鼻声反射结合鼻内镜检查评价功能性鼻内镜手术对慢性鼻窦炎的疗效

目的：运用鼻声反射结合鼻内镜检查评价功能性鼻内镜手术对慢性鼻窦炎的疗效。方法：分别于术前及术后4周对60例接受FESS的慢性鼻窦炎患者,使用鼻声反射仪器检测手术治疗前后鼻腔最小横截面积（MCSA）、鼻腔容积（NV）及鼻气道阻力（NAR）的变化,结合鼻内镜的检查,评估手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎的效果。结果：功能性鼻内镜手术后,鼻内镜下见患者各组鼻窦开放良好,同时MCSA、NV增加,NAR降低,与术前相比具有显著的统计学意义。结论：鼻声反射结合鼻内镜检查作为手术前后鼻功能的检测手段,可对手术疗效进行客观的综合评价。     

内镜鼻窦手术前后鼻气道阻力和嗅觉功能的测试结果

目的　定量分析内镜鼻窦手术前后患者鼻气道阻力和嗅觉功能的变化。方法　采用前鼻测压法和T&T标准试嗅法对 12 7例慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者鼻气道阻力和嗅觉功能进行测试。结果　①患者鼻气道阻力的增加和嗅觉障碍的程度基本上随临床分期的增高而呈加重的趋势 ;②内镜鼻窦手术后 ,患者的鼻腔通气状况及嗅觉功能得到明显改善 ,总有效率分别为 93 4 % (85 / 91)和71 9% (6 4 / 89) ;③变应性因素是影响术后鼻功能改善的主要原因之一。结论　鼻气道阻力和嗅觉功能测试作为鼻功能的检测手段 ,可广泛的应用于内镜鼻窦手术前后。     

鼻内镜鼻窦手术对鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者嗅觉功能及鼻腔容积的影响

目的 研究鼻内镜鼻窦手术对鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者气道阻力及鼻腔容积的影响。 方法 选择2012年4月至2015年3月收治的85例鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组45例和对照组40例,观察组接受鼻内镜手术,对照组接受常规手术。比较两组患者的气道阻力、嗅觉功能、鼻腔容积与鼻腔最小横截面积。 结果 术后1、4、8、12周时,观察组鼻气道阻力明显低于对照组(P均<0.05),同时观察组嗅觉功能明显低于对照组(P<0.05);术后8、12周时,观察组鼻腔容积(NCV)、鼻腔最小横截面面积(NMCA)均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。 结论 鼻内镜鼻窦手术有助于增大鼻腔容积与鼻腔最小横截面面积,降低气道阻力,改善嗅觉功能。     

高渗盐水鼻腔冲洗对慢性鼻窦炎和鼻息肉术后黏膜功能恢复的意义

鼻内镜鼻窦手术是治疗慢性鼻窦炎和鼻息肉的有效方法,术后定期复查和综合治疗有助于巩固手术效果.本研究以慢性鼻窦炎和鼻息肉术后患者为对象,观察高渗盐水鼻腔冲洗对黏膜功能恢复的意义,现报告如下.     

鼻内镜手术前后嗅觉功能变化及相关因素分析

嗅觉障碍是鼻科临床常见的症状，鼻内镜手术使鼻腔鼻窦内机械性阻塞因素被清除，鼻腔通气引流状况及嗅觉功能得到明显改善。为了观察鼻内镜术后嗅觉功能变化情况，我们对79例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者内镜手术前后的嗅觉变化情况进行动态观察，总结嗅觉恢复的规律。     

嗅觉障碍患者鼻内镜术后嗅黏膜形态学观察

目的 观察嗅觉丧失患者鼻内镜术后嗅觉不同恢复程度、不同时间嗅黏膜的组织学情况.方法 按孙安纳法配制试嗅液,选取慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉嗅觉丧失患者33例(60侧)功能性鼻内镜术后第4、12、24周测试嗅觉并取嗅区黏膜.术后24周随机选取嗅觉恢复正常、部分恢复和无恢复每组各5例和2例正常者的嗅区黏膜行透射电镜观察.结果 术前嗅上皮均表现为不同程度的损伤.术后4周细胞损伤程度加重.术后12周嗅觉完全或部分恢复组,细胞形态趋于正常,组间无明显差别.嗅觉无恢复组,细胞形态改善.术后24周,嗅觉完全或部分恢复组,细胞形态恢复正常,较术后12周时好,比对照组更佳.嗅觉无恢复组,细胞形态趋于正常.结论 慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉嗅觉障碍与嗅上皮形态学异常有关.鼻腔通气引流和细胞形态学恢复是嗅觉恢复的必要条件.     

青少年慢性鼻窦炎和鼻息肉鼻内镜手术综合治疗的疗效观察

目的评估青少年慢性鼻窦炎和/或鼻息肉的鼻内镜手术综合治疗的疗效.方法回顾性分析1994年12月～2002年12月间149例(298侧)青少年慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉或两者兼有者的鼻内镜手术综合治疗情况和近期随访结果.结果随访6月～1年,Ⅰ～Ⅲ型总有效率为96.0%(143/149).93.7%的患者术后获得嗅觉的恢复或改善.结论鼻内镜手术综合治疗青少年慢性鼻窦炎和/或鼻息肉,可以获得较好的疗效,有利于青少年鼻及鼻窦生理功能的维护和改善.     

嗅觉障碍与慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者鼻腔鼻窦形态的相关性研究

目的:观察伴有嗅觉障碍的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者鼻腔鼻窦形态及其影像学表现,探讨嗅觉障碍与鼻腔鼻窦形态和影像改变的相关性。方法:对176例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者测试嗅觉功能,同时行鼻窦CT和鼻内镜检查,进行Lund-Mackey鼻窦CT评分及Kennedy鼻内镜评分,并观察嗅裂区阻塞情况,对检查及评分结果进行统计学分析。结果:①30例患者嗅觉正常(17.1%),109例患者有不同程度的嗅觉减退(61.9%),37例患者嗅觉丧失(21%);②Lund-Mackey鼻窦CT评分与嗅觉障碍的程度存在正相关(P<0.01);③Kennedy鼻内镜评分的变化与嗅觉障碍程度正相关(P<0.05)。结论:①嗅觉功能障碍与慢性鼻-鼻窦炎相关;②Lund-Mackey鼻窦CT评分系统对于嗅觉障碍的初步判断有一定临床意义;③Kennedy鼻内镜评分系统更侧重于评价鼻腔总体形态的改变。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者症状学特点及内镜鼻窦手术后主要症状的转归

目的：探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者的症状学特点及内镜鼻窦手术前后患者主观症状的变化。方法：采用视觉模拟量表对119例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者（52例不伴鼻息肉和67例伴鼻息肉）的鼻塞、头昏（头痛）、面部疼痛（胀满感）、嗅觉障碍和鼻分泌物（后鼻漏）5个主要症状进行评分,比较内镜鼻窦手术前和手术后12个月评分的变化。结果：伴和不伴鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者出现最多的症状均依次为鼻塞、鼻分泌物（后鼻漏）、头昏（头痛）、面部疼痛（胀满感）和嗅觉障碍。不伴鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者较伴鼻息肉者鼻分泌物评分显著增高（P〈0．01）,但嗅觉障碍评分者显著降低（P〈0．01）。在最令人困扰的症状方面,不伴鼻息肉和伴鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者分别是鼻分泌物（后鼻漏）和嗅觉障碍。术后伴鼻息肉和不伴鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者各个症状出现的频率和评分均较术前显著降低（P〈0．01）。结论：伴鼻息肉和不伴鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者症状学具有不同的特点,内镜鼻窦手术可以显著改善患者的主观症状,视觉模拟量表评估患者的主观症状是一简便、易于开展的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎疗效主观评估方法。     

功能性鼻内镜手术对慢性鼻窦炎患者嗅觉的影响

目的研究慢性鼻窦炎伴嗅觉障碍患者行功能性鼻内镜手术前后嗅觉功能的改变,探讨慢性鼻窦炎嗅觉功能与鼻内镜手术的关系,并用透射电镜观察手术对嗅区黏膜超微结构的影响,为临床治疗慢性鼻窦炎患者的嗅觉障碍提供理论依据。方法对慢性鼻窦炎伴嗅觉功能障碍患者行功能性鼻内镜手术,于术前及术后6个月观察嗅觉功能变化并切取嗅区黏膜于透射电镜下观察超微结构。结果术后嗅觉及嗅上皮的超微结构均有不同程度的改善,主观嗅觉改善率为97%;异常超微结构由术前的100%降为20%。结论炎症导致的嗅上皮细胞由表及里各层的超微结构异常与嗅觉功能减退有关。功能性鼻内镜手术改善通气功能后及黏膜炎性反应消除后,随着嗅上皮超微结构的恢复,嗅觉也会有不同程度的改善。     

内镜鼻窦手术前后鼻气道阻力和嗅觉功能的测试结果

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively analyse the changes of nasal airway resistance (NAR) and olfactory function in patients before and after endoscopic sinus surgery(ESS). METHODS: NAR and olfactory functions in 127 patients suffering from chronic sinusitis and/or nasal polyps were measured with anterior rhinomanometry and T&T olfactometer standard odors. RESULTS: 1. The degree of NAR increased and olfactory dysfunction were accompanied with varied clinic classifications. 2. After the ESS, NAR decreased and olfactory functions improved obviously, the effective rates were 93.4% (85/91) and 71.9% (64/89) respectively. 3. Allergy was one of the major factors that affected the outcome of nasal function after ESS. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The improvements of NAR and olfactory function in patients with chronic sinusitis and polyps were significant after ESS. 2. As the determining method of nasal function, the measurement of NAR and olfactory function ought to be used widely in clinical practice.     

Turbinate hypertrophy in habitual snorers and patients with obstructive sleep apnea: Findings of acoustic rhinometry

Forty-five habitual snorers (mean respiratory disturbance index = 6) and 22 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (mean respiratory disturbance index = 36) were examined by polysom-nography, radiocephalometry, rhinomanometry, na-sopharyngeal videoendoscopy, and acoustic rhinometry. In 97% of these patients, hypertrophy of the inferior nasal turbinates was found by acoustic rhinometry, while increased nasal resistance of various degrees was measured in 93% of all patients by active anterior rhinomanometry. Acoustic rhinometry demonstrated that the most resistive segment was located in the anterior parts of the nasal cavity and was built up by two compartments: the region of the isthmus nasi and the region of the head of the inferior turbinate. In our snoring patients, the cross-sectional areas at the head of the inferior turbinate were always smaller than the cross-sectional areas in the isthmus nasi, which in normal controls presented the minimal cross-sectional values of the whole nasal cavity. While rhinomanometry can only measure the amount of nasal resistance, acoustic rhinometry can clearly determine the exact size and location of the different stenoses in the nasal cavity that contribute to the increased nasal resistance.     

Acoustic rhinometry compared with anterior rhinomanometry in the assessment of the response to nasal allergen challenge

Acoustic rhinometry was used to assess nasal airway patency objectively and was compared with the more established method of anterior rhinomanometry. Ten patients with allergic rhinitis underwent 15 nasal challenges with allergen to which they showed positive skin-prick tests. Responses were assessed by measuring the minimum nasal cross-sectional area (Amin.) using acoustic rhinometry and by measuring nasal airway resistance (NAR) using anterior rhinomanometry. The measurements of Amin. and NAR showed a significant negative correlation. Acoustic rhinometry appears to be superior to anterior rhinomanometry in quantifying the response to nasal allergen challenge and may be particularly useful in patients with initial nasal blockage.     

鼻阻塞的主观评价与客观鼻测量的相关性研究

目的 探讨鼻阻塞时检查者和患者的主观评价与客观鼻测量之间是否有相关性.方法 检查者和患者均采用视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)对鼻阻塞程度进行评价.客观鼻测量采用主动后鼻测压仪和鼻声反射测量仪进行.以配对t检验分析检查者的临床评价和患者VAS均数的差异,以Spearman等级相关分析评价客观鼻测量结果单侧鼻气流阻力与单侧鼻道容积、单侧鼻腔最小横截面积的关系,以及检查者的临床评价、患者VAS与上述客观鼻测最结果的相关性.结果 本组病例经统计学分析,316例患者中,减充血前后单侧鼻气流阻力与单侧鼻道容积、单侧鼻腔最小横截面积间呈负相关(r值分别为-0.430、-0.554、-0.373、-0.600,P值均＜0.001).减充血前后,检查者的临床评价与患者VAS均数呈正相关,差异均有统计学意义(r值分别为0.630、0.526,P值均＜0.001),二者均与鼻气流阻力有一定的正相关关系(减充血前:检查者的临床评价与鼻气流阻力r=0.530,P=0.000,患者VAS与鼻气流阻力r=0.351,P=0.000;减充血后:检查者的临床评价与鼻气流阻力r=0.452,P=0.000,患者VAS与鼻气流阻力r=0.216,P=0.000),与鼻道容积和鼻腔最小横截面积均有一定的负相关关系(减充血前:检查者的临床评价与鼻道容积r=-0.411,P=0.000,患者VAS与鼻道容积r=-0.325,P=0.000,检查者的临床评价与鼻腔最小横截面积r=-0.507,P=0.000,患者VAS与鼻腔最小横截面积r=-0.384,P=0.000;减充血后:检查者的临床评价与鼻道容积r=-0.391,P=0.000,患者VAS与鼻道容积r=-0.209,P=0.000,检查者的临床评价与鼻腔最小横截面积r=-0.471,P=0.000,患者VAS与鼻腔最小横截面积r=-0.286,P=0.000).检查者的临床评价与客观鼻测量参数的相关系数大于患者VAS与客观鼻测最参数的相关系数.结论 鼻阻力测压与鼻声反射测量的结果有一定的相关性.检查者的临床评价与患者VAS存在一定的正相关关系.两者均与客观鼻测量参数存在一定的直线相关关系.     

Postoperative evaluation of olfactory dysfunction in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis – comparison of histopathological and clinical findings

Abstract

Background: Olfactory dysfunction in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is poorly understood.

Objective: To compare olfactory mucosal injury due to eosinophil infiltration in ECRS with postoperative olfactory function.

Methods: Seventeen ECRS patients (ECRS group) and 18 bilateral rhinosinusitis (non-ECRS group) patients were compared. At 3 and 12 months post-endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), all patients were evaluated for subjective symptoms (nasal obstruction, nasal discharge and olfactory dysfunction), endoscopic nasal findings, CT score and T&T olfactometer recognition threshold test. The eosinophil count, OMP-positive cells and epithelial erosion in olfactory mucosa collected during ESS were compared with the postoperative olfactory function.

Results: The non-ECRS group showed significant improvement in all clinical findings at 3 and 12 months, but the ECRS group showed worsening of the olfactory dysfunction symptoms and T&T olfactometer recognition threshold at 12 months because of recurrence of sinusitis. The groups differed significantly in the ΔT&T value (i.e. pre-ESS T&T recognition threshold – post-ESS T&T recognition threshold) at both 3 and 12 months, and the degree of olfactory improvement differed. Histologically, the ECRS group showed significantly more eosinophils, fewer OMP-positive cells and greater epithelial erosion than the non-ECRS group.

Conclusions: Eosinophilic inflammation was thought to cause olfactory mucosal injury/dysfunction.     

接触性头痛患者手术前后鼻气道阻力变化

目的：研究接触性头痛患者手术前后鼻气道阻力（NAR）的变化。方法：利用前鼻测压法对20例（40侧）接触性头痛患者手术前后、鼻减充血前后的NAR进行研究。结果：随访6个月,痊愈16例（85％）,有效3例（15％）,无效1例（5％）,有效率95％。术后NAR明显下降,手术前术侧喷麻黄碱前后NAR分别为（-0．34土O．23）和（-0．75±0．21）kPa·s／L;手术后分别为（0．68±0．20）和（-0．74±0．16）kPa·s／L,两者相比差异有统计学意义（P％0．05）。结论：内镜手术对接触性头痛患者鼻通气功能的改善主要是由于鼻腔结构的改变和黏膜肿胀的消退,测定NAR对于客观评价接触性头痛患者接触点的解除具有重要临床意义。     

Monitoring methods of nasal pathology

The importance of correct clinical and therapeutic monitoring of allergic rhinitis is understandable in the light of the social and economic impact of this pathology: its prevalence is over 10% of the total population all over the world. For the evaluation of the local nasal pathology we include: (1) anterior rhinoscopy, (2) active anterior rhinomanometry, (3) positioned acoustic rhinometry, (4) determination of mucociliary transport time, (5) specific nasal provocation test. Active anterior rhinomanometry allows reliable assessment of the nasal respiratory function, acoustic rhinometry shows the geometry of nasal cavity, mucociliary transport time is an indicator of the mucosa eutrophism. In our experience, the specific nasal provocation test is one of the most important tests in this field. It is more sensitive than the skin test and the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) in the asymptomatic phase and it is able to show organ allergies. In this study we review the importance of this test and the methodology we commonly use.     

内窥镜鼻窦手术前后鼻气道阻力的变化

目的研究内窥镜鼻窦手术对鼻气道阻力的影响及后者与鼻气流感觉的关系。方法利用前鼻测压法及视觉类比法对４２例（５０侧）慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者手术前后、鼻减充血前后的鼻气道阻力和主观症状评分进行研究。结果术后鼻气道阻力明显下降,手术前后鼻气道阻力变化率喷麻黄素前后分别为（５５．７１±１３．９０）％和（２４．３２±８．７３）％,两者相比差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）;术前喷麻黄素前鼻气道阻力与主观鼻气流感觉显著相关（Ｐ＜０．０５,ｒ＝０．４２）。结论内窥镜鼻窦手术对鼻通气功能的改善主要是由于粘膜肿胀的消退而非鼻腔结构的改变;测定鼻气道阻力对于客观评价鼻通气功能仍具重要临床意义。     

内窥镜鼻窦手术前后鼻气道阻力的变化

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of endoscopic sinus surgery(ESS) on nasal airway resistance (NAR) and to analyze the relationship between NAR and nasal airflow sensation. METHODS: The NAR and nasal airflow sensation were measured with anterior rhinomanometry and visual analogous scale test (VAS) in 42 patients (50 sides) before and after the ESS. RESULTS: NAR decreased significantly after the operation. The change rates in NAR before and after the decongestion were (55.71 +/- 13.90)% and (24.32 +/- 8.73)%, respectively, and there was a significant difference (P < 0.05). The pathological increase in NAR correlated well with subjective sensation of the patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The improvement of nasal functions by ESS is not due to the alteration of the anatomic structure of the nasal cavity, but to the amelioration of mucosal edema. The rhinomanometry can be used as a useful clinical tool in determining nasal patency.     

鼻声反射测量法（鼻中隔矫正术前后对比）

鼻声反射测量法（ａｃｏｕｓｔｉｃｒｈｉｎｏｍｅｔｒｙ，ＡＲ）是一种客观测量鼻腔几何形态、截面积及容积的新方法。３６例鼻中隔偏曲患者接受ＡＲ检查并与２１名正常人作比较，均为高加索人种；１８例患者作了鼻中隔纠正术前与术后的对比。结果显示鼻腔最狭窄面积（ＭＣＳＡ）位于鼻腔前部，与鼻气道阻力（ＶＡＲ）主要产生部位相吻合；术后ＭＣＳＡ增加伴ＮＡＲ降低，提示ＭＣＳＡ能较好地反映鼻腔通气功能，但鼻腔容积并不是评价鼻腔通气功能的敏感指标。由于鼻气流感觉与ＮＡＲ非同一概念，在解释ＡＲ和前鼻测压法检查结果及与主观症状关系时应谨慎，手术适应证的选择及疗效的评价应综合判断。