水量明显减少。(4)A、B两组心肌组织电镜下均有改变，其中B组明显较A组轻。结论 ANP时胰腺组织内巯基物质减少，丙二醛(MDA)含量增加明显；外源性巯基物质(硫普罗宁)，可使ANP时胰腺炎症减轻，是参与胰腺细胞和心肌细胞保护的重要物质。     

急性脑血管病患者血浆一氧化氮和内皮素含量测定

通过观测正常人和急性脑血管病患者的血浆一氧化氮 (NO)和内皮素 (ET)水平 ,探求NO和ET在急性脑血管病发作过程中的病理生理意义。方法　用Green’s法测定血浆NO ,用放射免疫法测定血浆ET。结果　正常对照组 (A组 ) 2 4例 ,平均血浆NO 2 6 5 2± 2 5 1μmol/L ,ET 45 81± 11 2 1ng/L ;脑出血组 (B组 ) 2 7例 ,平均血浆NO 18 12± 4 14μmol/L ,ET132 41± 2 1 0 5ng/L ;脑梗死组 (C组 ) 4 2例 ,平均血浆NO 18 0 0± 3 12 μmol/L ,ET 12 9± 9 37ng/L。与A组相比较 ,B组和C组均有NO显著降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,ET显著升高 (P <0 0 1) ;B组与C组之间无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　在急性脑血管病发作过程中 ,血浆NO和ET的含量变化 ,可能促进了疾病的发生和发展     

老年高血压及高血压心脏病血浆神经肽Y和神经降压素的变化

目的 :探讨老年高血压及高血压心脏损害血浆神经肽Y(neuropeptideY ,NPY)和神经降压素 (neurotensin ,NT)的变化及其临床意义。方法 :采用同位素放射免疫分析法 ,对 5 0例老年高血压患者和 30例正常健康老年人进行血浆NPY和NT含量的检测。结果 :老年高血压患者血浆NPY含量 [( 1 5 0 .7± 1 5 .5 )ng/L]明显高于正常对照组 [( 1 0 1 .9±37.9)ng/L],血浆NT含量 [( 4 8.5± 1 9.1 )ng/L]则明显低于对照组 [( 88.4± 2 7.8)ng/L];高血压心脏病患者血浆NPY含量 [( 1 6 5 .7± 2 0 .1 )ng/L]明显高于无心脏损害患者 [( 1 2 0 .7± 2 3.4)ng/L],而NT含量 [( 4 0 .5± 1 6 .4)ng/L]则明显低于无心脏损害患者 [( 5 9.4± 1 7.3)ng/L]。 结论 :老年高血压及心脏损害患者存在血浆NPY水平异常增加和NT含量的降低 ,二者可能协同促进了老年高血压及高血压心脏病的形成。检测血浆NPY和NT的水平在一定程度上可作为评估老年高血压及其靶器官心脏损害受损程度的指标。     

重型颅脑损伤患者血浆S-100B蛋白测定的临床意义

目的　探讨血浆 S 10 0 B蛋白作为一种生物学指标在重型颅脑损伤诊断及预后判断中的应用价值。方法　重型颅脑损伤患者 6 6例 ,伤后早期 (2～ 6 h)抽取血浆标本 ,并从伤后 2 4 h起连续 3～ 7d检测血浆 S 10 0 B蛋白含量 ,将其结果与患者伤后 6个月格拉斯哥预后评分 (GOS)进行比较。结果　 6 6例患者中死亡 2 5例 ,致残 2 2例 ,良好 19例。死亡组 S 10 0 B平均 2 .6 0 μg/ L,明显高于存活组 (0 .5 5 μg/ L,P<0 .0 0 1) ;死亡组中有 14例 S 10 0 B峰值超过 2 .0 0 μg/ L,而存活组中只有 4例峰值超过 2 .0 0 μg/ L(P<0 .0 0 5 )。结论　血浆 S 10 0 B蛋白在重型颅脑损伤的诊断及预后判断中具有可靠的应用价值。     

醒脑静注射液对实验性脑缺血-再灌注损伤中一氧化氮和内皮素水平的影响

目的 :探讨醒脑静注射液 (XNJI)对脑缺血再灌注损伤 (CIRI)家兔一氧化氮 (NO)和内皮素 (ET)水平的影响。方法 :采用“四动脉闭塞法”制备家兔 CIRI模型 ,随机分为假手术对照组 (A组 )、脑缺血再灌注组(B组 )和脑缺血再灌注加 XNJI治疗组 (C组 )。分别在脑缺血前、缺血 30分钟及再灌注 30、6 0和 12 0分钟不同时间点 ,检测血浆及脑组织 NO浓度和 ET含量。结果 :脑缺血再灌注期间 ,血浆和脑组织 NO水平明显下降 ,血浆为 (43.80± 10 .4 0 )μmol/ L、(43.6 0± 8.96 )μm ol/ L、(37.5 0± 13.6 0 )μmol/ L、(39.80± 8.2 2 )μmol/ L、(40 .70± 7.86 )μmol/ L (P<0 .0 5和 P<0 .0 1) ,脑组织为 (319.0 0± 70 .70 )μmol/ g(P>0 .0 5 ) ;ET水平显著升高 ,血浆为 (73.80± 34.70 ) ng/ L、(81.30± 32 .5 0 ) ng/ L、(78.2 0± 36 .80 ) ng/ L、(10 4 .0 0± 4 2 .0 0 ) ng/ L、(111.0 0± 5 0 .70 ) ng/ L(P<0 .0 5和 P<0 .0 1) ,脑组织为 (93.10± 4 2 .30 ) ng/ g(P<0 .0 5 ) ;使用 XNJI后 ,上述各指标的异常变化明显减轻 ,与对照组相比有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5和 P<0 .0 1)。结论 :XNJI可提高机体 NO水平、降低 ET水平而抗 CIRI     

外科危重患者甲状腺激素动态监测的临床意义

目的　探讨外科危重患者血浆甲状腺激素 (TH)的变化及临床意义。方法　应用放射免疫法测定 36例大手术患者术后第 1天血浆 TH含量。除外术后第 2天内死亡的 4例 ,继续测定另外 32例患者术后第 3、5天的血浆 TH含量。结果　术后第 1天 T3 / FT3 含量 (T3 :0 .2 1nmol/ L± 0 .2 7nmol/ L,FT3 :1.32 pmol/ L± 0 .6 7pmol/ L)明显低于正常参考值 (T3 :1.40～ 3.40 nmol/ L ,FT3 :2 .5 0～ 9.82 pmol/ L ) ,P<0 .0 1。其中 4例死亡患者 T4和 FT4也明显降低 (T4:7.40 nmol/ L± 1.73nmol/ L ,FT4:1.11pmol/ L± 0 .16 pmol/ L ) ,与另外 32例患者比较 (T4:5 7.86 nmol/ L± 2 1.49nmol/ L,FT4:7.14pmol/ L± 3.72 pmol/ L)有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　外科危重患者血浆 TH水平下降 ,动态监测TH水平 ,可作为评估预后的一项参考指标     

子宫内膜异位症伴疼痛患者血浆孤啡肽含量的变化

目的 :观察子宫内膜异位症 (内异症 )伴疼痛者血浆孤啡肽水平的变化。方法 :采用放射免疫法测定 2 5例内异症无腹痛妇女 (对照组 )、31例内异症伴轻度腹痛妇女 (轻度组 )和 2 9例内异症伴重度腹痛妇女 (重度组 )血浆孤啡肽的含量。结果 :重度组血浆孤啡肽的含量为 39.82± 9.16ng .L 1,轻度组血浆孤啡肽的含量为 2 8.4 5± 7.38ng .L 1,对照组为 17.73± 4 .6 2ng .L 1。与对照组相比 ,前二组血浆孤啡肽含量显著上升 (P <0 .0 1及P <0 .0 5 ) ,其中重度组血浆孤啡肽的含量显著高于轻度疼痛组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :血浆孤啡肽水平可能与子宫内膜异位症者疼痛的发生、发展密切相关。     

腹腔海水浸泡伤战地救治的早期效果观察

目的　观察野战环境战地救治对腹腔海水浸泡伤实验犬生存的影响。方法　杂种犬 15只 ,随机均分为对照组 (A组 )、生理盐水救治组 (B组 )及综合救治组 (C组 ) ,观察每一组腹腔海水浸泡后的存活时间及血浆渗透压、乳酸水平变化。结果　①C组平均存活时间 (5 8h)显著长于A(2 4h)、B(4 1h)两组 (P <0 0 1) ;②腹腔海水浸泡后 1hC组血浆渗透压(36 6 1± 8 4 )mmol/L、乳酸 (8 9± 1 8)mmol/L水平均显著低于A组〔分别为 (374 3± 11 2 )mmol/L、(12 4± 3 1)mmol/L〕(P <0 0 5 ) ,B组乳酸 (10 3± 2 1)mmol/L水平也显著低于A组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;腹腔海水浸泡后 3hC组乳酸 (9 1± 1 7)mmol/L水平显著低于B组 (11 4± 1 9)mmol/L(P <0 0 5 )。结论　腹腔海水浸泡伤战地早期补入低张胶体液及进行腹腔清创有助于缓解机体高渗状态 ,改善机体代谢 ,延长创伤动物生命。     

无口渴多饮糖尿病患者的饮水护理

目的 :探讨糖尿病患者的饮水护理。方法 :将 35例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者分为有明显口渴多饮史 ,临床认为渴感正常患者 (A组 ) 17例 ;无明显口渴多饮史 ,临床疑有渴感减退患者 (B组 ) 18例。B组患者按每日尿量进行饮水指导治疗 ,观察治疗前后血钠、血浆渗透压的变化。结果 :B组在饮水指导治疗前血钠 145 93± 4 6 5mmol/L ,治疗后 145 93± 4 6 5mmol/L (P <0 0 0 1) ;血浆渗透压治疗前 2 98 49± 7 5 5mmol/L ,治疗后 2 84 17± 6 86mmol/L (P <0 0 0 1)。结论 :对无口渴多饮史的糖尿病患者进行饮水指导治疗可降低血钠、血浆渗透压 ,有临床应用价值。     

川芎嗪对肝缺血-再灌注损伤时黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的影响

目的 :探讨川芎嗪 (L GT)对肝缺血再灌注损伤 (HIRI)时黄嘌呤氧化酶 (XO)活性的影响。方法 :选择 HIRI实验兔及肝癌手术患者 ,动态观察血浆 XO活性的变化及 L GT对它的影响。结果 :HIRI期间 ,血浆及肝组织内 XO活性明显增强 (P<0 .0 5和 P<0 .0 1) ;使用 L GT后 ,XO活性的异常变化显著减轻 ,其差异有显著性意义 (P<0 .0 5和 P<0 .0 1)。结论 :L GT可有效地抑制 HIRI时 XO活性而减少氧自由基的形成。     

激光对血小板膜粘附分子表达的影响及其一氧化氮机制

目的 探讨低能量激光血管内照射（ILIB）对血小板膜粘附分子表达的影响及其一氧化氮（NO）机制。方法 对球囊损伤动脉内膜犬行ILIB,观察ILIB对血小板CD41、CD62p表达和血浆NO含量的影响。结果 ILIB可显著抑制血小板CD41、CD62P的表达（P＜0．01）,提升血浆NO含量（P＜0．01）。结论 ILIB可提升血浆NO含量,并通过NO抑制血小板CD41、CD62P的表达。     

氦氖激光血管内照射对重型颅脑损伤患者血液流变学及抗氧化能力的影响

目的：观察低能量氦氖激光血管内照射对重型颅脑损伤患者血液流变学及机体抗氧化能力的影响并探讨其临床意义。方法：将68例重型颅脑损伤患者分为低能量氦氖激光治疗组38例和常规治疗组30例，治疗前后及治疗后1个月检测血液流变学及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）水平，与对照组比较，观察低能量氦氖激光对重型颅脑损伤患者血液流变学及抗氧化能力的影响。结果：重型颅脑损伤患进血液粘度增高，血清SOD活力降低且MDA含量增高（P＜0．05）。与常规治疗组相比，治疗后激光组合血粘度高低切变值和血浆粘度明显改善（P＜0．05），血清SOD活性增高（P＜0．05），MDA含量显著降低（P＜0．05）。结论：低能量氦氖激光血管内照射可改善重型颅脑损伤患者血液流变学情况，提高机体抗氧化能力减轻自由基的损害。     

氦氖激光血管内照射对颈髓损伤患者血液流变学及抗氧化能力的影响(英文)

目的:观察低能量氦氖激光血管内照射(ILIB)对颈髓损伤患者血液流变学及机体抗氧化能力的影响并探讨其临床意义。方法:将49例颈髓损伤患者分为低能量氦氖激光治疗组25例和常规治疗组24例,治疗前及治疗1个月后检测血液流变学及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)水平,与对照组比较,观察低能量氦氖激光对颈髓损伤患者血液流变学及抗氧化能力的影响。结果:颈髓损伤患者血液黏度增高,血清SOD活力降低且MDA含量增高。与常规治疗组相比,治疗后激光组全血黏度高低切变值和血浆黏度均明显改善犤(4.8±0.9)mPa·svs(5.7±1.2)mPa·s,(6.1±1.0)mPa.svs(7.5±1.2)mPa·s,(1.68±0.28)mPa·svs(2.16±0.28)mPa·s犦(t=2.451～2.537,P<0.05),血清SOD活力增高犤(1.52±0.17)pmol/(s·L)vs(1.35±0.25)pmol/(s·L)犦(t=2.652,P<0.05),MDA含量显著降低犤(4.0±0.7)μmol/Lvs(4.8±0.8)μmol/L犦(t=2.478,P<0.05)。结论:低能量氦氖激光血管内照射可改善颈髓损伤患者血液流变学状况,提高机体抗氧化能力减轻自由基的损害。     

多发性创伤后单核细胞功能变化的实验研究

背景血浆纤维结合蛋白(Fn)是单核吞噬细胞吞噬功能的调节剂.多发伤后,血浆Fn发生明显有规律改变.有报道体外循环犬中外周血单核细胞活性增加.而多发伤后细胞Fn变化不清楚.目的检测多发伤犬外周血单核细胞其表面纤维结合蛋白(Fn)和吞噬功能. 设计随机对照实验研究.地点和对象对随机造模的多发伤犬16只进行实验,年龄1～4年,平均为2.5年.干预用梯度离心法收集16例犬外周血单核细胞.主要观察指标多发伤犬单核细胞吞噬功能,表面Fn及血浆Fn水平变化.结果多发伤犬单核细胞吞噬功能在伤后第1,3,7天分别为(0.263±0.048),(0.388±0.087),(0.472±0.137)A,单核细胞吞噬功能7 d显著性增强(t=1.07,P＜0.05);血浆Fn水平在伤后第3天(0.144±0.002)g/L和7天(0.152±0.003)g/L较第1天(0.125±0.009)g/L显著升高.单核细胞吞噬功能与血浆Fn水平显著相关(r=0.099,P=0.05).单核细胞表面Fn变化无显著性意义.结论多发伤后单核细胞表面Fn呈动态变化,与其吞噬功能和血浆变化相一致,其对评价创伤后单核细胞功能变化具有重要价值.     

Effect of decreased O2 supply to tissue on the lactate:pyruvate ratio in blood

Experiments were performed with trained conscious dogs with permanently implanted intravascular catheters. With the dogs in a basal resting state, the concentrations of lactate (L) and pyruvate (P) in arterial blood fluctuated widely from day to day, whereas their concentration ratio (L/P) remained relatively constant. By contrast, decrease in tissue O(2) supply induced by severe chronic anemia increased the arterial blood L/P, specifically, with only random accompanying changes in the lactate or pyruvate concentrations themselves.When systemic O(2) consumption was increased acutely by muscular exercise, cardiac output increased, and the changes in blood L/P were small and not consistent between different dogs. But when O(2) supply to the tissues was simultaneously limited by anemia, L/P increased during exercise, and the magnitude of the increase was proportional to the severity of the anemia. These results suggest that changes in blood L/P during exercise are related specifically to tissue O(2) supply.     

Effect of laser exposure on hemostatic parameters in the preagonal and post-resuscitation period

Effects of intravascular low-intensive laser exposure of the blood on the hemostasis during acute blood loss and the early postresuscitation period after 4-min clinical death were studied on narcotized dogs (8-17 kg) of both sexes with different initial levels of heparin. During the preagonal period laser exposure caused hypercoagulation in animals with initial heparin content below 60 micrograms/ml. This acceleration of blood clotting prevented a drop in the activity of antithrombin III and hypercoagulation by the third hour of postresuscitation period. In animals with initial heparin content more than 60 micrograms/ml laser exposure caused hypocoagulation in the presence of reduced activity of antithrombin III by the third hour of the resuscitation period.     

Acute toxicity of aflatoxin B1 and rubratoxin B in dogs

The effect of ip administrated aflatoxin B1 and rubratoxin B, singly and in combination, on dogs was determined by serum tests, by observations of clinical signs and survival times, and by evaluation of gross and microscopic lesions. The dog is sensitive to the toxic effects of both mycotoxins. Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities and survival time varied in relation to dose and to the mycotoxin(s) administered. All three plasma enzymes were elevated regardless of dose with the combination of aflatoxin B1/rubratoxin B at 24 hr after dosing, except LDH, which was within the normal range but only at the lowest dose level. Several serum constituents including BUN, cholesterol, uric acid, and total bilirubin were elevated, whereas serum glucose was depressed in dogs treated with the multiple-toxin regimen; these changes were not seen in dogs given only aflatoxin B1 but were characteristic in rubratoxin-treated animals. In general, gross findings at necropsy were similar in all dogs regardless of the dose regimen. A striking similarity existed in the histologic changes observed between lesions experimentally induced by the mycotoxin combination and those lesions reported for dogs fed toxic feed in laboratory studies or in natural cases of hepatitis X. Of particular similarity were the severe kidney lesions observed in dogs exposed to the mycotoxin combination and kidney lesions reported in natural outbreaks of hepatitis X. There can be little doubt of an association between hepatitis X and aflatoxin B1, although it is apparent that the disease probably involves more than a single toxic factor. Our results suggest that hepatitis X in dogs includes aflatoxin B1 as a primary etiological factor but that rubratoxin B also may be involved.     

氦氖激光血管体表照射临床观察

目的 根据光在人体组织的传播特性,研究氦氖激光沿血管体表照射的治疗效果,操作方法以及治疗费用等。希望将此法取代氦氖激光血管内照射疗法。方法 采用从光导纤维输出的２５ｍＷ,６３２．８ｎｍ氦氖激光。对３０例脑血管病合并糖尿病,哮喘患者的静脉进行血管体表照射治疗,并检测其血糖,血脂及血液流变学部分指标的变化情况。结果 经治疗患者症状以及实验检测数据均有改善。平均血粘度下降０．２５,血浆粘度下降０．０５,     

Development of a radioimmunoassay for quantitating prethrombin 2 in human plasma

We have developed a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for prethrombin 2 (Pr2), a potential intermediate in the transformation of prothrombin to thrombin. Antisera against human Pr2 were raised in rabbits and the respective immunoglobulin G fractions were chromatographed on prothrombin-Sepharose. The specific antibody population obtained was used to construct a double-antibody RIA capable of measuring as little as 0.05 nmol/L of this component. The immunoreactivity of prothrombin was approximately 40,000 times less than that of Pr2 on a molar basis. Because of nonspecific contributions of plasma constituents to the immunoreactive signal, the measurement of Pr2 in this milieu required the use of a titration curve in which Pr2 was added back to Pr2-depleted plasma. This assay was then used to determine the levels of this species in two patient populations with increased prothrombin activation as determined by the prothrombin fragment F1 + 2 RIA, a measure of the in vivo cleavage of prothrombin by factor Xa. The mean Pr2 concentrations in eight patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation and six asymptomatic individuals with congenital antithrombin deficiency not receiving antithrombotic therapy were not significantly elevated as compared with those of normal controls (0.244 nmmol/L and 0.242 nmol/L vs. 0.184 nmol/L, respectively). Our studies show that Pr2 is cleared from the plasma of dogs with a t1/2 of approximately 25 minutes. Given that the t1/2 of F1 + 2 is estimated to be approximately 90 minutes, the low plasma levels of Pr2 observed in patients with thrombophilia cannot result from rapid clearance of this component.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

低能量氦—氖激光血管内照射治疗高粘血症35例

我院采用低能量Ｈｅ—Ｎｅ激光血管内照射治疗高粘血症３５例。结果临床症状明显改善，总有效率９２％。血液流变学指标亦有显著改善，治疗前后，全血高切粘度、低切粘度差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），血浆粘度及纤维蛋白元差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。