液相芯片技术联合等位基因特异性引物延伸反应检测结核分枝杆菌耐多药突变

目的建立一种耐多药结核分枝杆菌检测方法。方法设计并构建含有kat G315、rpo B526、rpo B531耐药基因突变位点的质粒;通过PCR扩增及纯化、等位基因特异性引物延伸反应(ASPE)、荧光微球杂交反应及液相芯片系统Luminex 200检测;并对该方法反应条件进行探索及方法学评价。结果 ASPE反应中Tsp DNA聚合酶最适浓度为0.025 U/μL,杂交荧光微球浓度为每μL 100个,链霉亲和素藻红蛋白浓度及杂交时间分别为2μg/m L和20 min;所建立方法的检测灵敏度最低可达1ng/m L;当质粒浓度为1.5×105ng/m L时,批间和批内变异系数(CV)分别为6.48%~12.15%和0.35%~6.92%;当质粒浓度为2 ng/m L时,批间和批内变异系数(CV)分别为5.73%~10.77%和0.97%~8.91%;特异性引物探针与其他突变位点均无交叉反应。结论液相芯片技术联合等位基因特异性引物延伸反应检测耐多药结核分枝杆菌灵敏且具有成本低、高通量等特点,极具临床应用潜力。     

白细胞介素-18基因多态性与肺结核病易感性的关系

目的：通过病例-对照研究,探讨白细胞介素-18（IL-18）基因启动子区-607C/A、-137G/C位点单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与肺结核病的关系。方法：采用序列特异性引物PCR（PCR-SSP）及测序技术检测深圳地区汉族人群肺结核患者200例及健康对照者197例IL-18启动子区-607 C/A 、-137G/C位点多态性基因型。采用直接计数法计算各组基因型频率及等位基因频率,进行χ2 检验。以P值＜0.05为具有统计学意义。结果：肺结核患者IL-18启动子区-607位点A/A纯合子、A/C杂合子、C/C纯合子基因型频率分别为19.5%、55.0%、25.5% ;A、C等位基因频率分别为47.0%、53.0%。健康对照者A/A纯合子、A/C杂合子、C/C纯合子基因型频率分别为22.8%、46.7%、30.5%;A、C等位基因频率分别为46.2%、53.8%。两组人群-607位点基因型及等位基因分布无明显差异(P>0.05)。肺结核患者IL-18启动子区-137G/C位点C/C纯合子、C/G杂合子、G/G纯合子基因型频率分别为4.5%、18.5%、77.0%;C、G等位基因频率分别为13.8%、86.2%。健康对照者C/C纯合子、C/G杂合子、G/G纯合子基因型频率分别为5.6%、25.9%、68.5%;C、G等位基因频率分别为18.5%、81.5%。两组人群-137位点基因型分布无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论：IL-18启动子区-607、-137位点基因多态性与中国汉族人群肺结核病易感性无关。     

TDI-FP法检测肿瘤患者ERCC1 Asn118Asn基因多态性

目的建立一种可靠、敏感、全面的ERCC1 Asn118Asn基因多态性检测新方法,用于预测肿瘤患者对铂类的耐药性。方法以ERCC1基因第4个外显子Asn118Asn的一对引物行PCR扩增227例临床样本DNA,将荧光偏振检测技术与模板指导的末端延伸反应(TD I-FP)结合,应用探针杂交延伸反应对临床样本扩增产物进行ERCC1 Asn118Asn基因多态性检测,并以DNA序列测定验证检测结果。结果227例临床样本DNA中,119例(52.4%)ERCC1 Asn118Asn基因为C/C纯合子(AAC)基因型,88例(38.8%)为C/T杂合子基因型,20例(8.8%)为T/T纯合子(AAT)基因型。但DNA序列测定法检出杂合子基因型仅33例。结论本研究初步建立了特异性较好、操作简便、无需标记探针的临床标本ERCC1 Asn118Asn基因多态性检测新方法,有望用于肿瘤患者铂类耐药性的检测。     

苏州地区汉族人胶原受体α_2基因编码序列C807T基因多态性研究

目的　研究苏州地区汉族人胶原受体α2 基因编码序列中与血小板表面α2 β1 的表达相关的C80 7T基因多态性特点。方法　应用PCR技术结合BglⅡ和AseⅠ酶切分析、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、溴乙锭染色及DNA测序分析 ,研究了苏州地区 110名汉族人α2 基因编码序列C80 7T基因多态性特点。结果　苏州地区汉族人等位基因T80 7与等位基因C80 7的频率分别为 0 .2 91和 0 .70 9,总理论杂合率为 41%。等位基因 80 7T T纯合子、等位基因 80 7C T杂合子和等位基因 80 7C C纯合子的频率分别为0 0 18,0 .5 46和 0 .436。结论　苏州地区汉族人α2 基因的C80 7T基因多态性与其他人种差异显著     

利用PCR-SSP技术检测TAP2等位基因多态性

目的：探讨利用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物（PCR-SSP）技术检测TAP2等位基因多态性的方法及其可行性。方法用盐析法抽提随机健康人群DNA 样本,以PCR-SSP技术为基础,根据 TAP2*0101,TAP2*0102,TAP2*0103,TAP2*0201四种等位基因型的全序列特点,选取 TAP2mRNA 1308C-T ,1693A-G ,1951C-T等位基因上三个突变位点,使用primer5．0软件设计引物,通过PCR-SSP电泳获得等位基因不同的结果。结果根据PCR-SSP电泳结果获得的不同等位基因的格局图,清晰地得出每个个体的纯合子、杂合子情况,将TAP2所有类型完全分析清楚。结论该方法可确实有效地分型 TPA2等位基因,成本低,操作方便,适合大规模批量地进行人群调查。此技术可用于人类群体遗传学调查,为研究TAP2基因多态性与疾病的关联性提供技术平台。     

RhD血型基因定型在新生儿溶血病产前诊断的应用

目的 检测血液RhD血型基因型并应用于新生儿溶血病(HDN)的产前诊断。方法 采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)方法,根据PCR产物的强弱判定RhD基因型。结果36名个体血液样本中,10名为RhD-／RhD-纯合子,3名为RhD ／RhD-杂合子,23名为RhD ／RhD-纯合子。结论 该方法可以准确检测出RhD血型基因型,并可用于RhD血型不合引起HDN的产前诊断。     

冠心病患者同型半胱氨酸代谢相关酶基因多态性的研究

对209例冠心病患者和101名健康对照组,采用多聚酶链反应-限制内切酶片段长度多态性技术检测甲烯四氢还原酶(MTHFR)基因C677T,用扩增阻滞突变体系法检测胱硫醚缩合酶(CBS)基因T833C多态性,采用高压液相色谱法测定同型半脱氨酸血浆水平。结果:患者组MTHFR基因T纯合基因型和杂合基因频率(分别为27.8%和45.4%)显著高于正常对照组(分别为22.8%和34.6%),两组基因型和等位基因频率分布差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。CBS基因在患者组发现21例突变纯合子,正常组中发现2名突变纯合子,两组基因型和等位基因频率分布差异有非常显著意义(P<0.01),同…     

西北汉族女性ACTN3基因多态性频率分布特征

目的调查汉族普通女性人群ACTN3基因多态性频率分布特征。方法选择18～22岁西北籍汉族健康女学生226例作为研究对象,用荧光实时定量PCR法分析ACTN3基因的多态性频率分布特点。结果 ACTN3基因R577X多态位点分布频率符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,ACTN3基因R577X杂合子RX基因型频率为22.1%,纯合子RR为40.4%,XX为37.5%,RX基因型频率多于XX基因型(P<0.05),ACTN3基因R577X多态位点R等位基因频率为51.3%,高于X等位基因频率48.7%(P<0.05)。结论从种族单一性、样本数量和年龄段的选择等因素考虑,本研究结果可以作为西北籍汉族女性ACTN3基因R577X多态性频率分布的代表。     

AS-PCR法检测CLU基因SNP位点方法的建立

目的基于等位基因特异性PCR(allele-specific PCR,AS-PCR)原理,建立一种QPCR检测CLU基因与阿尔兹海默病(AD)相关性SNP位点基因型的筛选方法。方法根据CLU基因上的rs11136000,rs2279590和rs9331888 3个SNP位点设计特异性的野生型、突变型引物,使用实时荧光定量PCR(QPCR)对AD患者外周血样本进行SNP基因分型,以DNA基因测序法结果作为参考标准。结果 10例样本的QPCR定量分型结果显示,CLU基因rs11136000位点检测到CC基因型7例,CT基因型3例,未发现TT基因型;CLU基因rs2279590位点检测到CC基因型7例,CT基因型3例,未发现TT基因型;CLU基因rs9331888位点检测到CC基因型3例,CT基因型4例,TT基因型3例。检测结果与基因测序法结论完全一致。结论基于AS-PCR技术的QPCR检测法可以高效、简洁的对CLU基因上的SNP位点进行基因分型,并为后续大量AD临床样本的SNP筛查提供了一种新的检验方法。     

抑郁症易感性与5-羟色胺转运体基因的多态性

目的:探讨5-羟色胺转运体启动子区域基因多态性和抑郁症之间是否存在关联性。方法:运用聚合酶链反应和限制性片断长度多态性技术,检测抑郁症患者(患者组,n=60)和正常人(对照组,n=65)的5-羟色胺转运蛋白启动子区多态性的分布频率。结果:按意向处理分析,纳入结果分析患者组为60例,对照组为65人。①5-羟色胺转运蛋白启动子区基因型和等位基因频率比较:患者组和对照组5-羟色胺转运蛋白启动子区的S/S基因型频率分别为43.3%和20.0%,S等位基因频率分别为60.8%和43.8%,差异均有显著性(χ2=7.591,7.214;P<0.05)。②5-羟色胺转运蛋白启动子区基因多态性:所有被检测者共出现3种基因型:纯合子L/L(419bp,419bp)、杂合子S/L(375bp,419bp),S/S(375bp,375bp)。结论:抑郁症患者比正常人有较高频率的S/S基因型和S等位基因,5-羟色胺转运蛋白启动子区的S等位基因可能是抑郁症的易感基因之一。     

Polymorphisms in the neurokinin-2 receptor gene are associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough

Background and objective:  Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors can induce chronic cough in many patients. Genetic variations in the neurokinin 2 receptor gene (NK2R) are significantly associated with cough sensitivity to capsaicin.
Methods:  This study assessed the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in the NK2R gene and chronic cough in 91 patients taking ACE inhibitors. Patients included in the study did not have chest abnormalities, postnasal drip, gastroesophageal reflux or a recent history of upper respiratory infection.
Results:  We detected two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the NK2R gene (i.e., Gly231Glu and Arg375His). The allelic frequencies at amino acid 231 were 36·3% for Gly/Gly, 49·5% for Gly/Glu and 14·3% for Glu/Glu. The allelic frequencies at amino acid 375 were 74·7% for Arg/Arg, 24·2% for Arg/His and 1·1% for His/His. The prevalence of chronic cough in patients with the amino acid 231 genotype was 33·3% in Gly/Gly homozygotes, 24·4% in Gly/Glu heterozygotes and 0% in Glu/Glu homozygotes. There was a statistically significant association between chronic cough and the Glu/Glu allele ( P  = 0·028) when the data were analyzed with a recessive model. In addition, there was a significant inverse linear association between the number of Glu231 alleles and ACE inhibitor-related cough ( P  =   0·026). The prevalence of chronic cough in patients with the amino acid 375 genotype was 22·1% in Arg/Arg homozygotes, 31·8% in Arg/His heterozygotes and 0% in His/His homozygotes, although none of these association were statistically significant.
Conclusion:  Our findings indicate that the Gly231Glu polymorphism is associated with a lower prevalence of ACE inhibitor-related cough.     

强直性脊柱炎患者HLA-B~* 27基因亚型及序列研究

目的研究已确诊的强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者HLA-B*27亚型的43个等位基因分布情况,为本地区临床诊断AS提供理论和实践基础。方法经HLA-B*27低分辨基因检测阳性的AS确诊患者标本70份应用PCR-SSP检测;在判读结果为B位点杂合子的27份中随机抽取17份,加上因HLA-B位点多态性及试剂盒局限性而无法判定确切结果的3份标本应用PCR-SBT检测。结果 50名患者表达HLA-B*2704阳性(包括纯合子31名,杂合子19名)2,1名患者表达HLA-B*2705阳性(包括:纯合子10名,杂合子11名),其中1名患者同时表达HLA-B*2704/2705杂合。HLA-B*2704合计阳性率为71.42%,占总标本数的70.41%;HLA-B*2705合计阳性率为30.01%,占总标本数的29.59%。通过直接计算法得出B*2704等位基因频率为0.578 6,B*2705等位基因频率为0.285 7。结论上海地区AS就诊患者HLA-B*27基因亚型为HLA-B*2704和HLA-B*2705此2种,以HLA-B*2704为主。配合应用PCR-SSP与PCR-SBT此2种分型方法具有互补意义,可以获得较为准确的分型结果。     

PCR-SSP方法对西北地区回族NA抗原基因分型

目的:通过NA基因分型,了解中国西北地区回族人群NA基因多态性。方法:用PCR-SSP方法对115名健康、无血缘关系个体进行NA 基因分型。结果:在研究对象中NA1 基因频率为0.5696,NA2 基因频率为0.4304。结论:在我国西北地区回族中,NA杂合子多于纯合子,NA1 基因基因频率高于NA2     

Extended major histocompatibility complex haplotypes in patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy.

We have studied major histocompatibility complex markers in randomly ascertained Caucasian patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy and their families. The frequencies of extended haplotypes, defined as haplotypes of specific HLA-B, DR, BF, C2, C4A, and C4B allelic combinations, occurring more frequently than expected, were compared on patient chromosomes, on normal chromosomes from the study families, and on chromosomes from normal families. Over half of patient chromosomes consisted almost entirely of two extended haplotypes [HLA-B8, DR3, SC01] and [HLA-B44, DR7, FC31] which, with nonextended HLA-DR7, accounted for the previously observed HLA markers of this disease: HLA-B8, DR3, and DR7. There was no increase in HLA-DR3 on nonextended haplotypes or in other extended haplotypes with HLA-DR3 or DR7. The distribution of homozygotes and heterozygotes for HLA-DR3 and DR7 was consistent with recessive inheritance of the major histocompatibility complex-linked susceptibility gene for gluten-sensitive enteropathy. On the other hand, by odds ratio analysis and from the sum of DR3 and DR7 homozygotes compared with DR3/DR7 heterozygotes, there was an increase in heterozygotes and a decrease in homozygotes suggesting the presence of modifying phenomena.     

HLA-Cw位点低分辨基因分型"纯合子"的等位基因特性研究

目的 研究HLA-Cw位点低分辨基因分型"纯合子"的等位基因特性,为临床移植配型提供精确资料.方法 在43例血缘关系造血干细胞移植(HSCT)供受者中,对中国最常见的低分辨基因分型Cw*03和Cw*07的"纯合子"个体采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)高分辨基因分型方法 进行等位基因定型,并采用自主研制的三维结构匹配软件系统(HLA StrucMark version1.0)对其等位基因产物进行三维结构匹配,以预测不同分辨率分型结果 对移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)发生的影响.结果 低分辨基因分型Cw*03、Cw*07"纯合子"个体的高分辨基因分型结果 显示Cw*03及Cw*07的纯合子分别为14%和43%,其余均为Cw*03及Cw*07杂合子个体.可见其低分辨基因分型易造成供受者问等位基因的错配;在有家系校正的情况下,标本的低分辨模糊结果 可以通过家系遗传分析来校正定型;在无家系校正的情况下,应通过高分辨基因分型来确定等位基因,三维结构差异分析则显示这些错配有可能造成HSCT后GVHD的发生.结论 当低分辨基因分型结果 只出现Cw位点"纯合子"时,有家系的标本应当以家系分型结果 校正定型,无家系校正的标本应当用高分辨基因分型方法 进行核实,从而为临床移植提供准确的配型报告,以防止无关供-受者HSCT后因等位基因错配而引起的严重GVHD.     

Simultaneous determination of 7 N-acetyltransferase-2 single-nucleotide variations by allele-specific primer extension assay

BACKGROUND: Genotyping of N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) is useful in predicting the risk for toxicity of NAT2 substrates. Current methods cannot detect the 7 most important single-nucleotide variations in NAT2 simultaneously in 1 tube. METHODS: We developed an assay that uses allele-specific primer extension (ASPE) and microsphere hybridization for the simultaneous detection of 7 single-nucleotide variations in NAT2. Using 12 samples previously genotyped by a TaqMan-based assay for method development and as positive controls, we amplified the genetic locus of NAT2 comprising the single-nucleotide variations of interest by PCR and then performed ASPE with allele-specific primers and biotinylated dCTP followed by bead hybridization and streptavidin-R-phycoerythrin binding. Genotypes were determined according to the allele-specific fluorescent signal ratios. RESULTS: The mean (SD) allelic ratios for homozygous common, heterozygous variant, and homozygous variant NAT2 genotypes were 0.0394 (0.0113) (n = 80), 0.4372 (0.0270) (n = 148), and 0.9331 (0.0127) (n = 325). The assay had 100% (95% confidence interval, 99%-100%) within-run reproducibility for 12 samples repeated 6 times and 100% (98%-100%) between-run reproducibility for a 5-sample subset run on 6 different days. NAT2 genotypes of 30 blinded samples determined by this assay were 100% (98%-100%) concordant with results obtained using the TaqMan method. CONCLUSIONS: The developed assay can simultaneously determine single-nucleotide variations in NAT2. The assay demonstrates no overlap in allele-specific signal ratios between homozygous common, heterozygous, and homozygous variant and shows agreement with a reference method and reproducibility of genotype identification.     

Periostin基因多态性与苏皖汉族人群冠心病发病的初步研究

目的研究Periostin（POSTN）基因多态性与苏皖汉族人群冠心病发病的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应一限制性片段长度多态法检测POSTN基因启动子区位点（SNPA-953T）基因型。观察POSTN基因突变率与冠心病发病的可能关系。结果证实在中国人群POSTNA一953T存在1Tr基因型。冠心病患者基因型分布：POSTNA-953T（AA型275例,AT型202例,TT型16例）。正常人群基因型分布：POSTNA-953T（AA型368例,AT型266例,TT型31例）。POSTN基因型分布冠心病组与正常人群间差异无显著性意义。结论POSTN基因多态性与冠心病发病危险未发现明显相关。     

Frequency of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in Turkish hypertensive patients

Hypertension is a multifactorial disease, in which genetic factors play an important role. This study was carried out to determine angiotensin-converting enzyme levels and angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in Turkish hypertensive patients, and to establish whether there is an association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism with clinical and echocardiographic parameters. We have investigated the association among the allelic distribution of the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene identified by polymerase chain reaction, angiotensin-converting enzyme activity determined spectrophotometrically, cardiac morphology and function assessed by means of echocardiography. Distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism and allele frequencies in hypertensive patients was not significantly different from controls. D allele frequency was 51.7% in hypertensives vs. 51.9% in controls and I allele 48.3 vs. 48.1%, respectively. The level of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was significantly higher in the patients homozygotes for D allele (DD = 59.93 U/l) than in heterozygotes (ID = 39.49) and in homozygotes for I allele (II = 40.28 U/l). In addition to these, the level of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was significantly lower in the ID and especially II patients receiving ACE inhibitors than the others. Also, it was determined that left atrium diameter was larger in the patients homozygotes for I allele than the others.     

β-Thalassemia in the American Negro

In Italian patients with high hemoglobin A(2) beta-thalassemia trait, the synthesis of beta-chains of adult hemoglobin in the peripheral blood is approximately one-half that of alpha-chains. In this study the relative rates of beta- and alpha-chain synthesis were determined in 26 Negro heterozygotes and five homozygotes for beta-thalassemia in six families. The beta/alpha ratio of globin synthesis was decreased in only 15 heterozygotes, whereas in the other 11, beta/alpha globin synthesis was in the normal range or was slightly increased. These unusual findings did not appear to be due to the presence of alpha-thalassemia or a hyperactive "normal" beta-allele. This study demonstrates that the beta/alpha ratio of globin synthesis in the peripheral blood is normal in some patients with beta-thalassemia trait. In five Negro homozygotes with relatively mild clinical disease the beta/alpha ratios were similar to those of Caucasians with Cooley's anemia. Further studies are needed to explore the relationship between normal synthesis ratios in many Negro heterozygotes and milder clinical disease in homozygotes in the same families.     

The role of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genotypes in alcohol-induced vasospastic angina.

Alcohol ingestion often provokes attacks in patients with vasospastic angina. Type 2 aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) deficiency, which is based on a single point mutation (Glu487Lys) of the ALDH2 gene, is common in the Japanese population, but rare among the Caucasian population. We investigated how the genotype of ALDH2 affects the characteristics of alcohol-induced vasospastic angina. Ninety-one patients with vasospastic angina who had ingested alcohol daily or occasionally were studied. Patients had been diagnosed as vasospastic angina by a provocation test with an intracoronary injection of ergonovine or acetylcholine during coronary angiography. The Glu487Lys mutation was detected by allele specific PCR. We interviewed the patients to obtain information concerning the relationship between alcohol ingestion and anginal attacks. Alcohol ingestion induced attacks in 16 of 66 patients without the Glu487Lys mutation, 8 of 22 in heterozygotes, and 1 of 3 in mutant homozygotes. The intervals between alcohol ingestion and the onset of anginal attacks were shorter in homozygotes (0.17 hours) and heterozygotes (1.5+/-0.6 hours) for ALDH2*2 than in normal homozygotes for ALDH2*1 (5.4+/-0.6 hours). The amount of ethanol which induced attacks was significantly greater in normal homozygotes than in homozygotes (11 ml) and heterozygotes (42.5+/-7.1 ml) for ALDH2*2 (96.1+/-13.4 ml in normal patients). The frequency of anginal attacks induced by alcohol ingestion did not differ between ALDH deficient and normal homozygotes. In ALDH deficient patients, however, anginal attacks were induced by a smaller amount of alcohol immediately after its ingestion. Thus, the ALDH2 genotype modifies the characteristics of the anginal attacks as a co-factor for the induction of vasospastic angina after alcohol ingestion.