海带多糖对小鼠耐缺氧效应及抗疲劳作用

目的 探讨海带多糖的抗疲劳，耐缺氧作用。方法 按10、20、50、100mg/kg剂量的海带多糖灌胃受试小鼠连续10天，进行抗疲劳及密闭缺氧试验。结果 海带多糖能显著的提高受试小鼠负重游泳时间和常压缺氧下存活时间，受试小鼠的血红蛋白明显升高。结论 海带多糖具有抗疲劳和耐缺氧的作用。     

海带多糖对缺氧小鼠动脉血气影响的研究

目的：研究海带多糖（LJP）对缺氧小鼠组织利用氧的影响。方法：将小鼠分为灌胃生理盐水的对照组及灌胃4个不同剂量海带多糖的给药组，连续灌胃10d后，以密闭缺氧实验观察在常压缺氧条件下，心内采血，测定二氧化碳分压、氧分压、肺泡－动脉氧分压、二氧化碳总量、碳酸氢根、氧饱和度、氧含量及小鼠存活时间。结果：不同剂量的海带多糖均能有效延长小鼠存活时间。结论：海带多糖可提高缺氧小鼠组织对氧的利用。     

辅酶Q10提高小鼠抗疲劳和耐缺氧能力的实验研究

目的:研究辅酶Q10对小鼠抗疲劳和耐缺氧能力的影响。方法:分别以133.3、66.7、33.3 mg/kgBW剂量辅酶Q10给小鼠连续灌胃35 d,通过负重游泳试验、尿素、肝糖原和血乳酸测定评价其抗疲劳功能,通过常压耐缺氧试验、亚硝酸钠中毒试验和急性脑缺血(断头)试验评价其耐缺氧功能。结果:在本实验条件下,辅酶Q10能够延长小鼠的负重游泳时间,增加肝糖原储备,减少小鼠运动后血中乳酸和尿素氮含量;辅酶Q10能够延长小鼠缺氧存活时间和急性脑缺血后张口呼吸时间,对硝酸钠中毒后存活时间无明显影响。结论:辅酶Q10可以提高小鼠的抗疲劳能力和耐缺氧能力。     

心肌多肽抗疲劳效应的实验研究

目的：通过实验研究心肌多肽提高小鼠抗疲劳作用和耐缺氧能力和探讨可能的生物机制。方法：采用昆明种小鼠，分低、中、高剂量组，经口灌胃给予心肌多肽30d，剂量分别为0．5g／kg／d，1．0g／kg／d，2g／kg／d，另设蒸馏水对照组。观察小鼠负重游泳时间，耐缺氧能力，并测定抗疲劳相关生化指标：血乳酸、血中尿素氮含量、肝糖原含量以及血红细胞和肝脏中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力。结果：心肌多肽的中、高剂量组均能延长小鼠负重游泳时间以及耐缺氧能力。并且小鼠运动后血乳酸、血中尿素氮含量与对照组相比明显降低，肝糖原含量明显高于对照组，并且小鼠的血红细胞和肝脏中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力明显高于对照组。结论：心肌多肽具有增强小鼠抗疲劳和耐缺氧的能力。     

肉苁蓉茶对小鼠抗疲劳和耐缺氧能力的影响

[目的]研究肉苁蓉茶对小鼠抗疲劳和耐缺氧能力的影响。[方法]分别以3333、1667、833mg/kgBW剂量(以茶颗粒干品计)的肉苁蓉茶提取液,给小鼠连续灌胃35d,通过负重游泳试验、尿素氮和肝糖原测定评价其抗疲劳功能,通过常压耐缺氧试验、亚硝酸钠中毒试验和急性脑缺血(断头)试验评价其耐缺氧功能。[结果]在本实验条件下,肉苁蓉茶能够延长小鼠的负重游泳时间,增加小鼠的肝糖原的储备量,减小小鼠运动后的血乳酸量,对疲劳小鼠的血清尿素氮无明显影响;肉苁蓉茶能够延长小鼠在常压下缺氧存活时间及硝酸钠中毒后的存活时间,对急性脑缺血(断头)后张口喘气时间无明显影响。[结论]肉苁蓉茶可以提高小鼠的抗疲劳能力和常压耐缺氧能力。     

中药葛根素抗缺氧及抗氧化的药效学研究

目的观察葛根素对小鼠耐缺氧和抗氧化能力的影响。方法采用葛根素注射液,以小鼠为实验动物,经腹腔注射和灌胃给药,进行常压耐缺氧、减压耐缺氧、化学法耐缺氧实验和抗氧化实验观察葛根素抗缺氧和抗氧化作用。结果葛根素注射液显著延长了缺氧小鼠的存活时间(P<0.01),其中常压缺氧存活时间延长109.06%,减压缺氧存活时间延长81.97%,化学法存活时间延长257.20%,提示葛根素能够提高小鼠的耐缺氧能力。抗氧化方面,体内实验表明,能显著降低小鼠因急性缺氧再暴露所引起的丙二醛(MDA)的产生(P<0.01),体外实验表明,能拮抗H2O2诱导的溶血和抑制超氧离子(O2-)生成。结论葛根素具有较强的抗缺氧和抗氧化作用。     

松针对小鼠应激能力和自由基代谢的影响

目的研究松针对小鼠应激能力和血中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)水平的影响,进而探讨松针的抗衰老作用机制。方法取小鼠随机分为松针大、小剂量组和对照组,然后行小鼠游泳耐疲劳、常压耐缺氧实验,测定并比较松针组与对照组血清MDA含量和SOD的活性。结果松针可以延长小鼠力竭游泳时间,提高抗疲劳能力;延长小鼠常压耐缺氧时间,提高耐缺氧能力;同时使血清SOD活力明显升高、MDA含量明显降低,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论松针具有良好的体内抗氧化作用,可以延缓衰老。     

中药葛根素抗缺氧及抗氧化的药效学研究

目的 观察葛根素对小鼠耐缺氧和抗氧化能力的影响.方法 采用葛根素注射液,以小鼠为实验动物,经腹腔注射和灌胃给药,进行常压酎缺氧、减压耐缺氧、化学法耐缺氧实验和抗氧化实验观察葛根素抗缺氧和抗氧化作用.结果 葛根素注射液显著延长了缺氧小鼠的存活时间(P＜0.01),其中常压缺氧存活时间延长109.06%,减压缺氧存活时间延长81.97%,化学法存活时间延长257.20%,提示葛根素能够提高小鼠的耐缺氧能力.抗氧化方面,体内实验表明,能显著降低小鼠因急性缺氧再暴露所引起的丙二醛(MDA)的产生(P＜0.01),体外实验表明,能拮抗H2O2诱导的溶血和抑制超氧离子(O-·2)生成.结论 葛根素具有较强的抗缺氧和抗氧化作用.     

两种百合对某口服液耐缺氧作用影响的实验研究

探讨不同品种百合对某口服液耐缺氧作用的影响，筛选最佳品种。「方法」依据卫生部《保健食品功能学评价程序和检验方法》，对分别含有卷丹和普通百合的某口服液Ⅰ、某口服液Ⅱ进行了耐缺氧作用的对比试验。「结果」某口服液Ⅰ能明显延长小鼠的常压耐氧时间、亚硝酸钠中毒存活时间和急性脑缺血缺氧小鼠的耐氧时间；某口服液Ⅱ只能明显长小鼠的亚硝酸钠中毒存活时间。「结论」在口服液中对小鼠的耐缺氧作用卷丹明显强于普通百合。     

巴西人参3种提取液对耐缺氧、抗疲劳及抗肿瘤作用的影响

[目的]通过对国产巴西人参水提取浓缩、水提取乙醇沉淀浓缩、75%乙醇提取浓缩3种提取液的耐缺氧、抗疲劳和抗肿瘤试验,初步确定国产巴西人参是否具备耐缺氧、抗疲劳和抗肿瘤作用和这些作用的有效部位.[方法]将小白鼠随机分为8组:正常对照组、人参对照组、3种提取液的高、低剂量组.测定常压下小鼠耐缺氧、游泳耐力和抗肿瘤的程度. [结果]巴西人参水提取乙醇沉淀浓缩液高剂量组能明显提高小鼠的常温耐缺氧的能力;巴西人参75%乙醇提取浓缩高、低剂量组均能明显提高小鼠的低温耐缺氧的能力;巴西人参水提取浓缩高、低剂量组,巴西人参水提取乙醇沉淀浓缩高、低剂量组,巴西人参75%乙醇提取浓缩高剂量组均能明显提高小鼠游泳的时间;巴西人参3种提取液各剂量组均可显著提高抗肿瘤能力. [结论]巴西人参对小鼠耐缺氧、抗疲劳及抗肿瘤能力具有明显的增强作用.     

长春新碱过量引起严重毒副反应1例的护理体会

报道1例霍奇金淋巴瘤患者因误用长春新碱（VCR）10mg一次性静脉推注后治疗护理情况。其出现间断性神志恍惚、眼睑闭合不全、言语不清、口腔黏膜糜烂、全身疼痛、麻痹性肠梗阻、尿潴留、手足麻木等症状,经积极解救,禁食,持续胃肠减压、胃管内注入麻油、开塞露、生理盐水灌肠,合理应用肠外营养,注重疼痛、心理护理,做好口腔、肛周护理,预防感染加重,患者病情得到控制好转出院。     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis

BackgroundVaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider dose timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual doses. This analysis compared methods of operationalizing vaccination uptake and corresponding risk of pertussis infection.MethodsCity-wide case-control study of children in Philadelphia aged 3 months through 6 years, between 2001 and 2013. Multiple logistic regression was used to isolate the independent effects of each measure of vaccination uptake and the corresponding relative odds of pertussis.ResultsBeing UTD on vaccinations was associated with a 52% reduction in risk of pertussis (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.69). Evaluation of delayed receipt of vaccine versus on-time UTD yielded similar results. There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional dose received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second dose (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34). Additional doses conferred minimal additional protection in this age group.ConclusionExamining vaccination status by individual doses may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

两种不同肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析63例腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与61例腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床资料,比较2种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、使用抗生素时间、术后感染率、体温恢复正常时间、住院时间等情况。结果:两组患者接受子宫肌瘤剔除术顺利完成,腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(P0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量及剔除肌瘤个数均少于开腹组(P0.05),术后腹腔镜组体温恢复正常时间、肛门排气时间、抗生素使用及住院时间均短于开腹组,两组患者最多随访6个月,腹腔镜组平均康复时间较开腹组短(P0.05),两组随访B超均未发现明显肌瘤结节。结论:腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术损伤小,恢复快,住院时间短,是值得推广的微创手术。     

尘肺病患者145例死因调查

目的分析汉中市尘肺病的发生、发展和死亡原因，以提高尘肺病患者的生存质量。方法对145例尘肺病患者的死因进行回顾性分析，计算其平均发病年龄、死亡年龄及患尘肺病后的存活年限。结果矽肺的平均发病年龄和死亡年龄均早于煤工尘肺和石棉肺，尘肺病的主要死因为患肺部疾患，患尘肺病后的平均存活年限为12a。结论加强职业健康体检工作，对尘肺病人做到早发现早治疗和预防并发症的发生。     

性发育异常发病机制的研究进展

正常的性腺分化可分为3个过程：原始性腺形成、性别决定和卵巢/睾丸发育。在任一环节中,基因表达或调控发生异常均有可能导致性发育异常疾病的发生。性发育异常是指染色体、性腺和解剖性别不典型。随着分子生物学技术的发展,不断地发现新的基因或信号通路参与性腺分化和发育,如SRY、SF1、WT1、Sox9等基因与睾丸发育密切相关,Wnt/Rspo1/B连环蛋白通路、Dax1、Foxl2等基因在卵巢分化中发挥着重要作用,一些非编码RNA和转化生长因子也有重要的调节功能,且睾丸和卵巢发育均为主动过程,即使在出生后因某些基因的改变两者间也可出现横向分化。这些为揭示性分化异常的发病机制提供了可能。     

One-year stability of the Measure of Processes of Care

BACKGROUND: The Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) is a 56-item self-administered measure designed to examine what parents of a child with a chronic health problem think of the services they and their child receive, and to measure the extent to which these services are family-centred. Reliability and validity of the MPOC were established in prior studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the 1-year stability of the MPOC to justify its use as an evaluative tool. METHODS: Nine paediatric rehabilitation centres in the Netherlands participated in this short longitudinal survey study. Subjects were 205 parents (response rate 74.8%) of children aged 1-18 years who received care in one of the participating paediatric rehabilitation centres. All subjects filled out two MPOCs with a 1-year interval. RESULTS: All correlations between the scale scores of the MPOC at the first and second administration were relatively high and significant (range: 0.443-0.609, all P < 0.001), demonstrating high inter-individual stability. However, all mean scale scores, except for Providing General Information, significantly reduced after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The MPOC has a moderate 1-year stability. However, because of its tendency to score lower when repeated after 1 year, its use as an evaluative follow-up instrument to assess the effectiveness of a programme intervention is restricted.     

儿童皮质发育畸形的MRI诊断

目的探讨儿童皮质发育畸形(MCD)的MRI表现特点,为MCD的早期诊断提供依据。 方法选择2010年1月至2012年12月在四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院放射科经MRI检查确诊为MCD的44例患儿为研究对象。回顾性分析及总结其MRI影像学特征。本研究遵循的程序符合四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,征得受试对象及其监护人知情同意,并与监护人签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果本组44例经MRI确诊为MCD患儿中,巨脑回-无脑回为17例,多小脑回为14例,灰质异位为9例,脑裂畸形为4例。MCD的MRI特点中,巨脑回表现为脑回增宽、皮质增厚及白质变薄;无脑回表现为正常脑沟、脑回消失,皮质增厚及白质变薄;多小脑回表现为脑回增多、细小;灰质异位表现为皮质下及侧脑室周围深部白质区结节状、团块状或带状病灶,信号与灰质信号相同;脑裂畸形表现为从侧脑室到脑表面贯穿大脑半球的裂隙,表面覆盖灰质。 结论MRI是诊断儿童MCD的可靠影像学方法。     

西林瓶装注射用水的装量检查分析

为了检查西林瓶装注射用水的实际分装量是否符合2005年版《药典》三部要求,按照2005年版《药典》三部中“生物制品分装和冻干规程”,分装规格为0．8ml的西林瓶装注射用水10000瓶,随机在分装过程的前、中、后阶段共抽取100瓶,轧盖、目检。分别用1ml标定注射器及1ml普通无菌注射器抽取每瓶注射用水的实际体积,以t检验法对实际抽取量与标示量的差值进行统计学分析,结果显示其与2005年版《药典》三部要求分装附加量为0．1ml相比有显著性差异（P〈0．001）。