甲型H1N1流感96例临床观察

目的探讨辽阳地区甲型H1N1流感的临床特点。方法分析2009年9—10月我市收治的96例甲型H1N1流感患者的临床表现、实验室检查结果、治疗及预后特点。结果辽阳地区甲型H1N1流感以青少年学生多发;绝大多数病例临床表现类似于普通感冒,少数病例出现CK、AIJT、AST升高,极少数病例可出现口周疱疹及皮疹;重症发生率为4．2％;连花清瘟胶囊和（或）痰热清注射液治疗有效。结论辽阳地区甲型H1N1流感临床经过良好,无危重症病例,治愈率为100％。中西医结合治疗有效。     

四川省2009甲型H1N1流感的临床特点及预后分析

目的分析四川地区甲型H1N1流感的临床特点及预后。方法分析我院2009年收治的271例甲型H1N1流感的临床特点及预后情况。结果 1、重症患者基础疾病少且轻,危重症患者基础疾病多且重;2、危重症组、重症组年龄较大、体温较高、病程较长;3、重症组1/3病例有脏器功能损害,危重症组超过1/2的病例有多器官功能损害;4、发热持续时间及症状持续时间均随病情加重而延长;5、轻症预后良好,重症总体预后好,危重症患者预后差。结论轻症及重症预后好;危重症预后差。     

四川省2009甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征

目的分析四川地区甲型H1N1流感流行病学特点,为今后新发传染病的防控提供参考。方法回顾性分析我院2009年收治的271例甲型H1N1流感病例的来源、年龄及时间分布。结果 1.271例甲型H1N1流感病例,男∶女为1.09∶1,随着病情加重发病年龄逐渐增加,病程亦逐渐延长;2.轻症患者均无基础疾病,危重症患者基础疾病较重症患者多且重;3.绝大多数患者年龄在10~30岁（211例,77.87%）,轻症及重症中无≤2岁及≥65岁的患者,危重症中≥65岁者2例;4.疫情早期（5~9月）患者均为轻症,以输入病例为主（52例,19.19%）,疫情后期以本土暴发病例为主（9月以后）有危重症出现。结论新发传染病疫情早期以轻症、输入病例为主,后期随着社区聚集性疫情,有重危症患者出现;患者年龄、基础疾病是该疾病严重程度的重要影响因素。     

14例重症/危重症新型甲型H1N1流感病例临床分析

目的 观察新型甲型H1N1流感(简称甲型流感)重症/危重症病例的临床特点,加深对该病重症/危重症病例特点的认识.方法 对2009年11月24日至2010年1月25日在徐州医学院附属医院收治的14例重症/危重症甲型流感患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 14例患者中,重症6例,危重症8例;男性2例,女性12例(其中孕妇9...     

重症甲型H1N1流感研究进展

甲型H1N1流感最新疫情的突出特点是重症和死亡病例数显著增加,有关我国重症甲型H1N1流感患者的临床特征、预后、危险因素等方面的研究尚未见相关报道.本文拟对国外有关这方面的研究进行总结,为我国重症甲型H1N1流感的诊断及治疗提供借鉴.     

重症甲型H1N1流感39例临床分析

新型甲型H1N1流感（简称甲型流感）为急性呼吸道传染病,其病原体是一种新型的甲型H1N1流感病毒,人类对该病毒缺乏免疫力,普遍易感,全球的发病人数及其危重症患者的病死率不断增加。现对我院治愈出院的39例感重症和危重症甲型流患者的临床特点进行回顾性分析。     

在重症及危重症甲型H1N1流感患者中实施护理路径的健康教育效果观察

目的探讨对重症及危重症甲型H1N1流感患者实施临床护理路径健康教育的效果。方法选择2009年9月至12月入住隔离病区的重症及危重症甲型H1N1流感（卫生部的诊断标准）患者56例为对照组,按常规进行隔离、抢救、治疗护理;从2010年1月至3月住院的重症及危重症甲型H1N1流感（卫生部的诊断标准）患者51例为观察组,按照设计好的临床护理路径进行护理,比较两组病人及家属满意度、健康教育覆盖率等指标。结果观察组患者满意度、健康教育覆盖率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义。结论应用临床护理路径能提高患者及家属对护理工作的满意度和健康教育覆盖率,对控制甲型H1N1流感的疫情起到帮助作用,同时在今后有危重传染病护理起到指导及帮助。     

7例危重症甲型H1N1流感患者的护理体会

目的探讨危重症甲型H1N1流感患者的护理方法,提高护理水平。方法回顾性分析7例危重症甲型H1N1流感患者的护理,包括病区管理、病人的生活护理、心理护理、疾病的护理。结果 7例危重症甲型H1N1流感患者经过积极治疗、精心护理6例痊愈出院,1例因基础疾病及其他合并症死亡。结论及时有效的治疗加上精心的护理是重症甲型H1N1流感患者临床治愈的关键。     

103例甲型H1N1流感临床分析

目的:探讨2009年甲型H1N1流感的临床特点及预后。方法:回顾性分析2009年8月至2010年1月北京安贞医院98例甲型H1N1流感患者及5例外院会诊重症患者的临床资料。结果:本组病例中平均年龄(31.06±13.43)岁。主要临床表现为发热(100%)、咳嗽(88.3%)及畏寒(81.6%)等。重症及危重症患者中病死率为22.2%,并发症居前3位的是细菌感染、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、多脏器功能衰竭(MODS),其发生率分别为85.7%、57.1%及28.6%。慢性基础性疾病为重症及危重症病例发生的重要影响因素。结论:甲型H1N1流感以青壮年发病为主,主要临床表现为呼吸道症状,重症病例中多存在二重感染,并有可能存在凝血障碍,呼吸性碱中毒,低氧血症或Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭,且存在慢性基础性疾病更易发生。     

老年重症/危重甲型H1N1流感40例临床分析

甲型H1N1流感作为急性呼吸道传染病,病原体为一种新型的甲型H1N1流感病毒.2009年,在墨西哥暴发,随后在全球迅速蔓延,数百万人感染,并有数千人死亡.感染甲型H1N1流感病毒的症状与普通季节性流感样症状类似,但病情严重者,恶化迅速,有肺炎,少数伴随呼吸衰竭、多脏器功能丧失,重者死亡.本文回顾性分析重症/危重症甲型H1N1患者主要临床特征,以研究早期症状与出现重症/危重症的相关性.     

3例重症甲型H1N1流感的救治经验

目的提高重症甲型H1N1流感的治愈率。方法对3例重症甲型H1N1流感患者的临床主要症状、影像学表现、心电图、实验室检查、治疗及预后进行回顾性研究。结果重症甲型H1N1流感侵犯全身脏器,死亡率高。结论重症甲型H1N1流感应早诊断,早治疗,可以降低死亡率。     

Complications of the 2009 influenza A/H1N1 pandemic in pregnant women in The Netherlands: a national cohort study

The 2009 influenza A/H1N1 pandemic caused an increase in complications in pregnant women. To be well prepared for a next pandemic, we investigated the obstetric and maternal complications of this pandemic. In our national cohort of 59 pregnant women who were admitted to the hospital, no major complications apart from preterm birth and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit were observed. Although the small size of this study precludes us drawing any definitive conclusions, comparing our results with those in other countries suggests that the influenza A/H1N1 pandemic had a relatively benign course in pregnant women in The Netherlands.     

A novel electrochemical device to differentiate pandemic (H1N1) 2009 from seasonal influenza

Please cite this paper as: Straight et al. (2010) A novel electrochemical device to differentiate pandemic (H1N1) 2009 from seasonal influenza. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(2), 73–79. Background One of the challenges of the recent pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza outbreak was to differentiate the virus from seasonal influenza when confronting clinical cases. The determination of the virus has implications on treatment choice, and obvious epidemiologic significance. Objectives We set out to apply a novel electrochemical device to samples derived from clinical cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza to examine the ability of the device to differentiate these samples from cases of seasonal influenza. Patients/Methods An IRB approved protocol allowed for the use of original nasal wash samples from 24 confirmed human cases pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza. Clinical samples from cases of seasonal influenza (Influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B) were included as controls. Nucleic acids were extracted and samples examined by the ElectraSense^® Influenza A assay (CombiMatrix, Inc). Samples were also examined by RT-PCR or Luminex assays as a comparator. Results and Conclusions The ElectraSense^® Influenza A assay correctly identified 23 of 24 samples of laboratory-confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza. The assay correctly identified all samples of influenza A/H1N1 and A/H3N2, and differentiated these from pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza in all cases. The ElectraSense^® Influenza A assay proved to be a useful assay to quickly and accurately differentiate pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza from seasonal influenza.     

A Novel Duplex Real-Time Reverse-Transcription PCR Assay for the Detection of Influenza A and the Novel Influenza A(H1N1) Strain

Timely implementation of antiviral treatment and other public health based responses are dependent on accurate and rapid diagnosis of the novel pandemic influenza A(H1N1) strain. In this study we developed a duplex real-time PCR (RT-PCR) (dFLU-TM) assay for the simultaneous detection of a broad range of influenza A subtypes and specific detection of the novel H1N1 2009 pandemic strain. The assay was compared to the combined results of two previously described monoplex RT-PCR assays using 183 clinical samples and 10 seasonal influenza A isolates. Overall, the results showed that the dFLU-TM RT-PCR method is suitable for detection of influenza A, including the novel H1N1 pandemic strain, in clinical samples.     

Transmission of influenza A(H1N1) 2009 pandemic viruses in Australian swine

Please cite this paper as: Deng et al. (2012). Transmission of influenza A(H1N1) 2009 pandemic viruses in Australian swine. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(3), e42–e47. Background Swine have receptors for both human and avian influenza viruses and are a natural host for influenza A viruses. The 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic (H1N1pdm) virus that was derived from avian, human and swine influenza viruses has infected pigs in various countries. Objectives To investigate the relationship between the H1N1pdm viruses isolated from piggery outbreaks in Australia and human samples associated with one of the outbreaks by phylogenetic analysis, and to determine whether there was any reassortment event occurring during the human‐pig interspecies transmission. Methods Real‐time RT‐PCR and full genome sequencing were carried out on RNA isolated from nasal swabs and/or virus cultures. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the Geneious package. Results The influenza H1N1pdm outbreaks were detected in three pig farms located in three different states in Australia. Further analysis of the Queensland outbreak led to the identification of two distinct virus strains in the pigs. Two staff working in the same piggery were also infected with the same two strains found in the pigs. Full genome sequence analysis on the viruses isolated from pigs and humans did not identify any reassortment of these H1N1pdm viruses with seasonal or avian influenza A viruses. Conclusions This is the first report of swine infected with influenza in Australia and marked the end of the influenza‐free era for the Australian swine industry. Although no reassortment was detected in these cases, the ability of these viruses to cross between pigs and humans highlights the importance of monitoring swine for novel influenza infections.     

Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) during winter influenza season in the southern hemisphere

Please cite this paper as: Hsieh Ying-Hen. (2010) Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) during winter influenza season in the southern hemisphere. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(4), 187–197. Background Countries in the southern hemisphere experienced sizable epidemics of pandemic influenza H1N1 in their winter season during May–August, 2009. Methods We make use of the Richards model to fit the publicly available epidemic data (confirmed cases, hospitalizations, and deaths) of six southern hemisphere countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa) to draw useful conclusions, in terms of its reproduction numbers and outbreak turning points, regarding the new pH1N1 virus in a typical winter influenza season. Results The estimates for the reproduction numbers of these six countries range from a high of 1·53 (95% CI: 1·22, 1·84) for confirmed case data of Brazil to a low of 1·16 (1·09, 1·22) for pH1N1 hospitalizations in Australia. For each country, model fits using confirmed cases, hospitalizations, or deaths data always yield similar estimates for the reproduction number. Moreover, the turning points for these closely related outbreak indicators always follow the correct chronological order, i.e., case–hospitalization–death, whenever two or more of these three indicators are available. Conclusions The results suggest that the winter pH1N1 outbreaks in the southern hemisphere were similar to the earlier spring and later winter outbreaks in North America in its severity and transmissibility, as indicated by the reproduction numbers. Therefore, the current strain has not become more severe or transmissible while circulating around the globe in 2009 as some experts had cautioned. The results will be useful for global preparedness planning of possible tertiary waves of pH1N1 infections in the fall/winter of 2010.     

Prior infection with classical swine H1N1 influenza viruses is associated with protective immunity to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus

Please cite this paper as: Kash et al. (2010) Prior infection with classical swine H1N1 influenza viruses is associated with protective immunity to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(3), 121–127. Background  The 2009 H1N1 pandemic emerged even though seasonal H1N1 viruses have circulated for decades. Epidemio‐logical evidence suggested that the current seasonal vaccine did not offer significant protection from the novel pandemic, and that people over the age of 50 might were less susceptible to infection. Objectives  In a mouse challenge study with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus, we evaluated protective immune responses elicited by prior infection with human and swine influenza A viruses. Results  Mice infected with A/Mexico/4108/2009 (Mex09) showed significant weight loss and 40% mortality. Prior infection with a 1976 classical swine H1N1 virus resulted in complete protection from Mex09 challenge. Prior infection with either a 2009 or a 1940 seasonal H1N1 influenza virus provided partial protection and a >100‐fold reduction in viral lung titers at day 4 post‐infection. Conclusions  These findings indicate that in experimental animals recently induced immunity to 1918‐derived H1N1 seasonal influenza viruses, and to a 1976 swine influenza virus, afford a degree of protection against the 2009 pandemic virus. Implications of these findings are discussed in the context of accumulating data suggesting partial protection of older persons during the 2009 pandemic.     

Outcome of pandemic H1N1 infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

During 2009, a new strain of A/H1N1 influenza appeared and became pandemic. A prospective study was performed to collect data regarding risk factors and outcome of A/H1N1 in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Only verified pandemic A/H1N1 influenza strains were included: 286 patients were reported, 222 allogeneic and 64 autologous recipients. The median age was 38.3 years and the median time from transplant was 19.4 months. Oseltamivir was administered to 267 patients and 15 patients received zanamivir. One hundred and twenty-five patients (43.7%) were hospitalized. Ninety-three patients (32.5%) developed lower respiratory tract disease. In multivariate analysis, risk factors were age (OR 1.025; 1.01-1.04; P=0.002) and lymphopenia (OR 2.49; 1.33-4.67; P<0.001). Thirty-three patients (11.5%) required mechanical ventilation. Eighteen patients (6.3%) died from A/H1N1 infection or its complications. Neutropenia (P=0.03) and patient age (P=0.04) were significant risk factors for death. The 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic caused severe complications in stem cell transplant recipients.