钼靶、超声、乳管镜下放置定位针在引导切除触诊阴性乳腺病变中的应用探讨

目的 探讨钼靶、超声、乳管镜三种不同方法放置定位针在引导切除触诊阴性乳腺病变（NPBL）中的应用。方法 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院于2013年6月至2014年12月间对83例临床NPBL病人进行手术,根据检出病灶的影像学方法及病灶特性的不同,术前分别采用钼靶、超声、乳管镜等不同方法放置定位针,引导切除病灶。回顾性分析病人的影像学检查、穿刺定位方法、手术情况、病理组织学及综合治疗情况。结果 钼靶下穿刺定位并接受手术的乳腺钙化灶27例,术后证实27例钙化灶均准确切除,定位针均较好固定于病变附近,术后病理学检查证实恶性病变8例。超声下穿刺定位并接受手术的乳腺病变32例,病理学检查证实准确切除病灶30例,未见明确病灶2例,术后病理学检查证实恶性病变4例。乳管镜下放置定位针或联合亚甲蓝染色并接受手术的乳腺导管内占位性病变24例,术后病理学检查证实24例病人均准确切除病灶,除1例回形头脱落外,其余23例定位针均较好固定于病变乳管侧壁,术后病理学检查证实恶性病变5例。结论 钼靶、超声及乳管镜放置定位针引导切除NPBL,提高了临床中手术切除NPBL的准确性,有助于NPBL的定性诊断,促进触诊阴性乳腺癌病灶的早发现与早诊断,提高了乳腺癌的诊断水平。     

乳腺钼靶定位体表标记在触诊阴性乳腺钙化灶开放活检中的应用

目的 探讨乳腺钼靶定位体表标记在触诊阴性乳腺钙化灶开放活检中的临床价值。方法 2018年9月～2023年8月,对63例临床触诊阴性而乳腺钼靶显示有可疑钙化灶65个,采用自创的乳腺钼靶定位体表标记方法,行开放活检手术,分析可疑钙化灶的完整切除成功率及病理结果。结果 65个乳腺钙化灶经定位后均完整切除。其中一次完整切除钙化灶64个(98.5%),1个病灶2次手术完整切除。术中钼靶可见切缘>2 mm且<1 cm。病理诊断良性病变47个(乳腺增生16个,纤维腺瘤14个,硬化性腺病6个,导管内乳头状瘤3个,乳腺黏液性囊肿1个,非典型增生5个,小叶原位癌2个),恶性病变18个(导管原位癌15个,导管原位癌伴微浸润2个,浸润性非特殊型癌1个)。结论 对于触诊阴性乳腺钙化灶活检,乳腺钼靶定位体表标记可以满足定位要求,简单易学,且花费少,安全性高,对早期乳腺癌的检出具有重要意义。     

钼靶联合超声引导双定位法在乳腺微钙化灶活检中的 临床应用研究

目的:探讨钼靶X线与超声联合定位在乳腺微钙化灶活检中的临床应用价值。方法:在钼靶下对微钙化病灶三维定位,插入双钩定位针,到达病灶后固定位置;以超声探查双钩针,找到病灶的位置后,划出皮肤标记线,再插入单钩定位针;在标记线上作3 cm切口,用特制拉钩显露并固定病灶部位的乳腺组织和单钩针,对微钙化病灶区进行旋切;切下的圆柱体标本,放在带刻度的标本台上摄片,验证钙化灶是否已被完全切除,同时确定钙化灶在标本中的三维位置供病理检查。结果:共108例乳腺微钙化病灶分类为BI-RADS 4A的患者采用以上方法。定位时病灶距双钩针距离平均为4.1 mm(小于传统方法),标本平均重量为8.5 g(小于传统方法),病灶全部被一次性精准切除。108例中阳性20例,包括不典型增生7例,导管原位癌7例,导管原位癌伴局灶浸润性癌3例,浸润性导管癌3例;阴性病例88例。微钙化灶部位及形态与乳腺癌检出无明显关系(均P0.05)。结论:钼靶X线与超声联合定位对病灶定位准确、手术方法合理、切除标本小,并能提供病灶在标本中的精确位置进行病理检查;良性者乳房外形完全没有改变。     

乳腺微小钙化灶的外科微创治疗

目的探讨乳腺微小钙化灶的外科微创治疗。方法采用意大利IMS生产的GITTOHI—TECH高频钼靶X线机及其配套的数字化立体定位活检系统,对30例钼靶X片上乳腺有微小钙化病灶、无任何临床体征的患者,在X线定位下穿刺活检,进行病理组织学检查。明确诊断后采取相应的手术方式治疗。结果全部病灶定位准确,病变完全切除并明确诊断。浸润性导管癌3例(10%),导管内癌6例(20%),重度不典型增生2例(6.7%),纤维腺瘤6例(20%),导管内乳头状瘤3例(10%),乳腺增生病10例(33.3%)。无金属导丝折断现象,无感染、切口延迟愈合及气胸等并发症。结论对X线片显示有恶性可能的钙化病灶、而临床未触及肿块者,行乳腺钼靶引导下导丝定位活检,切除乳腺组织少,能确定乳腺微小病变的性质,对早期乳腺癌的诊断有重要价值。     

钼钯引导下导丝定位在乳腺微小钙化灶切除术中的应用价值

目的探讨钼钯引导下导丝定位在乳腺微小钙化灶切除术的临床应用价值。方法选取2012-06—2015-06间在郑州大学第三附属院经钼钯X线乳房摄片提示乳房微钙化灶的126例住院患者,彩超检查和扪诊均未发现肿块。在钼钯引导下导丝定位后,手术切除钙化灶。回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果本组钙化灶全部定位成功,均一次性完全切除。病理结果显示乳腺癌17例(导管原位癌11例、浸润性导管癌2例、导管内癌微浸润4例),良性病变(乳腺腺病、乳腺不典型增生和乳腺囊性增生)109例。结论对于彩超检查和扪诊均未发现的微小钙化灶,钼钯引导下导丝定位切除病变,定位准确性高,手术创伤小,手术时间短,有很高的临床应用价值。     

钼钯引导下体表定位在NPBL手术活检中应用的18例分析

目的:探讨钼靶下不能行导丝定位的18例NPBL患者,通过临床体表标记定位后予以切除,推广乳腺癌的早期诊断,明确改善患者的预后.方法:钼钯引导下临床体表定位后手术切检.结果:18例患者钙化灶中有3例经过两次切检将钙化灶切除,其余均一次就将钙化灶完整切除.术后病理结果:导管内癌伴早期浸润3例,浸润性导管癌2例,囊肿伴微钙化3例,小叶增生2例,导管内乳头状瘤1例,乳腺增生症伴微钙化2例;纤维腺瘤形成趋势2例,慢性炎症1例;脂肪坏死1例;1例是乳腺腺病,伴局部导管上皮中度非典型增生.结论:采用钼钯引导下体表定位活栓方法简单实用、定位直观、可提高定位阳性切检率.     

乳腺钼靶定位Mammotome微创活检临床应用价值

目的：评价乳腺钼靶立体定位Mammotome微创活检的临床应用。方法：对196例以钼靶发现钙化为主要临床表现的研究对象，在局麻下进行钙化灶的乳腺钼靶立体定位Mammotome微创活检，病理结果为恶性或可疑恶性的病例接受手术活检。对两者结果进行比较。并对研究对象进行随访。结果：196例经Mammotome微创活检病理结果乳腺病或纤维腺瘤145例，导管内癌（DCIS）20例，导管上皮不典型增生11例，浸润性癌9例，导管内癌伴早期浸润8例，乳腺炎症1例，脂肪坏死1例，不能诊断1例。病理符合率浸润性癌为88．9％，DCIS伴早期浸润为62．5％，DCIS为80．0％，不典型增生为81．8％。结论：乳腺钼靶立体定位Mammotome微创活检操作简便，定位准确，并发症少，是乳腺钼靶钙化尤其是可疑恶性病灶的首选方法。     

隐匿性乳房病灶的早期发现与治疗体会

１９９２年７月至１９９５年１１月，采用彩色Ｂ超声钼靶摄片共检出乳房隐匿性病灶１７０处，其中彩超发现１６０处，钼靶摄片检出１０处，分别在超声引导下行穿刺定位切除及囊肿抽吸治疗和钼靶摄片立体定位下细针穿刺活检与定位切除术，超声影像学检查指导手术符合率为９０％，并检出了３例隐匿性乳癌，钼靶摄片立体定位活检与切除手术病例较少，仅作一初步介绍。     

影像引导真空辅助乳腺穿刺活检诊断乳腺微钙化的研究

目的评价影像引导真空辅助空心针乳腺穿刺活检(vacuum-assisted breast biopsy,VAB)在诊断乳腺微钙化中的临床应用价值。方法 2012年12月~2014年8月,对42例钼靶诊断乳腺微钙化行VAB,美国放射学会乳腺影像报告与诊断系统(BI-RADS)分级3级5例,4级34例,5级3例。其中31例钼靶引导,11例超声引导。结果 42例活检标本在影像上都能观察到钙化灶并经病理证实,24例簇状钙化灶完全切除,2例簇状及16例非簇状钙化灶部分切除。病理诊断导管原位癌13例,浸润性导管癌5例,浸润性小叶癌1例,均行手术治疗,其余23例病理为良性。钼靶微钙化及超声微钙化诊断乳腺癌的阳性预测值分别为45.2%(19/42)及70.0%(14/20)(χ2=3.337,P=0.068)。超声微钙化诊断乳腺癌的阴性预测值为77.3%(17/22)。术后并发症包括穿刺部位渗血1例,皮下瘀斑4例。随访时间6~26个月,平均13个月。19例乳腺癌均无复发,23例良性患者切口愈合良好,乳房外观满意,未发现恶性肿瘤。结论钼靶能发现超声不能发现的乳腺微钙化灶,钼靶及超声发现的乳腺微钙化灶在乳腺癌的诊断中有重要价值,VAB诊断乳腺微钙化准确,微创,术后并发症少。     

乳腺钼靶X线三维立体定位系统引导下导丝定位活检的临床应用

目的探讨乳腺钼靶X线三维立体定位系统引导下导丝定位手术活检在临床不能触及肿块的乳腺病变中的价值及可行性。 方法回顾性研究2013年4月至2015年10月间收治的乳腺钼靶X线异常女性患者67例,对临床不能触及的乳腺病灶行导丝定位手术活检及病理检查。 结果67例病灶均一次定位成功,发现乳腺癌17例（25.4%）,癌前病变（导管上皮非典型增生及导管内乳头状瘤）13例（19.4%）,其他良性病变37例（55.2%）。影像表现为微钙化灶的46例病例中乳腺恶性病变共16例（34.8%）,癌前病变8例（17.4%）,其他良性病变22例（47.8%）;非钙化组的21例病例中良性病变20例（95.2%）,恶性病变1例（4.8%）。与影像表现为非钙化组比较,对于临床不能触及的乳腺病灶,乳腺钼靶X线影像表现为微钙化时乳腺癌检出率更高（χ²=5.369,P=0.021）。 结论钼靶X线三维立体定位系统引导下导丝定位活检可以发现容易漏诊的早期乳腺癌及癌前病变,该方法简便、准确,值得推广。     

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??Stereotactic guided mammotome biopsies in diagnosis of suspicious breast microcalcifications LEI Yu-tao*, HOU Kuan-yong, LIU Yi,et al.*General Suregery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191??China Corresponding author??LEI Yu-tao??E-mail??leiyt@vip.sina.com Abstract Objective To evaluate the clinical application of stereotactic guided Mammotome biopsy in the diagnosis of breast microcalcifications. Methods During November, 2007 and December, 2008, we diagnosed and treated 21 patients with 29 untouched calcification lesions, aged 28 to 67 with an average of 46.6. Excision or biopsy of the lesions was performed using Mammotome biopsy under stereotactic guidance, and then all cases were followed up in 1-9 months. Results 29 lesions from 21 patients were excised with stereotactic guided Mammotome biopsy. 15 lesions completely removed appeared as clustered calcifications in diameter <1cm. 5 lesions in 4 patients were diagnosed as DCIS, the others were showed to be hyperplasia, in which 7 lesions appeared as fibrocystic hyperplasia, 3 lesions accompany with varying degrees of ductal epithelial hyperplasia, and 1 lesion with papilloma formation. 1 patient after operation appeared hematoma at the puncture site, which absorbed naturally after 2 weeks.. In the follow-up study, 4 patients undergoing mastectomy appeared without recurrence, and others show no signs of malignancy. Conclusion Stereotactic guided Mammotome biopsy is position fixed accurately and minimally invasive to breast surgery, especially suitable for breast microcalcification.     

Percutaneous excisional biopsy of impalpable breast lesions under ultrasound visualization

Within the last ten years, the development of innovative minimally invasive breast biopsy technologies has made a significant impact on the diagnostic evaluation of impalpable breast lesions. The Mammotome minimally invasive biopsy system is a diagnostic tool used under stereotactic or ultrasound guidance. The minimally invasive biopsies for 143 impalpable breast lesions in 86 patients were performed using the B-ultrasound-guided 8-gauge vacuum-assisted Mammotome system at Jinan Military General Hospital. One hundred and forty-three breast lesions in 86 patients were excised completely using this method. The average biopsy procedure time was 17 min (range, 3–45 min). Clinically, suspicious lesions were satisfactorily confirmed by this system. One hundred and twenty-one lesions were diagnosed as fibroadenoma, nineteen lesions as breast adenosis, one lesion as invasive breast cancer, and two lesions as ductal carcinoma in situ. Skin ecchymosis was found in two patients. One hundred and thirty-two impalpable lesions were completely excised, as demonstrated by the follow-up ultrasound examination. The results suggest that the B-ultrasound-guided Mammotome system may be an efficient tool for the diagnosis and treatment of impalpable breast lesions.     

Mammotome微创旋切系统在乳腺外科中的应用(附132例分析)

目的探讨B超引导下Mammotome微创旋切系统对乳腺肿块诊断与治疗的应用价值.方法132例221处乳腺肿块在B超引导下进行Mammotome微创旋切术.其中一侧单发肿块79例,单侧或双侧多发肿块53例,直径0.5～5.2cm,平均1.4 cm,149处肿块临床可扪及.结果所有肿块均完成Mammotome微创旋切切除,平均旋切24次,平均36 min (10～40 min).无一例操作失败.所有肿块均获得明确病理诊断,良性病变129例,乳腺浸润性导管癌3例均行乳腺癌改良根治术.皮肤伤口小,除10例有轻度皮下瘀血外无其它并发症.结论B超引导Mammotome微创旋切系统进行乳腺肿块切除,操作简易,切除彻底,创伤小.     

手持式Mammotome系统在乳腺微创外科中的应用

目的 探讨B超引导下Mammotome系统对乳腺实质病灶的诊治价值及操作技巧。方法对81例87处乳腺病灶行B超引导下Mammotome微创旋切术，评价其对乳腺病灶的诊治效果。结果所有病灶均成功切除。87处乳腺病灶中，70处为纤维腺瘤，6处为腺瘤样增生，8处乳腺增生，1处为重度不典型增生，1处为乳头状增生活跃，1处为乳腺癌。结论手持式Mammotome微创旋切系统可有效治疗乳腺纤维瘤；能明确诊断可疑病灶，降低良性病变手术率。若为恶性可确定癌组织生物学特性并据此进行新辅助治疗。     

Percutaneous excisional breast biopsy

BACKGROUND: The utility of the vacuum-assisted breast biopsy device (VABB) under stereotactic guidance is well established. We hypothesized that the complete removal of small benign lesions under ultrasonography guidance in an outpatient setting could be obtained with minimal morbidity with the multidirectional hand held vacuum-assisted biopsy. METHODS: Patients enrolled in this study underwent an ultrasound-guided minimally invasive excisional breast biopsy through a 3-mm incision. Removal of the abnormality was accomplished with a handheld 8- or 11-gauge Mammotome. RESULTS: Eighty-one patients had 101 lesions excised. The average (+/- SD) age of the participants was 46.8 +/- 15.4 years. The average size of the lesions was 1.15 +/- 0.43 cm (range 0.5 cm to 2.0 cm). Ninety-four lesions (93%) had benign pathology, five lesions (5%) were malignant, and two (2%) lesions had atypical hyperplasia. Six-month baseline mammogram performed in 71% of patients more than 40 years old documented resolution of percutaneously removed lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Vacuum-assisted excisional breast biopsy under ultrasound guidance is an effective technique for the therapeutic management of benign lesions.     

Mammotome真空辅助微创旋切系统在隐匿性乳腺病灶诊断中的应用

目的探讨超声引导下Mammotome真空辅助微创旋切术对隐匿性乳腺病灶诊断的意义。方法2003年11月至2005年1月对30例隐匿性乳腺病灶进行B超引导下Mammotome真空辅助微创旋切术。结果30例患者均无一例失败,术后均明确诊断,恢复良好。结论超声引导下Mammotome真空辅助微创旋切术有利于隐匿性乳腺病灶的诊断,手术创伤小,恢复快。对良性疾病兼具治疗作用。     

Mammotome旋切术在乳腺肿块活检中的应用

目的探讨Mammotome旋切术在乳房肿块活检中的应用价值及对检测出的不典型增生病例的外科治疗方法.方法2003年3月～2004年1月对我院32例39处乳腺病灶超声引导下Mammotome微创旋切术及相应外科手术治疗.结果32例39处乳腺病灶中,乳腺纤维腺病24例(31处病灶),浆细胞性乳腺炎1例,非典型增生4例,乳腺癌3例.4例非典型增生中2例接受再手术,结果证实为非典型增生;1例轻度非典型增生和1例介于中度与重度非典型增生之间,口服他莫昔芬.结论对Mammotome旋切术检出的重度非典型增生,必须接受再次手术;对术前可触及肿块的中度以下的非典型增生,建议手术切除;对术前不能触及肿块的中度以下的非典型增生(不合并家族史),在肿块已全切情况下,可不手术,予他莫昔芬口服并随访.     

Mammotome乳腺良性肿块微创旋切术的临床应用

目的探讨B超引导下Mammotome微创旋切系统在乳腺良性肿块切除中的临床应用价值。方法B超引导下应用Mammotome系统对98例296处乳房良性肿块施行微创旋切术。结果所有肿块均被准确、完全切除。每个肿块的切除时间平均为25（15～60）min，平均旋切次数20（8～32）次，皮肤切口0.2～0.3cm。未出现活动性出血、皮下淤血、感染等并发症。结论B超引导下Mammotome微创旋切系统切除乳房良性肿块，操作简单、准确、安全、创伤小，是一项值得推广的乳腺微创技术。     

Significance of Papillary Lesions at Percutaneous Breast Biopsy

Background The management of nonpalpable papillary lesions found in specimens obtained by percutaneous breast biopsy is controversial. We reviewed the treatment of patients found to have papillary lesions by stereotactic, sonographic, or fine-needle aspiration breast biopsy to identify indications for surgical excision. Methods Consecutive patients with intraductal papilloma, atypical papilloma/papilloma with atypical ductal hyperplasia, papillary neoplasm, and papillomatosis according to percutaneous breast biopsy were identified from radiology records. The charts were reviewed to identify patients who had subsequent surgical excision, and the pathologic findings were correlated with the biopsy method and indications for surgery. Results Papillary lesions were found in 120 biopsy samples from 109 patients. Malignancy was found at operation in 19 (24%) of 80 lesions that underwent surgical excision: 12 (63%) were ductal carcinoma-in-situ, 4 (21%) were infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 2 (11%) were infiltrating papillary carcinoma, and 1 (5%) was intracystic papillary carcinoma. Malignancy was found in 9 (30%) of 30 fine-needle biopsy papillary lesions, 6 (35%) of 17 core biopsy papillary lesions, and 4 (12%) of 33 stereotactic biopsy papillary lesions. Malignancy was missed significantly less frequently with stereotactic biopsy (P < .05). Conclusions Malignancy is frequently found at surgical excision for papillary lesions found on percutaneous breast biopsy. Malignancy is missed significantly less frequently with stereotactic biopsy.