Leiomyomatosis of mesenteric lymph nodes associated with duodenal adenocarcinoma

Leiomyomatosis of lymph nodes is an extremely rare disease. Only a few cases have previously been reported in pelvic lymph nodes. They were related to a benign uterine leiomyoma, a metastasizing uterine leiomyoma, an endometrial adenocarcinoma, and an ovarian endometrioid carcinoma. We report on a case of leiomyomatosis of the mesenteric lymph nodes associated with a duodenal adenocarcinoma with no history of uterine leiomyoma or any gynecological malignancy. The patient, a 56-year-old woman, was found to have an adenocarcinoma of the duodenum. All mesenteric lymph nodes removed showed leiomyomatosis, which was verified by immunohistochemical study showing positive immunostaining for smooth muscle actin, desmin, and vimentin, but negative staining for HMB-45. It is necessary to make a differential diagnosis from other examples of spindle cell proliferation involving lymph nodes such as a hemorrhagic spindle cell tumor with amianthoid fibers (palisade myofibroblastoma), angiomyolipoma, lymphangiomyomatosis, inflammatory pseudotumor, and Kaposi's sarcoma.     

子宫平滑肌瘤病的临床分析及影像学特点

目的深入分析子宫平滑肌瘤病的临床及MRI特点。方法收集近2016年1月至2018年12月间在我院治疗的6例子宫静脉内平滑肌瘤病患者的临床影像学资料,分析肿瘤形态、位置、大小、信号及强化方式、DWI信号及ADC值,将研究结果与病理诊断结果进行对比。结果大体观察,所有患者均有子宫形态的改变,多数表现为子宫增大,多数病灶仅局限在子宫内。免疫组化实验显示平滑肌分化标志物全部呈现阳性,多数激素受体、血管源性标记物阳性。6例均有病灶蠕虫样改变,均发现病灶内流空信号,仅病例3的影像学诊断与病理诊断相符。T1WI呈等信号3例,等高信号3例;T2WI呈高低混杂信号2例,稍高信号2例,混杂高信号1例,等高信号1例。6例肿瘤内部或肿瘤旁可见多发迂曲血管。肿块强化方式均为快进慢出,强化程度除病例2为管状强化,其余均为明显强化。DWI呈高信号2例、稍高信号4例,磁共振ADC值处于正常水平。结论子宫静脉内平滑肌瘤病的临床特异性较差,术前检查的诊断正确率较低。T1WI信号为等或等高,T2WI信号为高或稍高,肿瘤内部或肿瘤旁可见多发迂曲血管。     

Intravenous leiomyomatosis with uterine leiomyoma and adenomyosis: a case presentation and brief comment on the histogenesis

Uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis a rather rare pathologic condition, and a total of 139 cases have appeared in the English literature. Although two proposals for the histologic origin, uterine lyomyoma itself and/or vascular smooth muscle, have been widely accepted, the precise histogenesis still remains unclear. The additional 140th case of intravenous leiomyomatosis is described, and a third postulation for the histogenesis is proposed.     

伴有心脏受累的静脉内平滑肌瘤病一例

静脉内平滑肌瘤病是一种特殊类型的子宫肌瘤,其生长方式类似恶性肿瘤,达下腔静脉甚至累及右心腔者非常罕见,具有潜在的致命性.本文报道1例伴有心脏受累的静脉内平滑肌瘤病患者.患者41岁,女性,因"间断右上腹疼痛,伴双下肢轻度肿胀20天"入院.既往有子宫肌瘤及子宫次全切除病史.超声心动示:右心房内可见团块,与心腔无黏连,左室射血分数60.00%.腹部CT示:下腔静脉全程、左侧髂总、髂内静脉内软组织肿物,病变卜极达右心房,增强扫描示肿物有明显强化.妇科及盆腔血管彩超可见下腔静脉下段、左侧髂总静脉内占位,左侧附件区髂内、外静脉之间可见一分叶状团块,其内见营养血管,子官次全切除术后.初步诊断:下腔静脉、右心房肿瘤.行胸腹联合心脏、下腔静脉伞程肿瘤切除,左侧髂内静脉结扎术,术后未予激素治疗,病理示肿瘤细胞呈梭形,未见核分裂相,无凝固性坏死,免疫组化SMA(+++),desmin(+),PR(+),ER(+),S100(-),CD117散在个别细胞(+),CD34(-),Ki67<50%.随访6个月未见肿瘤复发.该病临床表现无特异性,术前诊断率低,确诊主要依靠病理,鉴别心脏、下腔静脉原发肿瘤和血栓后,临床治疗主要是肿瘤彻底手术切除,术后短期未见复发.     

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata--a rare case report

An infertile female aged 34 years was admitted with an abdominopelvic lump of 16 weeks size. On laparotomy innumerable nodular seedlings, in addition to uterine fibroid, simulating disseminated intra-abdominal malignancy were found. Histopathology of removed specimen of uterus and omentum revealed leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata.     

侵犯心脏的静脉内平滑肌瘤病诊疗经验

目的 探讨侵犯心脏的静脉内平滑肌瘤病的诊断特点和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析北京大学人民医院血管外科2002年11月至2011年2月收治的8例心脏受累的静脉内平滑肌瘤病患者临床资料、手术方案和随访情况.结果 8例患者影像学或手术证实病变起源于盆腔,下腔静脉、心脏受累,无肺栓塞.3例表现为心悸、胸闷等心脏症状,4例表现为下肢水肿、腹胀等下腔静脉回流障碍症状,1例无明显临床症状.8例患者均有子宫肌瘤病史,6例既往曾行子宫切除术.5例在体外循环下行右心、下腔静脉内肿瘤切除,盆腔受累静脉结扎术;2例行非体外循环下腔静脉、盆腔肿瘤切除术;姑息性激素治疗1例.手术患者中2例先期在体外循环下行右心、下腔静脉内肿瘤切除术,3个月后行子宫、双附件及病变阔韧带切除术,未行激素治疗,其余5例患者接受大剂量激素治疗.超声随访15～90个月发现未行激素治疗组和激素治疗组均有2例复发.结论 侵犯心脏的静脉内平滑肌瘤病较为罕见,手术完整切除病变是治疗关键,激素治疗预防复发效果有限.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the diagnostic features and therapeutic methods of intravenous leiomyomatosis with a potential of heart invasion.Methods Eight cases of cardiac involvement with intravenous leiomyomatosis treated at our hospital from November 2002 to August 2011 were analyzed and compared. Results Either imaging or surgery confirmed that in all 8 patients the pelvic lesions originated from the inferior vena cava and heart involvement without pulmonary embolism. In 3 cases, palpitations and chest tightness were noticed. Four cases showed lower extremity edema and abdominal distension while no obvious clinical symptom was found for 1 case. All 8 cases had a history of uterine fibroids and 6 underwent previous hysterectomy. Among 8 patients, there were 5 cases of cardiopulmonary bypassing right heart, inferior vena cava tumor resection and pelvic involvement vein ligation and 2 cases of routine off-pumping of inferior vena cava with pelvic tumor resection. Palliative therapy was administered in 1 case. Two patients were resection the right heart and inferior vena cava tumor in the cardiopulmonary bypass, 3 months later were resection gynecologic uterine, double-accessories and broad ligament and were not treated with hormone.After operation, another 5 surgery patients received high-dose hormone treatments. 2 cases of recurrence in each group were found by ultrasound follow-ups from 15-90 months. Conclusion Invasion of the heart intravenous leiomyomatosis is a rare case, which can be tackled with a good effect by completely surgical resection and a limited effect on hormone therapy to prevent recurrence.     

静脉平滑肌瘤病延伸至右心房一例报道

累及右侧心腔的静脉平滑肌瘤病罕见并具有潜在致命性、激素依赖性及沿血管腔蔓延的特点,以手术治疗和内分泌治疗为基础的多学科综合治疗是最佳疗法并有望改善预后。文章报道1例累及右心房的静脉平滑肌瘤病病例,经心脏超声、胸部和腹部CT、CT血管造影、病理学检查明确诊断,予三苯氧胺联合诺雷德内分泌治疗并行分期手术;一期行心脏及下腔静脉肿瘤切除术获成功。     

动脉栓塞介入治疗宫颈妊娠

目的 探讨子宫动脉栓塞术治疗宫颈妊娠的临床价值和安全性.方法 3例宫颈妊娠患者分别经导管子宫动脉栓塞术并结合清宫术治疗.结果 3例患者栓塞术后均一次性终止妊娠,24h后清宫术中出血量50～80 mL,刮出绒毛样组织10～25 g,病理检查结果为胎盘绒毛和蜕膜组织.结论 动脉栓塞介入治疗宫颈妊娠疗效可靠,满意度高.     

不孕症合并子宫肌瘤者实施子宫肌瘤剔除术的探讨

目的探讨不孕症合并子宫肌瘤者实施开腹和腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除术在术后妊娠率上有无差异,以及影响术后妊娠率的因素。方法64例不孕症合并子宫肌瘤患者分为开腹组和腹腔镜组;术前子宫腔变形组和术前子宫腔未变形组;子宫肌瘤紧邻子宫内膜组和子宫肌瘤未紧邻子宫内膜组。随访观察术后妊娠情况,统计妊娠率。结果开腹组与腹腔镜组术后妊娠率差异无显著性;术前子宫腔变形组和术前子宫腔未变形组术后妊娠率差异有显著性;术前子宫肌瘤紧邻子宫内膜组和术前子宫肌瘤未紧邻子宫内膜组术后妊娠率差异有显著性。结论开腹施术和腹腔镜下施术在术后妊娠率上无明显差异;肌瘤的数目、大小对术后妊娠率无影响。宫腔形态改变和子宫肌瘤紧邻子宫内膜对妊娠影响较大,矫正后妊娠率明显上升。     

血管内介入治疗在子宫异位妊娠治疗中的临床应用

目的评估血管内介入治疗在子宫异位妊娠治疗中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析122例子宫异位妊娠患者血管内介入治疗前后的临床资料,其中宫颈妊娠49例、峡部妊娠9例、瘢痕妊娠60例、宫角妊娠4例,所有患者均行经股动脉穿刺双侧子宫动脉甲氨蝶呤灌注联合明胶海绵颗粒栓塞治疗。结果 122例患者中,24例因异位妊娠清宫术后阴道大出血急诊行两侧子宫动脉化疗栓塞术,其中宫颈妊娠10例、峡部妊娠1例、瘢痕妊娠12例、宫角妊娠1例;余98例患者采用子宫动脉化疗栓塞序贯超声引导下清宫术治疗。所有存在阴道出血患者于介入术后均停止出血;介入术后序贯清宫术治疗的患者于清宫术中均未出现大出血并发症。1个月后复查,所有患者人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)均完全降至正常水平。结论子宫动脉化疗栓塞术可用于子宫异位妊娠清宫术后大出血的急救治疗;子宫动脉化疗栓塞术序贯超声引导下清宫术可作为子宫异位妊娠治疗中的一种新策略。     

Benign metastasising leiomyoma after hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

Benign metastasising leiomyomatosis is a rare condition affecting women in the reproductive age-group with a history of uterine fibroids, who have undergone treatment by myomectomy or hysterectomy. It is characterised by development of multiple, indolent, smooth muscle tumours outside the uterus, most commonly in the lungs, and manifests several years after the uterine surgery. We describe the case of a young woman, who had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for multiple fibroids and a right ovarian cyst. After 5 years of being on oestrogen replacement therapy, she was detected to have benign metastasising leiomyoma, for which an additional laparotomy was performed. At laparotomy, removal of the pelvic mass was associated with several complications. The metastatic lesions in the lung responded well to progestogens (megestrol acetate) alone as evidenced by regression of the lesions detected at follow-up after 6 months and 1 year.     

彩超对残角子宫妊娠的诊断价值

目的探讨彩超对残角子宫妊娠的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析13例彩超诊断的残角子宫妊娠的声像图特征及术后结果,并对结果进行分析。结果手术后11例确诊为残角子宫妊娠,超声诊断符合率为84.6%;误诊2例（15.4%）,1例为输卵管间质部妊娠,1例为宫角部妊娠。结论彩超对残角子宫妊娠的诊断准确率较高,是一种可靠的诊断方法,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Intravenous leiomyomatosis with right heart involvement-a report of 4 cases and literature review

Intravenous leiomyomatosis(IVL) is a rare benign neoplasm which originates from the smooth muscle cells and is usually confined to the pelvic venous system.Rarely,intracaval and intracardiac extension has been described.Death can occur as a result of intracardiac involvement.We reported 4 cases of IVL with right heart involvement(intracardiac leiomyomatosis,ICL).Three of them suffered recurrent sudden syncope,and the other one was totally asymptomatic.All of them were successfully treated through one-stage operation under extracorporeal circulation.     

子宫角妊娠18例临床分析

目的　提高对子宫角妊娠的早期诊断水平。方法　回顾性分析我院二十年间收治的 18例子宫角妊娠病例 ,总结其临床表现、诊断、处理。结果　子宫角妊娠占同期异位妊娠的 1.5 6%,术前确诊率为 44 .44 %,易误诊为流产、输卵管妊娠。结论　认为血 β -HCG、B超及腹腔镜检查对本病的早期诊断有重要意义 ,避免了如子宫破裂、胎盘滞留等严重并发症     

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis: a devastating sequelae of unconfined laparoscopic morcellation

There has been growing concern surrounding the use of unconfined power morcellation in laparoscopic surgeries for uterine leiomyoma due to its associated risks and long-term clinical sequelae, including parasitic leiomyomas and disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL). We present a case of DPL resulting from previous laparoscopic morcellation and a review of the existing literature. DPL is a potentially devastating consequence of unconfined laparoscopic morcellation in the surgical management of uterine fibroids. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended in the management of DPL, especially in cases of multivisceral involvement. Clinical caution ought to be exercised when using power morcellators; when unavoidable, confined laparoscopic morcellation offers a promising mitigation and should be adopted if practicable.     

早孕合并子宫肌瘤应用药物流产30例

目的 观察早孕合并子宫肌瘤应用药物流产的临床效果。方法 对30例停经49天以内,合并不大小子宫肌瘤患应用米非司酮和米索前列醇行药物流产。结果 早孕合并小于或等于5cm子宫肌瘤患的完全流产率9 2．31％,不完全流产率为7．69％。结论 口服米非司酮配伍米索前列醇可作为早孕合并宫肌瘤患有效的非手术终止妊娠的方法。     

妊娠完全性子宫破裂9例临床分析

目的 探讨妊娠完全性子宫破裂的高危因素、临床特点及预后.方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2017年4月沈阳市妇婴医院收治的9例妊娠完全性子宫破裂患者的临床资料,对患者的年龄、孕产史、孕周、既往手术史、此次妊娠距手术间隔时间、子宫破裂的位置、临床处理及母婴结局进行归纳总结.结果 9例妊娠合并完全性子宫破裂患者中,剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫前次剖宫产切口破裂3例(1例剖宫产切口妊娠并子宫破裂,2例为剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫中期引产)、腹腔镜子宫肌瘤术后瘢痕子宫2例、剖宫产合并腹腔镜输卵管手术后妊娠1例,腹腔镜输卵管手术后妊娠1例,双子宫1例,原因不明1例(有刮宫术病史).表现为持续性下腹痛7例,无典型子宫破裂的临床表现2例.9例均行子宫修补术,产后出血5例,输红细胞4例,无产妇死亡;1例胎死宫内,4例新生儿结局良好,3例为引产及剖宫产切口妊娠,1例新生儿窒息后死亡.结论 剖宫产史再次妊娠有子宫破裂的风险,应将所有曾接受子宫体部、输卵管手术的患者、子宫畸形、胎盘植入、多次孕产史的无子宫瘢痕孕妇视为发生子宫破裂的高危人群,以便早期识别和处理子宫破裂.     

正常孕妇早-中孕期子宫动脉血流阻力参数的序贯研究

目的探讨正常孕妇孕早期至孕中期子宫动脉血流参数的变化规律,为相关疾病的预测提供依据。方法孕11～14 周及孕18～20 周超声分别检测双侧子宫动脉搏动指数（PI）、阻力指数（RI）,观察上述指标在早孕- 中孕的变化情况。结果正常孕妇左侧子宫动脉PI、RI 早孕期分别为（1.56±0.518）及（0.71±0.112）,中孕期降至（1.13±0.424）及（0.61±0.109）,右侧子宫动脉PI、RI 早孕期（1.50±0.518）、（0.70±0.106）,中孕期降至（1.01±0.391）、（0.57±0.117）。子宫动脉阻力参数PI、RI 早孕期与中孕期比较差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,孕11～14 周子宫动脉阻力参数左右两侧比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）,孕18～20 周子宫动脉阻力参数两侧比较差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论从早孕期至中孕期,正常孕妇子宫动脉阻力参数下降。     

子宫静脉内平滑肌瘤病2例及文献复习

目的:探讨子宫静脉内平滑肌瘤病(IVL)的临床表现和诊治要点。方法:对2例确诊IVL患者的临床资料进行回顾分析,并对相关文献进行复习。结果:2例IVL患者临床表现与子宫肌瘤的临床表现相同,术前无特异性诊断方法,病理检查是诊断该病的依据。结论:IVL无特异性临床表现,术前不易诊断,应注重术中探查及病理检查。     

子宫绒毛叶状分割性平滑肌瘤伴发静脉内平滑肌瘤病(附1例报告)

目的 探讨子宫绒毛叶状分割性平滑肌瘤伴发静脉内平滑肌瘤病的临床及病理学特征。方法 对1例子宫绒毛叶状分割性平滑肌瘤伴发静脉内平滑肌瘤病的病例进行病理学观察、免疫组织化学染色等并复习相关文献。结果 患者42岁,体检B超发现子宫肌层15cm×13cm×10cm大小占位,临床拟诊断子宫肉瘤。肉眼观肌壁内一不规则肿块,向浆膜外突起似胎盘绒毛样外观。镜下肿瘤主要有分化良好的平滑肌细胞、大小不等呈丛状分布的血管组成,周围基质水肿明显。同时在子宫肌层的静脉血管内有形态良好的平滑肌增生,未见超出血管外。手术行子宫及右侧输卵管切除,术后随访6月未复发。结论 子宫绒毛叶状分割性平滑肌瘤伴发静脉内平滑肌瘤病又称为绒毛叶状水泡状静脉内平滑肌瘤病,是一类非常罕见的平滑肌瘤,预后良好。由于奇特的大体外观容易诊断错误导致过度治疗,因此掌握此类良性平滑肌瘤的病理特征以防过度治疗。