硬膜外分娩镇痛对产妇血浆D-二聚体水平的影响

目的了解硬膜外分娩镇痛对产妇血浆D-二聚体水平的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级、单胎头位、无难产因素存在、宫缩正常、年龄在20~35岁的初产妇80例为研究对象,随机分为硬膜外分娩镇痛组(E组)和自然分娩组(C组),每组40例。分别于镇痛前(T0)、宫口开全(T1)、胎儿娩出时(T2)、产后24h(T3)、72h(T4)采集静脉血标本,用免疫比浊法测D-二聚体水平,观察产后2h和24h产妇出血量。结果血浆D-二聚体水平于T0后各时点E组明显低于C组(P<0.05)。与T0相比,E组各时点D-二聚体水平均降低(P<0.05),C组在T1~T3各时点显著升高(P<0.05)。两组产后2h和24h产妇出血量差异无显著意义。结论硬膜外分娩镇痛可降低产妇血浆D-二聚体水平,改善分娩前后产妇血液高凝状态,利于预防静脉血栓形成,而对产后出血量无影响。     

七氟醚对大鼠急性肾缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨七氟醚对急性肾缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法SD大鼠18只,随机均分为缺血-再灌注组(I/R组)、七氟醚组(S组)和对照组(C组)。建立大鼠急性肾缺血-再灌注损伤模型,缺血-再灌注后3h分别检测血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及观察肾组织的病理学变化。结果与C组比较,I/R组和S组血清BUN、Cr水平显著增加(P<0.05),但S组BUN、Cr低于I/R组(P<0.05)。与I/R组比较,S组SOD显著升高,MDA显著降低(P<0.05)。S组肾组织病理损伤分级明显低于I/R组(P<0.05)。结论七氟醚对大鼠急性肾缺血-再灌注损伤具有保护作用,抑制氧自由基反应可能是其重要机制。     

肺超声评分鉴别急性胰腺炎病情危重程度及预后评估

目的观察肺超声评分(LUS)鉴别急性胰腺炎(AP)病情危重程度及预后评估。方法前瞻性纳入2021年8月至2023年4月郑州大学第二附属医院重症医学科54例AP患者, 根据严重程度将其分为中度急性胰腺炎(MAP)组和重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)组。根据SAP组出院时预后情况将患者分为预后良好组与预后不良组, 于入院24 h内行肺部超声检查及实验室检查, 观察各指标组间差异, 绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线, 采用DeLong检验比较曲线下面积(AUC), 检验LUS对AP患者病情严重程度及预后的评估价值。结果 MAP组LUS低于SAP组[(10.23±2.29)分比(15.15±3.18)分, t=-7.414, P<0.05];MAP组APACHE Ⅱ评分低于SAP组[(5.80±1.63)分比(10.71±3.28)分, t=-7.183, P<0.05];MAP组PCT低于SAP组[(1.24±0.51) ng/ml比(15.35±13.98) ng/ml, t=-5.539, P<0.05];MAP组Lac低于SAP组[(1.10±0.59) mmol/L比(6....     

桂枝去桂加茯苓白术汤治疗急性肾损伤的临床效果

目的:探讨桂枝去桂加茯苓白术汤治疗急性肾损伤的临床效果。方法:通过选取临床诊断为AKI的患者60例,采用随机原则把患者分为实验组(A组)和对照组(B组),并按照AKI分级标准将两组患者各分为三级,分别为:A1组、A2组、A3组与B1组、B2组、B3组,每小组10人,通过跟踪监测血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr),对比观察桂枝去桂加茯苓白术汤治疗和常规治疗的临床疗效。结果:在治疗组中,血清BUN和Cr呈下降趋势,对照组下降不明显。同级实验组和对照组比较,其组间比较BUN、Cr水平均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗时间对BUN、Cr影响仅A3组与B3组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。时间和治疗因素的交互影响中,仅A3组与B3组间的BUN水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余各比较组间的BUN、Cr水平均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:急性肾损伤患者在常规治疗基础上,加用桂枝去桂加茯苓白术汤,能在较短时间内明显降低BUN和Cr,促进肾功能恢复。     

丹参川芎嗪对肺心病急性加重期患者尿NGAL、KIM-1的影响

目的:观察丹参川芎嗪对肺心病急性加重期患者尿液中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipoealin,u NGAL)、尿液肾脏损伤分子-1(urinary kidney injury molecule-1,u KIM-1)的影响。方法:104例慢性肺心病急性加重期患者被随机分成治疗组、对照组,进行临床分析。对照组50例,给予常规氧疗、平喘、抗感染、纠正呼衰、心衰等治疗;治疗组54例,常规治疗基础上给予丹参川芎嗪注射液(10 ml,加入0.9%氯化钠250 ml中静脉滴注,1次/d)治疗。检测两组治疗前后u NGAL、u KIM-1、Scr、BUN,根据公式估算GFR(e GFR),并进行比较分析。结果:两组治疗后u NGAL、u KIM-1水平与治疗前相比显著下降(均P0.01);两组治疗后组间比较,治疗组u NGAL、u KIM-1水平较对照组明显下降[(109.7±40.5比152.8±60.4)ng/ml;(37.4±13.1比57.1±21.9)ng/ml,均P0.05];两组治疗前后Scr、BUN、e GFR水平均无显著变化(均P0.05)。结论:丹参川芎嗪可以显著降低肺心病急性加重期患者尿液中的u NGAL、u KIM-1水平,对此类患者的早期肾损伤具有一定的治疗保护作用,值得临床应用。     

妊高征患者蛋白尿及肾功能与围产期结局的关系

目的:探讨妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)患者蛋白尿、肾功能与围产期结局的关系.方法:测定150例妊高征患者和40例正常孕产妇的24 h尿蛋白定量、血清尿素氮(BUN)、尿酸(UA)、肌酐(Cr)、钙(Ca2 )和血压水平.结果:(1)妊高征患者分娩时间明显提前,早产儿发生率和围产儿病死率均明显高于正常妊娠组(P<0.01),新生儿体重则明显低于正常妊娠对照组(P<0.001).(2)妊高征组血压、BUN、UA、Cr、24 h尿蛋白量均明显高于正常妊娠组(P<0.001),而白蛋白(Alb)、Ca2 均明显低于正常妊娠组(P<0.001).(3)随着收缩压的升高和24 h尿蛋白量的增加,新生儿体重逐渐降低(P<0.001).(4)随着24 h尿蛋白量的增加,分娩周数逐渐缩短(P<0.05),血压、BUN、UA、Cr均逐渐升高(P<0.001),而Alb和Ca2 则逐渐降低(P<0.001).(5)相关分析表明新生儿体重与分娩周数、Ca2 呈明显正相关,而与24 h尿蛋白量、SBp、BUN呈明显负相关;24 h尿蛋白量与分娩周数、新生儿体重、DBp、BUN、UA、Alb、Ca2 等7项指标呈明显相关性;BUN与分娩周数、新生儿体重、24 h尿蛋白量、UA、Cr、Ca2 等6项指标呈明显相关性;UA与分娩周数、24 h尿蛋白量、BUN、Cr、Alb、Ca2 等6项指标呈明显相关性;Ca2 则与分娩周数、新生儿体重、24 h尿蛋白量、SBp、DBp、BUN、UA、Cr、Alb等9项指标均呈明显相关性.结论:血压、24 h尿蛋白量、尿素氮、尿酸和钙的变化与妊高征患者的病情及围产儿预后密切相关,不仅可作为临床监测指标,而且对妊高征的诊断和治疗以及改善母婴预后均有十分重要的意义.     

早期短时静脉-静脉血液透析滤过对重症急性胰腺炎病人合并急性肾损伤的治疗

目的:研究早期短时静脉-静脉血液透析滤过(short veno-venous hemodiafiltration,SVVHDF)对重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)病人合并急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)的治疗效果。方法:SAP合并AKI的25例病人包括SVVHDF组(15例)和对照组(10例)。监测两组病人治疗前、后血清肌酐(Cr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血pH值和APACHEⅡ评分的变化,以及SVVHDF组病人在SVVHDF治疗过程中呼吸频率(RR)、心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、电解质(K+、Na+及Cl-)、临床症状和体征的变化。结果:SVVHDF治疗12 h后,SVVHDF组病人的BUN、Cr和APACHEⅡ评分明显降低(P<0.05),血pH值明显升高(P0.05);SVVHDF组病人腹痛消失、腹胀缓解时间均较对照组明显缩短(P0.05)。结论:早期应用SVVHDF能迅速缓解SAP合并AKI病人的症状和体征,显著改善病情并逆转肾功能不全。     

硬膜外分娩镇痛对产妇血浆皮质醇、血栓素B2和6-酮-前列腺素水平的影响

目的研究硬膜外分娩镇痛对产妇血浆皮质醇(Cor)、血栓素B2(TXB2)和6-酮-前列腺素(6-Keto-PGF1α)水平的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级初产妇80例,随机均分为硬膜外分娩镇痛组(E组)和自然分娩组(C组)。分别于镇痛前(T0)、宫口开全时(T1)、胎儿娩出时(T2)、产后24h(T3)、72h(T4)采肘静脉血,放免法测血浆Cor、TXB2和6-Keto-PGF1α水平;计算TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α(T/K)比值,观察产后2和24h产妇出血量。结果E组镇痛前后各时点血浆Cor水平差异无统计学意义,T1~T3时点的血浆Cor水平均显著低于C组(P<0.05)。C组的TXB2、6-Keto-PGF1α和T/K比值在T1~T3时点与T0时点相比均显著升高(P<0.05),但E组在此三个时点的这三项指标均未明显升高,且显著低于C组(P<0.05)。结论硬膜外分娩镇痛可有效抑制产妇血浆Cor水平上升,降低血浆T/K比值,对改善产妇的血液高凝状态有一定作用。     

全产程分娩镇痛与第一产程分娩镇痛对妊娠高血压综合征产妇产程的影响

目的比较全产程分娩镇痛与第一产程分娩镇痛用于合并妊娠高血压综合征产妇的安全性及有效性。方法选择2015年3~11月于北京妇产医院分娩的产妇196例,年龄22~35岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。所有产妇均为初产、单胎和足月妊娠,诊断妊娠高血压综合征。随机将入选产妇分为全产程分娩镇痛组(T组)和第一产程活跃期分娩镇痛组(F组)。T组在出现子宫规律收缩后进行分娩镇痛,持续应用镇痛泵至第三产程结束;F组在出现子宫规律收缩且进入第一产程活跃期(子宫口开至3cm)后进行分娩镇痛,子宫口开全后,由生理盐水代替泵内麻醉药物至第三产程结束。记录镇痛前、镇痛后10、60min、宫口开全、第二产程屏气用力和胎头娩出时的MAP和VAS评分;记录应用缩宫素例数和第二产程屏气用力时Bromage评分;记录第一、第二、第三产程时间、分娩方式、子痫和产后出血情况。结果第二产程屏气用力时,T组MAP明显低于F组[(106.0±7.0)mm Hg vs.(115.4±7.3)mm Hg,P0.05],VAS评分明显低于F组[(2.0±1.1)分vs.(5.1±1.2)分,P0.05];胎头娩出时,T组MAP明显低于F组[(106.2±7.2)mm Hg vs.(116.0±7.6)mm Hg,P0.05],VAS评分明显低于F组[(1.9±1.2)分vs.(5.2±1.3)分,P0.05];T组应用缩宫素例数明显多于F组[50(51%)vs.35(35%),P0.05]。两组Bromage评分、产程时间、分娩方式和相关不良反应差异无统计学意义。结论全产程分娩镇痛可安全有效地应用于合并妊娠高血压综合征的产妇。     

山莨菪碱对横纹肌溶解致急性肾损伤大鼠肾组织内HO-1表达及肾功能的影响

目的:观察横纹肌溶解致急性肾损伤大鼠肾功能指标、血浆Mb、MDA、肾组织HO-1表达的变化,以及山莨菪碱对上述指标的影响。方法:将42只大鼠随机分为对照组(CN)、模型组(AKI)、山莨菪碱组(AD)。采用甘油肌注法建立横纹肌溶解致急性肾损伤大鼠模型。血生化分析法检测血浆BUN、Cr、CK;硫代巴比妥酸法检测血浆MDA;ELISA法检测血浆Mb;免疫组织化学法和WesternBlot法检测肾组织中HO-1的表达。结果:AKI组血浆BUN、Cr、MDA、CK、Mb与CN组相比明显升高(P<0.05、P<0.01);AD组1、6、24h血浆BUN均显著低于同期AKI组(P<0.05、P<0.01);AD24h组血浆Cr明显低于同期AKI组(P<0.01);AD6h、AD24h组血浆MDA明显低于同期AKI组(P<0.01);AD组1、6h血浆CK明显低于同期AKI组(P<0.05、P<0.01);AD24h组血浆Mb显著低于同期AKI组(P<0.05)。免疫组化和Western Blot结果显示,AKI6h组及AKI24h组HO-1表达均显著强于CN组(P<0.01);AD6h组、AD24h组HO-1表达均显著高于同期AKI组(P<0.01)。血浆Mb水平与BUN、Cr呈显著正相关(r=0.872,P=0.000;r=0.716,P=0.000);血浆MDA水平与HO-1/GAPDH比值呈显著正相关(r=0.884,P=0.000)。结论:山莨菪碱可通过减少Mb的产生、上调肾组织内HO-1的表达以及抑制氧化应激反应发挥其肾脏保护作用。     

Early diagnosis of contrast-induced renal damage and the protective effect of hydration therapy

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of urine neutrophil gelatinase apolipoprotein (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) as markers of CIN, and the effectiveness of hydration therapy in the prevention of CIN. Methods One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into control group and treatment group. The patients of treatment group received hydration therapy through intravenous fluid infusion. Urine samples were taken for detecting the value of albumin (mAlb), NGAL, and KIM-1 before surgery (T0), after surgery 12 h (T1), 24 h (T2), 48 h (T3), 72 h (T4) by ELISA assay. The levels of urinary mAlb, Scr, BUN and cystatin C were detected at the same time. Results ⑴ The urine NGAL/Cr and KIM-1/Cr significantly increased and were more than twice the baseline value at the time of 12 h after PCI in 87 of 120 cases of the participants. There are eight cases occurred CIN (6.67%) and one case occurred in hydration treatment group (1.7%), seven cases were in control group (11.7%). The difference was statistically significant. ⑵ There were no significant difference in BUN, Scr, mAlb/Cr, Cys-C and GFR between two groups (P＞0.05). ⑶ NGAL/Cr, KIM-1/Cr were elevated at T1 in both groups (P＜0.01). In hydration treatment group, levels of NGAL/Cr and KIM-1/Cr decreased substantially to the level of T0 at T4(P＜0.01), while in the control group they didn't. ⑷ Area under the ROC curve (AUC) of NGAL/Cr and KIM-1/Cr 12 h after PCI were 0.931 [95% CI (0.889, 0.973)] and 0.811 [95% CI(0.736, 0.886)] respectively (all P＜0.05). Conclusions NGAL and KIM-1 are sensitive and specific indicators for predicting early renal injury induced by contrast medium and can be used for early diagnosis of CIN. Hydration therapy can prevent the contrast agent-induced renal damage.     

肾损伤分子-1、尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶及尿微量白蛋白在重症感染中合并急性肾损伤的临床观察

目的 探讨尿肾损伤分子-1(Kim-1)、尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(N-acecyl-β-D-glucosaminidase,NAG)及尿微量白蛋白(mALB)在重症感染中合并急性肾损伤的敏感性及临床价值.方法 回顾分析60例在本院ICU住院的重症感染合并急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的尿Kim-1、尿NAG及尿m...     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀改善对比剂所致肾功能损害

目的探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀对急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)因对比剂引起的肾功能损害的缓解作用及其可能机制。方法 80例接受PCI的ACS患者随机分为两组,术前2～3天每晚顿服阿托伐他汀40mg(40mg他汀组,n=40)或20mg(20mg他汀组,n=40)。分别于术前8h、术后第1天、第2天测定血超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、胱抑素C(CysC)、血清肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN),检测尿α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、微量白蛋白(mALB),计算肌酐清除率(Ccr)和肾小球滤过率(GFR),并进行统计学分析。结果①PCI术后,40mg他汀组中未发现对比剂肾病(CIN)病例,20mg他汀组中1例患者发生CIN(2.50%)。②与术前相比,术后第1天两组患者的α1-MG、Scr及CysC均明显升高(P均0.05),Ccr及GFR明显降低(P均0.05);与术后第一天比,术后第二天两组患者的α1-MG、Scr及CysC均明显降低(P均0.05),而Ccr及GFR明显升高(P均0.05)。③与术前相比,两组患者术后第1天hsCRP均明显升高(P均0.05);与术前第1天相比,术后第2天hsCRP均无明显变化(P均0.05)。④组间相比,术前及术后两组患者BUN、TRF、mALB、Scr、Ccr、CysC、GFR及hsCRP的差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论 PCI术前2～3天服用阿托伐他汀可有效缓解对比剂所致肾功能损害,其作用机制可能与减轻炎症反应、改善血管内皮功能有关。     

七氟醚预处理对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 评价七氟醚预处理对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠24只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=8):假手术组(S组)、肾缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和七氟醚预处理组(SP组).I/R组和SP组采用切除右肾然后夹闭左侧肾动脉45 min再开放的方法 制备肾缺血再灌注模型.SP组吸入2.2%七氟醚1 h,停止吸入后10 min时进行肾缺血.于再灌注2 h时采集静脉血样,测定血清肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)和胱抑素C(Cys C)的浓度,取肾组织,光镜下及透射电镜下观察病理学结果,并根据肾小管病变程度进行Paller评分.结果 与S组比较,I/R组血清Cr和BUN浓度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),血清Cys C浓度和Paller评分明显升高(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,SP组血清Cys C浓度和Paller评分明显降低(P＜0.05).SP组肾组织损伤程度轻于I/R组.结论 七氟醚预处理可减轻大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on renal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in rats.Methods Twenty-four adult male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=8 each):sham operation group (group S);I/R group; sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SP). After the rats underwent right nephrectomy, renal I/R was produced by occlusion of left renal artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion in I/R and SP groups.In group SP, the rats inhaled 2.2% sevoflurane for 1 h, then the inhalation was stopped and renal ischemia was performed 10 min later. Venous blood samples were collected at 2 h of reperfusion to determine the concentrations of serum creatinine(Cr), urea nitrogen (BUN), cystatin C (Cys C) . The renal tissues were obtained for microscopic examination, and Paller's score was recorded. Results Compared with group S, there was no significant difference in the serum Cr and BUN concentrations (P＞0.05), while the serum Cys C concentration and Paller's score for acute renal tubular injury were significantly increased in group I/R(P＜0.05). The serum Cys C concentration and Paller's score were significantly lower in group SP than in group I/R(P＜0.05).I/R-induced renal injury was significantly reduced in group SP compared with group I/R. Conclusion Preconditioning with sevoflurane can provide significant protection against renal I/R injury.     

一氧化氮对急性胆道感染大鼠肾功能影响作用研究

目的　探讨一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）对实验性急性胆道感染大鼠肾功能的影响作用。方法　Wistar大鼠35只,随机分为急性胆道感染组（AC组）、急性胆道感染加左旋精氨酸组（L组）、左旋硝基精氨酸甲基酯组（N组）、单纯胆道梗阻对照组（O组）和假手术组（SO组）5组,分别测定血浆NO、BUN、Cr值和肾组织一氧化氮合成酶（NOS）活性,并行肝、肾组织病理变化观察。结果　L组NO、NOS高于其余各组（P＜0.05）,BUN、Cr低于AC组和N组（P＜0.05）,而与O组比较差异无显著性意义（P＞0.05）,肾组织病理变化较AC组轻;N组NO、NOS低于其余各组,而BUN、Cr则高于其余各组（P＜0.05）。结论　NO对急性胆道感染72小时大鼠的肾功能有保护作用,其作用机理可能与其舒张肾血管,增加血液灌流量等作用有关。     

丙泊酚对大鼠急性肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨丙泊酚预处理对急性肾缺血再灌注损伤(acute renal ischemia reperfusion injury ,ARIRI)的保护作用及其机制.方法 采用完全随机研究设计(randomized controlled trial,RCT),健康近交系清洁级的雄性SD大鼠63只,随机分为3组:假手术组(A组)、缺血再灌注组(B组)、丙泊酚预处理组(C组),每组21只SD大鼠.采用切除右侧肾,用无损伤微动脉夹夹闭左侧肾蒂60分钟后解除阻断,建立大鼠急性肾缺血再灌注损伤模型.用24号套管针股静脉穿刺置管,实验过程中各组使用微量注射泵注入不同注射液.分别于手术前15分钟、再灌注后2小时、24小时留取血和肾组织标本同时处死大鼠,检测血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及观察这三个时点肾组织的病理学改变.结果 丙泊酚预处理组各个时点的肾组织病理学变化均轻于缺血再灌注组.缺血再灌注组中血清BUN、Cr、MDA和TNF-α水平增加均高于丙泊酚预处理组(p＜0.05),丙泊酚预处理组血清SOD、IL-6水平均高于缺血再灌注组(p＜0.05).结论 丙泊酚预处理组血清BUN、Cr、MDA、TNF-α、SOD、IL-6水平与缺血再灌注组均有统计学差异.结果 表明丙泊酚能减少氧自由基释放,抑制和减少炎症反应,在急性肾缺血再灌注损伤能起到保护肾脏的作用.     

外源性硫化氢在大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤中的保护作用

目的 观察不同剂量外源性硫化氢(H2S)供体硫氢化钠对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤( IRI)的保护作用.方法 健康雄性Wistar大鼠28只随机分为4组,即假手术组( Sham)、肾缺血再灌注(IR)组、硫氢化钠(NaHS)高剂量组、硫氢化钠低剂量组.大鼠右肾切除后,以NaHS作为硫化氢的供体,NaHS高、低剂量组分别经左肾动脉插管,按照1.5 μmol/min、300 nmol/min的剂量连续15 min给药,假手术组及IR组给予同体积生理盐水.停药5 min 后,NaHS组和IR组用无损伤微动脉夹夹闭左侧肾蒂45 min后解除阻断,建立大鼠急性IRI模型,假手术组不夹闭左肾动脉,其他操作同模型组.于肾脏恢复血流24h时留取血和肾组织标本,检测血清尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr);半定量分析肾脏病理损伤;检测肾组织H2S生成率;采用实时定量PCR法检测胱硫醚-β-合成酶(CBS)、胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶(CSE )mRNA表达.结果 与假手术组相比,IR组H2S生成率显著降低(P＜0.01);CBS、CSE mRNA表达显著下降(P＜0.01 );Scr、BUN显著升高(P＜0.01);肾脏病理表现为急性肾小管坏死,且最严重.与IR组相比,NaHS预处理组H2S生成率升高(P＜0.05);CBS、CSE mRNA表达升高(P＜0.01 );Scr、BUN降低(P＜0.01);病理损伤明显减轻.NaHS两个剂量组之间差异无统计学意义.结论 外源性H2S对大鼠IRI具有保护作用.     

不同剂量瑞芬太尼对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量瑞芬太尼对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠60只,体重220～250 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为5组(n=12):假手术组(S组)、模型组(M组)、低、中和高剂量瑞芬太尼组(RL组、RM组和RH组).除S组外均采用夹闭双侧肾动脉45 min后恢复再灌注法建立肾脏缺血再灌注模型.RL组、RM组和RH组于缺血前15min分别经尾静脉输注瑞芬太尼0.2、0.6、1.0μg·kg-1·min-1至再灌注30 min;S组和M组给予等容量生理盐水替代.于再灌注30 min及24 h时经股静脉采集血样1 ml,测定血清BUN及Cr浓度;于再灌注24h时取肾组织,测定MDA含量及SOD、Ca2+-ATP酶活性,光、电镜下观察肾组织病理学结果.结果 与S组比较,其余4组血清BUN和Cr浓度、肾组织MDA含量升高,SOD和Ca2+-ATP酶活性降低(P＜0.05或0.01),肾组织有不同程度的病理学损伤.与M组比较,RL组、RM组和RH组血清BUN和Cr浓度、肾组织MDA含量降低,SOD和Ca2+-ATP酶活性升高(P＜0.05或0.01),肾组织病理学损伤减轻o RL组、RM组和RH组随瑞芬太尼剂量增加,血清BUN和Cr浓度、肾组织MDA含量逐渐降低,SOD和Ca2+-ATP酶活性逐渐升高(P＜0.05或0.01),肾组织病理学损伤逐渐减轻.结论 瑞芬太尼可减轻大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤,且与剂量有关,其机制与抑制脂质过氧化反应、提高Ca2+-ATP酶活性有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of remifentanil on the renal ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Sixty male SD rats weighing 220-250 g were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 12 each): sham operation group (group S), model group (group M), low, median and high doses of remifentanil groups (RL, RM and RH groups). The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 5% chloral hydrate 6 ml/kg. Renal ischemia was induced by clamping the bilateral renal arteries for 45 min using an atraumatwere infused via the caudal vein 15 min before ischemia respectively and the infusion was stopped at 30 min of reperfusion, while S and M groups received equal volume of normal saline instead. Blood samples were collected from the femoral vein at 30 min and 24 h of reperfusion for measurement of serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations. The rats were sacrificed at 24 h of reperfusion and the renal tissues were removed for determination of MDA content, SOD and Ca2+ -ATPase activities. Pathological changes in renal tissues were observed with light and electron microscopes. Results Compared with group S, the concentrations of serum Cr and BUN and content of MDA were significantly increased, while activities of SOD and Ca2+ -ATPase were significantly decreased in the other 4 groups ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01). Compared with group M, the concentrations of serum Cr and BUN and content of MDA were significantly decreased, activities of SOD and Ca2+ -ATPase were significantly increased (P ＜0.05 or 0.01) and the pathological changes were reduced in RH, RM and RL groups. The plasma BUN and Cr concentrations and MDA content were decreased gradually and SOD and Ca2+ -ATPase activities were increased gradually with the increase in the doses of remifentanil in RL, RM and RH groups ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ).Remifentanil infusion significantly attenuated the pathologic changes in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Remifentanil can reduce the renal I/R injury in a dose-dependent manner by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing Ca2+ -ATPase activity.     

Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist on serum adiponectin,urine microalbumin and renal pathology of obese mice

Objective To investigate the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist on serum adiponectin (ADP), urine microalbumin (mALB) and kidney pathology of obese mice, and discuss the significance of PPARγ agonists preventing obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG). Methods Sixteen male ob/ob mice and 8 male C57BL/6 mice which were 8 weeks old were selected in this study. Ob/ob mice were dividing into 2 groups according to body mass: obesity group (M group) and pioglitazone intervention group (T group) which were fed with high lipid chow. C57BL/6 mice were control group (C group) which were fed with ordinary chow for 12 weeks. Body mass, blood glucose, serum ADP, urine mALB were assayed in each group and compared. The morphological changes of kidney were observe by HE staining, glomerular diameters were measured and compared. Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) were positioned by immunohistochemistry, the level of ZO-1 expression in podocyte and podocyte number which was signed with WT1 in each group were evaluated and compared. And then the correlations between serum ADP, urine mALB, body mass, blood glucose, kidney mass, glomerular diameter, the level of ZO-1 expression, podocyte number were analyzed. Results The serum ADP of obese mice decreased (P＜0.05), and the urine mALB increased (P＜0.05), when compared with that of control group, and there was a negative correlation between ADP and mALB (r＝-0.538, P＜0.01). Renal pathology showed glomerular hypertrophy, in part associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), the expression of ZO-1 in podocyte and podocyte number were lower than that of control group (P＜0.05). After the intervention with pioglitazone, the urine mALB of obese mice reduced (P＜0.01), and the serum ADP level of them was higher than that of obese mice without intervention (P＜0.01). There was no glomerular hypertrophy and glomerulosclerosis in kidney of obese mice, the expression of ZO-1 in podocyte and podocyte number were higher than that of obese mice without intervention (P＜0.05). Conclusions The kidneys of obese mice have clinical and pathological changes indicating that obesity can lead to kidney damage. Pioglitazone can make the low serum ADP level of obese mice ameliorated, and make the urine mALB of them reduced. Renal pathological change significantly is alleviated, the expression of ZO-1 in podocyte and podocyte number are increased, indicating pioglitazone can improve renal injury related to obesity.     

AMPK attenuates inflammation to reduce fibrosis induced by acute ischemia reperfusion injury in mice

Objective To observe the effect of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) on attenuating inflammation in fibrosis induced by acute ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) in mice. Methods Forty eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation group (sham group), IRI group, AMPK inhibitor+IRI group (AMPK/IRI group) and normal saline+IRI group (NS/IRI group), 12 mice each group. The mice with renal IRI were occluded for 30 min through clipping bilateral renal pedicle, then released renal perfusion. Mice in sham group were performed the separation of renal pedicle without clipping. Mice in AMPK/IRI group and NS/IRI group were respectively intraperitoneal injected AMPK inhibitor and normal saline before IRI. At the 2 d after operation, 6 randomly-selected mice from each group were blooded by extraction eyeball to detect BUN and Scr. The renal histopathological changes were observed through HE staining. The mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was detected by real time PCR, and the level of AMPK phosphorylation was detected by Western blotting. At the 14 d after operation, Collagen 1 (COL1), α-SMA and fibronectin (FN) were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting in 6 remained mice from each group. The degree of kidney fibrosis was observed through sirus red staining. Results Compared with those in sham group, tubular interstitial damage was aggravated (P＜0.05), BUN and Scr were increased (P＜0.05), the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was increased at the 2 d after operation (all P＜0.05), and the level of AMPK phosphorylation was activated in IRI group and NS/IRI group (all P＜0.05); the degree of kidney fibrosis and the expression of COL1, α-SMA and FN were increased obviously at the 14 d (all P＜0.05). Compared with those in IRI group, in AMPK/IRI group tubular interstitial damage was aggravated (P＜0.05), BUN and Scr were increased (all P＜0.05), the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was increased at the 2 d (all P＜0.05), and the level of AMPK phosphorylation was decreased (P＜0.05). Moreover, the degree of kidney fibrosis and the expression of COL1, α-SMA and FN were increased obviously at the 14 d in AMPK/IRI group (all P＜0.05). Conclusions AMPK can ameliorate the acute renal ischemia reperfusion injury induce fibrosis in mice, and the mechanism may be related to the decrease of inflammatory reaction.