腹腔镜多部位同时手术35例

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中同时施行其它腹腔镜手术的临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析接受腹腔镜胆囊切除术中同时手术病例的临床资料、手术时间、住院时间、并发症。结果:共有35例患者接受了除腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)外的同时阑尾切除术(LA)、胆总管探查术(LCBDE)、经腹膜前疝修补术(TAPP)及肝囊肿揭盖术(LFLC),其病例数分别是10、12、11、2。35例中大于65岁者18例(18/35,51.4%),21例(21/35,60.0%)合并其它系统疾病。LC+LA、LC+TAPP、LC+LCBDE手术时间、住院时间分别为(111.5±40.1)min、(9.7±4.3)min、(119.6±29.0)min,(7.4±2.5)d、(185.5±47.6)d、(24.8±10.6)d。5例(LC+LCBDE组)中转开腹。全部病例治愈出院。除1例切口感染外无其它并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术中同时施行其它腹腔镜手术是安全可行的。     

LCBDE+LC与EST+LC治疗肝外胆管结石的临床分析

目的对LCBDE+LC(腹腔镜胆总管探查术+腹腔镜胆囊切除术)与EST+LC(内镜下括约肌切开术+腹腔镜胆囊切除术)治疗肝外胆管结石的临床效果进行比较。方法选取2013年11月~2016年3月我院收治的80例肝外胆管结石患者。根据患者所接受的手术操作方法分为观察组和对照组各40例。观察组行LCBDE+LC治疗,对照组行EST+LC治疗,比较2组患者临床疗效。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间显著短于对照组,两组比较差异显著(P0.05);2组患者中转开腹率、并发症发生率及肛门排气时间无显著差异,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与LCBDE+LC相比,EST+LC治疗肝外胆管结石,在缩短手术时间、减少住院时间、降低术中出血量上的临床效果更为显著,值得临床推广。     

腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术与开腹子宫全切术的临床比较

目的　评价腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术 (LAVH)的临床应用价值。方法　对 5 9例子宫良性病变患者行腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术的临床资料进行回顾性分析 ,并与开腹子宫切除术 (TAH) 6 2例进行比较。结果　腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术术中出血量 (15 0 4± 5 6 0ml)、术后疼痛用止痛药例数 (13例 )、下床活动时间 (2 6 4± 6 3h)及住院时间 (15 2± 1 2d)均明显少于开腹组。LAVH术手术时间 (10 2 4± 2 8 9)min与TAH术手术时间 (91 9± 2 6 5 )min ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术具有微创、效优、术后恢复快等优点 ,而且腹部无疤痕 ,优于开腹子宫切除术 ,值得临床推广应用。     

LC+胆总管探查术中胆道镜取石术与LC+内镜取石术治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石的疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)+胆总管探查术中胆道镜取石术(LCBDE)与LC+内镜取石术(EST)治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石的疗效。方法选取126例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的患者作为研究对象,将患者随机分为LC+LCBDE组和LC+EST组,每组63例,比较两组患者的术中术后情况、括约肌损伤程度以及并发症发生率。结果 LC+LCBDE组患者的手术时间[(127.36±31.28)min]、住院时间[(12.12±3.64)d]、括约肌损伤发生率(1.6%)、并发症发生率(4.9%)低于LC+EST组(P0.05)。结论 LC+LCBDE和LC+EST两种微创手术方案在治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石各有优缺点,LC+LCBDE总体优于LC+EST。     

微型腹腔镜单孔阑尾切除术治疗急、慢性阑尾炎

目的:探讨微型腹腔镜单孔阑尾切除术(One-pore microlaparoscopic appendectomy,OMLA)治疗急、慢性阑尾炎的临床疗效。方法:118例急、慢性阑尾炎患者随机分为两组:OLMA组53例LA组65例。OMLA组采用微型腹腔镜单孔阑尾切除术;LA组采用腹腔镜阑尾切除术。并观察两组的手术时间、术中失血量、术后肠道功能恢复时间、术后体温恢复正常时间、住院时间和疼痛情况。结果:OMLA组手术时间(23.58±8.07)min,短于LA组(36.43±7.32)min(t=9.0579,P=0.0000);术中出血量:MOLA组(10.9±2.5)mL与LA组(11.3±3.2)mL之间差异无统计学意义(t=0.7434,P=0.4587);OMLA组术后肠道功能恢复时间(16.0±5.3)h,明显短于LA组(29.0±10.1)h(t=8.4639,P=0.0000);OMLA组术后体温恢复正常时间(29.0±8.3)h,明显短于LA组(41.0±16.2)h(t=4.8919,P=0.0000);住院时间:OMLA组(2.5±1.5)d与LA组(3.0±2.1)d之间差异无统计学意义(t=1.4562,P=0.1480);术后切口疼痛消失平均时间:OMLA组(39.0±12.9)h,明显短于LA组(56.0±21.2)h(t=5.1144,P=0.0000)。两组患者术后随访7 d~1.5年,平均8个月,OMLA组未发现手术并发症;LA组右下腹戳孔感染1例,未发现其它并发症。结论:OMLA具有损伤小,康复快,并发症少和住院时间短的优点,治疗急、慢性阑尾炎较理想的微创手术方法。     

不同手术方案在复杂胆总管结石患者中的效果研究*

目的探讨内窥镜括约肌切开术(EST)或内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)和腹腔镜胆总管探查术(LCBDE)联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床治疗效果。方法选取2013年6月-2015年6月该院收治的复杂胆总管结石患者80例为研究对象,根据患者采取的手术方案,将患者分为EST+LC组(38例)和LCBDE+LC+ERCP组(42例)。比较两组患者的一般临床资料、治疗效果、术后并发症发生率及肝功能相关指标情况。结果 LCBDE+LC+ERCP组结石最大直径、胆总管直径均大于EST+LC组,其结石数量明显多于EST+LC组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。与EST+LC组相比,ERCP+LC+LCBDE组单次手术成功率较高,手术时间短,但其手术费用亦较高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);取石成功率、中转开腹率及住院时间在两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。ERCP+LC+LCBDE组术后并发症发生率为21.43%(9/42),EST+LC组术后并发症发生率为26.32%(10/38),两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后1 d的血清直接胆红素、丙氨酸转氨酶及天冬氨酸转氨酶均轻度升高,术后3 d两组患者各指标均恢复正常水平。结论 LCBDE+LC+ERCP以及EST+LC两种手术方案均是治疗复杂胆总管结石的有效方法,其中LCBDE+LC+ERCP手术成功率高,手术时间较短,对较大的结石更有优势。     

"三孔法"微型腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床应用

目的探讨"三孔法"微型腹腔镜在胆囊切除术中的临床意义.方法将58例慢性结石性胆囊炎和胆囊息肉病人随机分成两组,分别进行微型腹腔镜胆囊切除术(MLC)和普通型腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC).MLC为"三孔法",脐部10mm孔,剑下5mm孔,右上腹2mm孔.观察手术时间、术后(6h时)疼痛和起床时间.并予SPSS软件进行处理.结果MLC组中1例因操作困难,中转成LC,两组病人均痊愈出院.MLC组与LC组的手术时间分别为55.0±10.9分(±sd)和51.2±11.4分,P＞0.05,术后疼痛为2.1±0.6分和2.5±0.7分,P＜0.05,术后起床时间为14.0±8.8h和17.5±10.6h,P＞0.05.结论在熟练LC的基础上,开展MLC是安全、有效的,值得临床上推广应用.     

经腹腹膜前腹腔镜疝修补术的并发症防治

目的探讨经腹腹膜前腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术(TAPP)的手术效果与并发症的防治。方法回顾分析2003年3月~2004年10月接受TAPP手术患者的临床资料以及治疗结果、并发症。结果共有100人123例次施行了TAPP术,其中合并胆囊病变及慢性阑尾炎各为12及1例,同时行腹腔镜胆囊切除术及阑尾切除术;50例单侧疝且无并发病的手术时间(65.7±14.8)min,住院时间(5.3±0.9)d;123例中术后腹股沟区疼痛1例,腹股沟区血清肿及血肿8例;经3~23个月的随访,术后复发1例,无腹股沟区慢性疼痛病例,无粘连性肠梗阻病例。结论TAPP治疗腹股沟疝是安全有效的,并发症及复发率可以接受。     

ERCP+LC与LC+LCBDE治疗胆总管结石伴胆囊结石的回顾性研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)联合胆总管探查取石术(LCBDE)和十二指肠镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)联合LC治疗胆管结石伴胆囊结石的临床疗效。方法:选取2011-08-2015-12期间在我院分别采用ERCP+LC(ERCP+LC组,n=69)与LC+LCBDE(LC+LCBDE组,n=76)治疗的胆总管结石伴胆囊结石患者,比较分析2组患者的疗效。结果:LC+LCBDE组患者的手术时间明显长于ERCP+LC组,手术次数和术后住院时间明显小于ERCP+LC组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。LC+LCBDE组的手术中转率、并发症发生率、结石残留率、术后下床活动时间均优于ERCP+LC组,差异无统计学意义。LC+LCBDE组患者的总体满意程度分布情况优于ERCP+LC组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。LC+LCBDE组复杂性胆总管结石患者取石成功率、术后住院时间、手术中转率、手术次数均明显优于ERCP+LC组复杂性胆总管结石患者,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:LC+LCBDE与ERCP+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石同样安全、有效。但LC+LCBDE住院时间更短,治疗费用更低,治疗胆总管结石数目多(≥3个)或结石直径较大(≥15mm)或患有Mirizzi综合征的患者更有优势。     

电视腹腔镜胆囊摘除术580例报告

<正> 电视腹腔镜胆囊摘除术(LC)是近年来微创外科技术在胆囊切除术中的应用方法之一。现将我院2002年5月～2003年5月580例LC的临床应用结果报告如下:1 资料和方法1.1 一般资料 女性405例,男性175例:年龄14～78岁;慢性结石性胆囊炎532例,急性结石性胆囊炎48例;合并急性阑尾炎,同时行LA术(腹腔镜下阑尾切除术)3例,有腹部手术史78例,其中上腹部手术史13例(10例为腹腔镜保留     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.