Transposed skin graft for wound closure after Cincinnati incision Experience in 7 patients with severe foot deformities

I report a technique of wound closure by a transposed skin graft after operative treatment of foot deformities, using a Cincinnati incision. Three-dimensional correction of severe foot deformities (congenital talipes equinovarus, congenital vertical talus, etc.) results in skin excess on one side of the foot and lack of this on the opposite side. The skin excess can be cut out and used as a full-thickness skin graft for wound closure on the opposite side of the foot.     

Various applications of the medial plantar flap to cover the defects of the plantar foot,posterior heel,and ankle

The medial plantar fasciocutaneous flap provides structurally similar tissue to plantar foot, posterior heel, and ankle defects with its thick glabrous plantar skin, shock-absorbing fibrofatty subcutaneous tissue, and plantar fascia. During the past 4 years, 24 patients (20 men, 4 women) with skin and soft-tissue defects over the plantar foot, posterior heel, or ankle were treated. They ranged in age from 20 to 42 years (mean, 24 y). The medial plantar flap was transposed to the defects in four different ways: proximally pedicled sensorial island flaps (N = 18), reverse-flow island flaps (N = 2), free flaps (N = 2), and cross-foot flaps (N = 2). Flap size varied from a width of 2 to 5.5 cm and a length of 5 to 7.5 cm. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 18 months (mean, 9 mo). Partial flap loss was observed in one free flap and one reverse-flow island flap. Partial skin graft lost in the donor site required regrafting in one patient. Durable, sensate coverage of the defects was achieved in all patients.     

Osteocutaneous radial forearm flap for hand reconstruction.

We treated 5 patients (4 men and 1 woman) with bone and soft tissue defects or total thumb loss using an osteocutaneous radial forearm flap. Their ages at the time of surgery ranged from 27 to 65 years (mean, 53 years). Preoperative conditions were traumatic loss of the thumb in 3 cases and severe injuries with soft tissue and bone defects in 2. The length of the donated radius ranged from 2 to 7 cm (mean, 4.7 cm). In 4 patients the radial forearm flap was transposed, including the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve as a sensory flap. Simultaneous iliac bone grafting to the donor site was also performed in 4 of the cases. The follow-up period ranged from 44 to 87 months (mean, 64 months). All flaps survived over their full extent. Radiographic bone union was attained after 2 to 3 months (mean, 2.5 months). Two-point discrimination over the 4 sensory flaps ranged from 8 to 15 mm (mean, 10.8 mm). No radius fractures occurred. No patients showed signs of vascular insufficiency from sacrifice of the radial artery. The radial forearm flap provides thin skin of good texture together with bone for a 1-stage reconstruction. For patients with skin and bone defects of the hand, a radial forearm osteocutaneous flap is recommended. This flap is also recommended for patients with traumatic thumb loss, if the dorsalis pedis artery is absent, or if the patient declines using tissue from the foot.     

足背皮瓣修复手掌侧皮肤软组织缺损的临床应用

目的：探讨足背皮瓣修复手掌侧皮肤软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法2007年3月—2013年12月，对收治的7例重度手外伤致手掌侧皮肤软组织缺损患者采用游离足背皮瓣进行修复，其中3例为急诊一期行足背皮瓣修复；4例先采用负压封闭引流技术（vacuum sealing drainage, VSD），二期行足背皮瓣修复。结果本组皮瓣全部成活，随访5～22个月，皮瓣质地优良，无明显臃肿，两点辨别觉为7～10 mm，手部功能恢复达50%以上。结论足背皮瓣血管蒂恒定，外观较理想，是修复手掌侧皮肤软组织缺损的较好方法。     

逆行及顺行腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣逆行转移修复足背、足跟及踝部组织缺损,顺行转移修复膝部组织缺损的临床应用效果。方法在应用解剖及对成人小腿和足背长度测量基础上,设计带筋膜蒂的腓肠神经营养血管岛状皮瓣,逆行应用修复足背、足跟、足底及踝部软组织缺损,顺行应用修复膝部软组织的缺损。同时观察皮瓣的可切取范围、血液供应及静脉回流情况、营养血管在外踝上与腓动脉穿通支的位置及血管蒂隧道的处理方案。结果临床应用23例,其中修复足背组织缺损11例、足跟软组织缺损5例、膝软组织缺损3例、足底软组织缺损1例及外踝及足背联合缺损3例。皮瓣最大面积16cm×10cm,全部成活。结论腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣血液循环丰富,成活率高,是修复足背、足跟、踝部、足底及膝部软组织缺损的理想皮瓣。     

足背多叶皮瓣联合肌腱移植修复手部多指皮肤及肌腱缺损

目的 总结应用足背多叶皮瓣联合肌腱移植术修复手部多指皮肤及肌腱缺损的临床应用的经验.方法 在显微应用解剖研究的基础上,设计以胫前动脉为主干,分别以内踝前、足背动脉、外踝前血管为分支,构建成足内侧、足背、足外侧多叶皮瓣并携带(足母)短伸肌腱和第5趾固有伸肌腱,修复多指皮肤及肌腱缺损.结果 临床应用共12例,皮瓣完全成活11例,1例皮瓣远端小部分坏死,经换药后愈合.结论 足背多叶皮瓣移植是修复多指皮肤及肌腱缺损的较好方法.     

足背多叶皮瓣联合肌腱移植修复手部多指皮肤及肌腱缺损

目的 总结应用足背多叶皮瓣联合肌腱移植术修复手部多指皮肤及肌腱缺损的临床应用的经验.方法 在显微应用解剖研究的基础上,设计以胫前动脉为主干,分别以内踝前、足背动脉、外踝前血管为分支,构建成足内侧、足背、足外侧多叶皮瓣并携带(足母)短伸肌腱和第5趾固有伸肌腱,修复多指皮肤及肌腱缺损.结果 临床应用共12例,皮瓣完全成活11例,1例皮瓣远端小部分坏死,经换药后愈合.结论 足背多叶皮瓣移植是修复多指皮肤及肌腱缺损的较好方法.     

足背多叶皮瓣联合肌腱移植修复手部多指皮肤及肌腱缺损

目的 总结应用足背多叶皮瓣联合肌腱移植术修复手部多指皮肤及肌腱缺损的临床应用的经验.方法 在显微应用解剖研究的基础上,设计以胫前动脉为主干,分别以内踝前、足背动脉、外踝前血管为分支,构建成足内侧、足背、足外侧多叶皮瓣并携带(足母)短伸肌腱和第5趾固有伸肌腱,修复多指皮肤及肌腱缺损.结果 临床应用共12例,皮瓣完全成活11例,1例皮瓣远端小部分坏死,经换药后愈合.结论 足背多叶皮瓣移植是修复多指皮肤及肌腱缺损的较好方法.     

带蒂组合皮瓣修复足踝部严重组织缺损

目的探讨带蒂组合皮瓣修复足踝部严重创伤的临床疗效。方法2000年10月至2012年5月,对13例足踝部严重创伤,合并皮肤软组织缺损的患者,使用腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣和交腿皮瓣的组合皮瓣进行修复。结果术后皮瓣成活12例,坏死1例,成活皮瓣切口均一期愈合。术后随访6~12个月,患者功能恢复良好。结论组合皮瓣治疗下肢足踝部严重创伤,疗效明确,功能恢复良好,是治疗下肢足踝部严重创伤的理想方法。     

跗外侧动脉岛状皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损

目的介绍跗外侧动脉岛状皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损的方法。方法根据跗外侧动脉的解剖设计包含足外侧皮神经分支的岛状皮瓣,覆盖前足及踝部软组织缺损。结果皮瓣及植皮全部成活,术后随访10月～4年,患足外形及功能满意。结论跗外侧动脉岛状皮瓣为修复足部软组织缺损提供了一种方法。     

Re: a new technique of vaginal reconstruction with the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap: a preliminary report

Wang and colleagues described the use of fasciocutaneous flap based on deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) vessels for vaginal reconstruction. They presented four patients with congenital vaginal agenesis and one with vaginal tumor. The rhombus-shaped abdominal flap was designed according to the location of deep inferior epigastric vessels perforators. The size of the flap ranged from 9 x 12 to 11 x 12 cm. The flap was elevated without underlying muscle, dissecting perforators together with the pedicle-deep inferior epigastric vessels up to their origin. The fully mobilized flap was tabularized, transposed paravesically to the previously prepared vaginal bed, and anastomosed to vaginal introitus. Primary donor-site closure was accomplished in all patients with conspicuous scars. All flaps survived and the authors reported a normal appearance of external genitalia with sufficient neovaginal depth and width. During the short follow-up (6-14 mo), two patients reported satisfactory sexual intercourse.     

腓肠浅动脉逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣急诊修复下肢创伤性皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨急诊一期修复小腿中下段及足部创伤性软组织缺损的方法. 方法 2000年2月～2003年12月,应用同侧腓肠浅动脉逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣急诊一期修复小腿及足部皮肤软组织缺损18例,并分析其可行性及手术注意点;切取皮瓣4 cm×5 cm～11 cm×12 cm. 结果除2例皮瓣远端1/3发绀并坏死经换药Ⅱ期愈合外,其余皮瓣均Ⅰ期愈合.随访1～2年,有2例皮瓣臃肿,其余外观满意,功能均恢复正常. 结论腓肠浅动脉逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣急诊修复创伤性皮肤软组织缺损,具有早期闭合创面、促进早期功能锻炼的优点,尤其适合于急诊修复小腿下1/3及其足踝部的皮肤软组织缺损.     

应用携带肌肉的小腿内侧皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损

目的探讨应用携带肌肉的小腿内侧皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损的临床效果。方法采用携带肌肉的小腿内侧皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损9例,缺损面积：6cm×8cm～8cm×18cm。供区均选用同侧小腿。皮瓣切取面积：7cm×9cm～10cm×20cm。结果9例皮瓣均一期成活。获随访7例,时间4～13个月,皮瓣质地柔软,供区植皮处无明显瘢痕挛缩,外观及功能均满意。结论该类皮瓣成活率高,操作简单,切取方便,血供可靠,抗感染能力强,是修复足部软组织缺损较理想皮瓣。     

腓肠神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损

目的　观察应用腓肠神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损的临床效果。方法　对 1 8例足部软组织缺损患者 ,以其腓肠神经营养血管为蒂 ,于小腿后侧切取皮瓣逆行转移修复缺损区。观察术后患者皮瓣成活情况及供区创面愈合情况。　结果　术后皮瓣均成活 ,切取的最大皮瓣为 1 0 .5cm× 1 6.5cm。供区创面愈合良好 ,除外观略受影响外活动功能基本正常。　结论　腓肠神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣切取简便 ,移植成活率高 ,是修复足部软组织缺损的较好方法。     

Distally based fasciocutaneous flap of the calf for cutaneous coverage of the lower leg and dorsum of the foot

Cutaneous injuries of the inferior third of the leg and dorsum of the foot represent a great challenge for plastic surgeons. The poor vascularization and subsequent poor healing encountered in these regions demand detailed knowledge of the local anatomy to select the best surgical alternative for each patient. In patients in whom local or free muscular flaps are not suitable, the fasciocutaneous flaps seem to be a good alternative. The distal pedicled fasciocutaneous flap of the calf was used to cover skin defects of the leg and foot in 22 patients. In 4 patients the authors designed an island flap to prevent a large defect in the donor area and to decrease the time of hospitalization and recovery of the patient. In a severe defect, the flap was used as a cross-leg flap. The results were satisfactory because the flap provided stable coverage for different defects with few complications. The island flap is a good option for achieving a better aesthetic result and can be used in select patients.     

内踝前动脉穿支蒂逆行筋膜皮瓣修复足背软组织缺损

目的 报道以内踝前动脉穿支为血管蒂的逆行筋膜皮瓣修复足背软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 在多普勒血流探测仪引导下,设计以内踝前动脉穿支为血管蒂及旋转点,沿隐神经营养血管轴线切取皮瓣,逆向转位修复足背部皮肤缺损创面.结果 2002年2月至2008年3月,于临床应用12例,皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣面积为13.5 cm×3.0 cm～8 cm×3 cm,穿支血管蒂位于内踝前下方0.5～1.5 cm处.随访6～18个月,皮瓣质地良好,外形与功能恢复满意.结论 该皮瓣设计灵活,切取方便,血供可靠,适于修复足背部的皮肤软组织缺损创面.     

改良逆行腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的探讨改良逆行腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法 2009年2月～2011年11月,采用分离腓动脉穿支最低肌间隔穿支或外踝后血管穿支,跟外侧血管穿支汇入腓肠神经营养血管最低点的血管穿支与腓肠神经营养血管组成联合蒂皮瓣逆行转移修复足踝部软组织缺损16例共16处。修补足部较远软组织缺损的皮瓣远端做成真皮下血管网皮瓣。结果 16例16处皮瓣全部成活。所有患者均获随访,随访时间平均22.5(12～39)个月,无并发症。14例皮瓣外形满意,2例皮瓣外形臃肿,予二期整形手术修薄皮瓣。所有移植皮瓣均无溃疡发生;有痛触觉,两点辨别觉4～9 mm;患肢步行正常。结论通过把穿支血管汇入腓肠神经营养血管最低点作为皮瓣联合蒂的皮瓣逆行转位,完成转移点下移,皮瓣仍能完好成活而且功能良好;同时满足了修复足部远端软组织缺损的需要;该术式简单易行,不需吻合血管,是修复足踝跟部软组织缺损比较理想的术式。     

掌背动脉皮穿支"哑铃型"筋膜皮瓣修复手指皮肤贯通缺损

目的 探讨掌背动脉皮穿支"哑铃型"筋膜皮瓣修复手指皮肤贯通缺损的治疗效果.方法 2006年2月至2009年8月,根据掌背动脉皮穿支的走行、分支与分布特点,将手背侧皮瓣设计成"哑铃型",转位修复手指皮肤贯通缺损9例.结果 术后皮瓣完全成活,创面一期愈合,随访1～18个月,皮瓣外形与手部功能恢复满意.结论 掌背动脉皮穿支"哑铃型"筋膜皮瓣是修复手指近节皮肤贯穿缺损的理想方法之一.     

带跗内侧动脉的足背动脉岛状皮瓣的应用

目的 足踝部组织缺损的修复。方法 用带跗内动脉的足背动脉岛状皮瓣修复足踝部组织缺损。结果 本组５例中，４例术后皮瓣全部成活，１例成活１／２，再行游离皮片移植后愈合，平均随访２１月，无疤痕溃破及疼痛。结论该皮瓣转移范围及切取范围均较大，皮瓣坚韧致密，取瓣区隐匿且不影响负重及行走，用于足踝部缺损修复效果较好。     

掌背动脉皮穿支"哑铃型"筋膜皮瓣修复手指皮肤贯通缺损

目的 探讨掌背动脉皮穿支"哑铃型"筋膜皮瓣修复手指皮肤贯通缺损的治疗效果.方法 2006年2月至2009年8月,根据掌背动脉皮穿支的走行、分支与分布特点,将手背侧皮瓣设计成"哑铃型",转位修复手指皮肤贯通缺损9例.结果 术后皮瓣完全成活,创面一期愈合,随访1～18个月,皮瓣外形与手部功能恢复满意.结论 掌背动脉皮穿支"哑铃型"筋膜皮瓣是修复手指近节皮肤贯穿缺损的理想方法之一.