脑肿瘤中P53蛋白的表达及Ki－67LI的相关性研究

利用突变型Ｐ５３蛋白的单抗及Ｋｉ－６７单抗对５０例冰冻标本进行检测，结果发现，脑肿瘤中突变型Ｐ５３蛋白的表达阳性率为４６％。低恶度胶质瘤、高恶度胶质瘤及转移癌中Ｐ５３蛋白表达的阳性率不同，分别为１８．２％、５３．８％及１００％。Ｐ５３蛋白表达阳性的肿瘤中高Ｋｉ－６７ＬＩ比例为７０％，其中位数及均数为１４．３％、２０．７６±１８．３（％），而无Ｐ５３蛋白表达的脑瘤中，ｋｉ－６７ＬＩ中位数及均数分别为１．３９及５．１９±９．０（％）。结果表明，突变型Ｐ５３蛋白的表达与脑肿瘤的组织类型，分化程度及细胞的增殖有关，而它的高表达又可能是肿瘤恶性表型或转移的标志之一。     

人脑瘤增殖特性的研究—核仁组织区染色及Ki—67免疫染色

利用Ｋｉ－６７免疫染色及ＡｇＮＯＲ嗜银染色对６例正常脑组织、４４例脑肿瘤及４个恶性胶质瘤体外细胞系的增殖活性进行检测，结果发现Ｋｉ－６７ＬＩ及ＡｇＮＯＲ平均计数都与肿瘤的病理组织学类型及分级有明显关系；且Ｋｉ－６７与ＡｇＮＯＲ平均计数有显著相关性（ｒ＝０．７３，Ｐ＜０．００５）。我们结果提示应用Ｋｉ－６７单抗及ＡｇＮＯＲ染色估价脑肿瘤增殖活性是一项简便、快速而可靠的技术，它提供了较组织学诊断更加精     

人脑瘤增殖特性的研究──核仁组织区染色及Ki－67免疫染色

利用Ｋｉ－６７免疫染色及ＡｇＮＯＲ嗜银染色对６例正常脑组织、４４例脑肿瘤及４个恶性胶质瘤体外细胞系的增殖活性进行检测，结果发现Ｋｉ－６７ＬＩ及ＡｇＮＯＲ平均计数都与肿瘤的病理组织学类型及分级有明显关系；且Ｋｉ－６７ＬＩ与ＡｇＮｏＲ平均计数有显著相关性（ｒ＝０．７３，Ｐ＜０．００５）。我们结果提示应用Ｋｉ－６７单抗及ＡｇＮＯＲ染色估价脑肿瘤增殖活性是一项简便、快速而可靠的技术，它提供了较组织学诊断更加精确的脑肿瘤增殖能力的信息，是对病理学诊断重要的补充和参考。     

脑星形胶质细胞瘤组织P21~(WAF1/CIP1)mRNA的表达与p53基因突变的关系

目的：探讨脑星形胶质细胞瘤组织Ｐ２１~(WAF1/CIP1) ｍＢＮＡ的表达与p~(53)基因突变的关系及其意义。方法：应用 ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ、ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ方法对３８ 例新鲜脑星形胶质细胞瘤组织中上述两种基因进行研究。结果：p~(53)基因在脑星形胶质细胞瘤组织中的突变率为２８．９％（１１／３８），且在Ⅲ、Ⅳ级肿瘤突变率显著高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者（Ｐ＜０.０５）；Ｐ２１~(WAF1/CIP1)ｍＲＮＡ在Ⅲ，Ⅳ级中的表达显著低于Ⅰ～Ⅱ级肿瘤组织（Ｐ＜０．０１）；１１例p~(53)基因突变组中，Ｐ２１~(WAF1/CIP1)ｍＲＮＡ表达阳性率明显低于２７例p~(53)基因未突变组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：脑星形胶质细胞瘤组织中Ｐ２１~(WAF1/CIP1)ｍＲＮＡ的低表达可能与p~(53)基因突变有关。     

儿童恶性脑胶质瘤P53与细胞增殖核抗原表达的预后价值

目的探讨Ｐ５３与细胞增殖核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）在儿童恶性脑胶质瘤表达的预后价值。方法采用ＡＢＣ免疫组化方法对３３例儿童恶性脑胶质瘤Ｐ５３与ＰＣＮＡ表达进行回顾性研究。结果３３例儿童恶性脑胶质瘤中Ｐ５３表达阳性１５例（４５％），ＰＣＮＡ表达阳性２９例（８８％）。间变性星形细胞瘤、胶质母细胞瘤及髓母细胞瘤Ｐ５３蛋白表达的阳性比例分别为５／１２、９／１６、１／５，肿瘤Ｐ５３蛋白阴性者其细胞增殖活性均较阴性者高（Ｐ＜００５）；ＰＣＮＡ标记指数与肿瘤的恶性程度呈正相关（Ｐｅａｒｓｏｎ列联系数＝０．５６，Ｐ＜００１）。Ｐ５３或ＰＣＮＡ表达阳性者存活率分别显著低于Ｐ５３或ＰＣＮＡ表达阴性者（Ｐ＜００５，Ｐ＜００１）。结论Ｐ５３基因突变以及由此导致的细胞异常增殖与儿童恶性脑胶质瘤的发生和发展有关；ＰＣＮＡ能较好地反映胶质瘤的恶性程度，其表达检测对临床预后判定有重要参考价值。     

人脑肿瘤转化生长因子β_2基因表达与其增殖活性相关性研究

目的探讨人脑肿瘤转化生长因子β２（ＴＧＦβ２）基因表达与其恶性进展及增殖活性的相关性。方法采用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交、免疫组化和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ杂交法检测了５０例胶质瘤、３０例脑膜瘤、３个恶性胶质瘤体外细胞系和８例正常脑组织ＴＧＦβ２的表达水平。用Ｋｉ６７标记指数（Ｋｉ６７ＬＩ）检测肿瘤增殖活性。结果正常脑组织无ＴＧＦβ２表达，而脑肿瘤均表达２８ｋｂ和／或５１ｋｂＴＧＦβ２ｍＲＮＡ片段和约２５ｋｄ及３０ｋｄ的蛋白；其在胶质瘤中的表达显著高于脑膜瘤，而低恶度胶质瘤（Ⅰ、Ⅱ）、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级胶质瘤、体外细胞系四者表达水平也有显著性差异；ＴＧＦβ２表达水平与Ｋｉ６７ＬＩ呈正相关。结论ＴＧＦβ２表达水平有随肿瘤增殖活性增高而升高的趋势，提示其可能为胶质瘤恶性进展的重要原因之一。且有可能作为基因治疗的候选基因     

人脑星形细胞肿瘤中FHIT、PCNA蛋白表达关系的研究

目的研究人脑星形细胞肿瘤中FHIT、PCNA蛋白的差异表达，探讨它们与病理分级之间的关系。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测了50例星形细胞肿瘤中不同级别的FHIT、PCNA蛋白的表达水平，以10例非肿瘤脑组织作对照。结果非肿瘤脑组织FHIT、PCNA蛋白阳性表达率分别为100％，0％，星形细胞肿瘤中FHIT、PCNA蛋白阳性表达率分别为40％，86％；尽管在星形细胞肿瘤中FHIT、PCNA蛋白表达总体差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），但Ⅲ级与Ⅳ级比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；经统计学分析FHIT、PCNA蛋白呈显著负相关（P〈0．01）。结论FHIT、PCNA蛋白的表达可能与星形细胞肿瘤的恶性程度有关，星形细胞肿瘤中FHIT、PCNA蛋白表达之间的显著负相关，提示FHIT蛋白可能对细胞增殖具有负性调控作用。     

bFGF及其受体在脑星形细胞瘤中的表达及意义

检测碱性纤维母细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧ）及其受体（ｂＦＧＦ－Ｒ）在脑星形细胞瘤中的表达,并探讨其意义。方法应用ｂＦＧＦ、ｂＦＧＦ－Ｒ、增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）的抗血清对２６例人脑星形细胞瘤进行了免疫组织化学染色。结果（１）在星形细胞瘤中,ｂＦＧＦ、ｂＦＧＦ－Ｒ及ＰＣＮＡ均有表达,高级别星形细胞瘤中ｂＦＧＦ、ｂＦＧＦ－Ｒ及ＰＣＮＡ的表达均高于低级别者（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（２）ｂＦＧＦ分别与ｂＦＧＦ－Ｒ和ＰＣＮＡ在星形细胞瘤中的表达阳性率之间呈正相关关系,相关系数ｒｓ分别为０．６７和０．５２（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论初步揭示了脑星形细胞瘤中ｂＦＧＦ的来源和表达特点,证明ｂＦＧＦ在肿瘤恶变过程中可能发挥重要作用。     

脑星形胶质细胞瘤组织P21^WAF1／CIP1mRNA的表达与p53？…

目的：探讨脑星形胶质细胞瘤组织Ｐ２１＾ＷＡＦ１／ＣＩＰ２ｍＲＮＡ的表达与ｐ５３基因突变的关系及其意义。方法：应用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ、ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ方法对３８例新鲜脑星形胶质细胞瘤组织中上述两种基因进行研究。结果：ｐ５３基因在脑星形胶质细胞瘤组织中的突变率为２８．９％（１１／３８），且在Ⅲ、Ⅳ级肿瘤突变率显著高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者（Ｐ〈０．０５）；Ｐ２１＾ＷＡＦ１／ＣＩＰ１ｍＲＮＡ在Ⅲ，Ⅳ级中的表达显著低于Ⅰ～     

Bcl-2和Bax蛋白在人脑星形细胞瘤中的表达及意义

目的　研究 Ｂｃｌ２ 和 Ｂａｘ 蛋白与人脑星形细胞瘤发生的关系。方法　收集人脑星形细胞瘤标本５８ 例, 行 Ｓ Ｐ 染色。结果　 Ｂｃｌ２ 在星形细胞瘤中阳性表达率为５６９ ％ , 且表达率随肿瘤恶性程度的增加而增高。 Ｂａｘ 的表达率为５５２ ％ , 显著高于对照组。 Ｂｃｌ２ 表达阳性的肿瘤中 Ｂａｘ 蛋白表达率（６６７ ％ ） 显著高于 Ｂｃｌ２ 表达阴性的肿瘤（４００ ％ ） 。结论　 Ｂｃｌ２ 和 Ｂａｘ 蛋白的表达与星形细胞瘤的发生和发展有较密切的关系, 且它们在星形细胞瘤的发生中可能存在相互作用的关系。     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Relationship Between Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Age and IQ in Preschool and School-Age Children and Adolescents with Autism and with ADHD

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - Relationships between sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and age and IQ were investigated in children with autism and/or ADHD covering broader age and IQ...     

Synaptic plasticity and learning and memory: LTP and beyond.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic activity is by far the most popular and widely researched model of synaptic plastic changes that might occur during learning. Numerous recent reports, however, have not found a correlation between the inducibility of LTP in the hippocampus and the ability of animals to learn hippocampus-dependent tasks. For example, some experiments with gene deletion (knockout) mice strains have shown that in some strains LTP is not inducible in the dentate gyrus, in area CA3, or CA1, but the animals are still able to learn spatial tasks. This apparent mismatch has rejuvenated the discussion concerning whether LTP is a good model for mechanisms that underlie memory formation in the nervous system. This review analyzes the conditions under which LTP is induced or learning takes place and suggests reasons for the mismatches that can occur and what we can learn from them. High-frequency stimulation protocols and in vitro assays cannot be seen to resemble natural firing patterns or conditions found in the brain. More physiological experimental conditions, especially in vivo recording in awake animals, could lead the way to the development of improved models of learning mechanisms that better correlate with learning abilities of animals.