Establishment of CUL4A /DDB1 stable expression cell strain and cell models responding to DNA damage

目的 为了鉴定并验证CUL4A-DDB1泛素连接酶复合体中参与DNA损伤修复反应过程的1~2种关键成分在损伤识别、早期及晚期修复中的动态变化,拟构建含有串联亲和纯化(TAP)标签载体并筛选高表达CUL4A/ DDB1的细胞株,建立DNA双链断裂模型.方法 利用PCR获得CUL4A/DDB1基因,构建重组表达载体pNTAP-A-CUL4A/ DDB1;使用顺铂和电离辐射刺激等外界刺激建立合适的DNA双链断裂细胞模型,使用G418筛选稳定表达CUL4A/ DDB1的细胞株.结果 与结论 成功构建pNTAP-A-CUL4A/ DDB1表达载体,建立合适的DNA双链断裂细胞模型,筛选得到稳定表达CUL4A/ DDB1的细胞稳定株,为下一步质谱分析CUL4A-DDB1泛素连接酶在DNA损伤修复过程中的新功能打下基础.     

泛素连接酶CUL4A-DDB1复合体参与DNA损伤修复的研究进展

泛素化修饰在DNA损伤信号中发挥重要功能,包括细胞周期监控、DNA修复、细胞衰老和程序性死亡的调控。CUL4A-DDB1泛素连接酶通过DCAFs靶向调控特异性的底物,启动DNA切除修复机制对受损DNA进行修复。近期的研究表明CUL4A-DDB1泛素连接酶协助DNA修复因子与受损DNA的识别,来维持基因组的稳定性和正确性。     

人MEPE基因稳定表达细胞系的建立及MEPE蛋白在DNA损伤应答中的功能初探

目的构建人MEPE基因真核表达载体,稳定转染人胚肾293T细胞,并建立稳定表达细胞株;初步探讨人MEPE蛋白在DNA损伤应答中的作用。方法将人MEPEcDNA克隆至带有HA标签的真核表达载体pREP10上,构建重组质粒;分别将载体pREP10/MEPE-HA和pREP10/HA转染293T细胞;经潮霉素B加压筛选阳性克隆;用RT-PCR和免疫印迹方法分别在RNA水平和蛋白水平鉴定稳定表达MEPE-HA融合蛋白的阳性细胞株;利用一定浓度的DNA损伤诱导剂喜树碱（camptothecin,CPT）处理细胞,通过MTT比色法检测不同时间点细胞存活率的变化,其趋势即可反映出不同细胞株对DNA损伤诱导剂的敏感性。结果经酶切鉴定及序列分析,人MEPE基因真核表达载体pREP10/MEPE-HA构建正确,转染人293T细胞,筛选出MEPE表达较高的细胞株,并且发现该基因的高表达可以使细胞对DNA损伤诱导剂的耐受性提高。结论成功建立了稳定表达人MEPE的293T细胞株,并对人MEPE蛋白在细胞中对DNA损伤诱导剂敏感性的影响进行了初步探讨,为进一步研究MEPE的功能奠定了基础。     

CD151基因RNAi慢病毒载体构建与稳转细胞株建立

目的构建人的CD151基因RNAi慢病毒载体,并建立A549-CD151i稳定细胞株。方法根据人的CD151基因序列,设计三对RNAi序列,筛选出有效序列,利用此有效序列,合成相对应的Oligo DNA,退火后形成黏性末端的DNA双链,与双酶切后的pshRNA-Lentivector载体连接得到LV-CD151i慢病毒载体,转化TOP10感受态细胞,PCR筛选阳性克隆,并进行测序鉴定。用LV-CD151i和包装质粒共转染慢病毒包装用293T细胞,生产慢病毒并检测获得的病毒滴度。利用所获得的慢病毒感染A549细胞,筛选稳定转染细胞株。结果测序证实,成功构建CD151 RNAi的慢病毒载体,并包装慢病毒,检测病毒悬液的滴度为5×108ifu,并利用此病毒悬液,成功感染A549细胞,筛选到稳定表达细胞株。结论成功构建人CD151基因RNAi慢病毒载体,并建立稳定的A549-CD151i细胞株。     

γ-H2AX分析用于检测电离辐射致HepG2细胞DNA双链断裂的研究

目的 应用γ-H2AX分析检测电离辐射导致肝癌细胞株HepG2基因组DNA双链断裂的情况，并检测在不同细胞周期时相中的表达差异，从而了解不同时相HepG2细胞株的辐射敏感性。方法利用胸腺嘧啶核苷（TdR）阻断HepG2细胞于G1期末，于不同时间点分别得到同步化的S期和G2/M期细胞，用60Coγ射线照射细胞，建立DNA双链断裂模型，采用免疫荧光法和Westemblotting检测γ-H2AX的表达。结果TdR阻断后继续培养至34和40h，分别得到了较高同步化程度的S期和G2／M期HepG2细胞；受照后的HepG2细胞中Y-H2AX表达较照射前显著增高，处于S期的细胞γ-H2AX表达增加更为突出。结论不同周期时相的HepG2细胞受照后均检测出不同程度的DNA双链断裂，其中S期细胞尤为敏感。γ-H2AX对DNA双链断裂快速敏感的反应使γ-H2AX分析在检测早期DNA双链损伤中具有广泛的廊用前景。     

DNA双链断裂残留损伤与癌细胞辐射敏感性研究

目的 了解不同组织来源癌细胞株和人体肿瘤组织原代细胞的DNA双链断裂损伤修复的个体差异性,探寻预测癌细胞辐射敏感性的生物指标。方法 ⁶⁰Co γ射线照射诱发DNA损伤,脉冲电场凝胶电泳检测DNA双链断裂损伤修复,细胞克隆形成能力法检测细胞辐射敏感性。结果 8个不同组织来源癌细胞株的辐射敏感性有较大的差异(D₀为0.65~2.15 Gy),不同细胞株20 Gy γ射线照射诱发产生的DNA双链断裂原初损伤有一定的差别,但与细胞辐射抗性无相关性。辐射敏感细胞SX-10的DNA双链断裂修复缺陷发生在早期快速修复相,而A2780细胞的修复缺陷是发生在晚期慢速修复相。20 Gy照射修复2 h后DNA双链断裂残留量与细胞辐射敏感性指标D₀或SF₂值有显著的相关性。不同个体患者脑肿瘤组织原代细胞之间,辐射诱发DNA双链断裂的修复反应存在明显差异,修复2 h后残留损伤的个体差异性分布类似于癌细胞株。结论 DNA双链断裂残留损伤与癌细胞辐射抗性有显著相关性,可作生物指标预测肿瘤组织细胞对放射治疗的反应性。     

应用脉冲电场凝胶电泳分析X射线诱发人骨肉瘤细胞DNA双链断裂与损伤修复效应

目的 研究电离辐射诱发人骨肉瘤肿瘤细胞DNA双链断裂与辐射损伤修复效应, 观察辐射损伤、损伤修复效应与肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性之间的关系。方法 选用强制均匀电场电泳, 分别测定经不同剂量X射线照射和相同剂量照射后培养不同时间, 人骨肉瘤Rho0和143.B肿瘤细胞株DNA双链断裂。结果 (1)X射线诱发人骨肉瘤肿瘤细胞的DNA双链断裂与辐射剂量呈线性正比关系; (2)培养后的人骨肉瘤肿瘤细胞对辐射诱发的DNA双链断裂具有一定修复能力; (3)Rho0比143.B细胞株具有更高的辐射敏感性; (4)脉冲电场凝胶电泳技术是分析人肿瘤细胞DNA双链断裂的敏感方法。结论 脉冲电场凝胶电泳是分析人肿瘤细胞DNA双链断裂的敏感方法; 电离辐射诱发人骨肉瘤细胞DNA双链断裂与损伤修复效应和肿瘤细胞的辐射敏感性有密切关系。     

α—粒子诱发BEP2D2细胞癌变系的DNA断裂重接修复缺陷与XRCCs修复基因mRNA表达研究

目的 研究α粒子诱发人支气管上皮细胞（BEP2D）癌变细胞系BERP35T－1和BERP35T－4的DNA断裂损伤修复能力，分析其DNA断裂修复基因XRCCs系列的mRNA表达。方法 脉冲电场凝胶电泳法检测DNA双链断裂，RT－PCR分析DNA修复基因的mRNA表达。结果 恶笥转化细胞系BERP35T－1和BERP35T－4受0－150Gy γ射线照射后修复4h的DNA断裂残留损伤显著高于亲本BEP2D细胞，mRNA表达分析显示修复基因XRCC2，XRCC3和Ku80(XRCC5)表达下调2.5-6.5倍，而BERP355－R细胞中DNA－PKcs(XRCC7)表达上调2．4倍。结论 α粒子诱发恶性转化细胞系的DNA链断裂修复机理缺陷，其中部分原因是DNA修复基因的表达抑制。DNA修复缺陷将导致细胞基因组不稳定性，α粒子诱发细胞恶性转化机理可能与此相关。     

慢病毒介导的敲低UBC9表达抑制ERβ类泛素化修饰水平

目的建立稳定敲低UBC9蛋白表达的293T细胞株,检测其对雌激素受体β(ERβ)类泛素化修饰水平的调节作用。方法构建4条针对人UBC9基因的慢病毒短发夹RNA(shRNA)的干扰载体,将其与慢病毒包装辅助质粒共转染293T细胞后,收集病毒上清,感染293T细胞,经嘌呤霉素(puromycin)筛选后获得稳定表达慢病毒介导UBC9 shRNA的混合细胞集落,分别用实时(real-time)PCR和Western印迹方法检测UBC9的表达情况,瞬时转染方法检测UBC9表达水平对ERβ类泛素化修饰水平的影响。结果建立了稳定敲低UBC9的293T细胞株,UBC9降低能够抑制ERβ类泛素化修饰水平。结论 UBC9在ERβ类泛素化修饰反应中发挥重要作用。     

α-粒子诱发BEP2D细胞癌变系的DNA断裂重接修复缺陷与XRCCs修复基因mRNA表达研究

目的 研究α粒子诱发人支气管上皮细胞(BEP2D)癌变细胞系BERP35T-1和BERP35T-4的DNA断裂损伤修复能力,分析其DNA断裂修复基因XRCCs系列的mRNA表达。方法 脉冲电场凝胶电泳法检测DNA双链断裂,RT-PCR分析DNA修复基因的mRNA表达。结果 恶性转化细胞系BERP35T-1和BERP35T-4受0～150Gyγ射线照射后修复4h的DNA断裂残留损伤显着高于亲本BEP2D细胞,mRNA表达分析显示修复基因XRCC2、XRCC3和Ku80(XRCC5)表达下调2.5～6.5倍,而BERP35T4细胞中DNAPKcs(XRCC7)表达上调2.4倍。结论 α粒子诱发恶性转化细胞系的DNA链断裂修复机理缺陷,其中部分原因是DNA修复基因的表达抑制。DNA修复缺陷将导致细胞基因组不稳定性,α粒子诱发细胞恶性转化机理可能与此相关。     

LRP16基因抗紫外线DNA损伤作用的研究

目的根据基因编码序列推测其氨基酸序列，预测LRP16基因编码蛋白的功能并通过实验加以证实。方法利用GeneBank数据库获取LRP16基因序列，然后推测出该基因编码蛋白质的一级结构，对该序列蛋白结构域的同源性进行搜索；将LRP16基因ORF插入pcDNA3．1，构建LRP16基因的真核表达质粒，采用Superfect稳定转染急性粒细胞白血病细胞系HL-60，筛选稳定表达LRP16基因的细胞；以紫外灯照射筛选后有HL-60稳定过表达的HL-60细胞和对照细胞；采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测有LRPl6过表达对HL-60细胞增殖及DNA损伤后修复的影响。结果在LRPl6基因理论蛋白序列的第148至315氨基酸残基之间具有与人类组蛋白H2A1C末端相类似的同源序列hismacro、COG2110和A1PP，同源性高达80％以上。LRP16基因的过表达具有抗紫外线引起HL-60细胞DNA损伤和增强损伤后的修复作用。结论LRP16基因编码蛋白可能具有抗紫外线的DNA损伤作用。     

Differences in repair of radiation induced damage in two human tumor cell lines as measured by cell survival and alkaline DNA unwinding

We studied the relationship between the repair of radiation induced DNA strand breaks and cellular repair kinetics in two human tumor cell lines, NB-100 (neuroblastoma) and HN-1 (squamous cell carcinoma). Damage was quantified using the fluorometric analysis of DNA unwiding (FADU) for DNA damage, and cell survival was assessed using a clonogenic assay. In plateau phase cells repair of sublethal damage was virtually absent in NB-100 after 4 Gy (recovery ratio 1.0), whereas HN-1 cells did show sublethal damage repair (recovery ratio 1.4). Repair of potentially lethal damage was more pronounced in NB-100 cells (recovery ratio 2.3) than in HN-1 cells (recovery ratio 1.7) after 4 Gy. Graded doses of X-rays induced comparable levels of DNA damage in both tumor cell lines. However, in HN-1 cells more DNA strand breaks were repaired after 4 Gy, leaving about 25% of the initial damage unrepaired, whereas in NB-100 about 50% was unrepaired. This higher fraction of unrepaired DNA damage correlated well with the degree of sublethal damage repair which was lower in NB-100 than in HN-1 cell, but it did not correlate with the repair of potentially lethal damage, which was higher in NB-100 than in HN-1. Since the level of damage remaining post-irradiation may be the critical variable for survival, the FADU technique can contribute in elucidating the relationship between radiosensitivity and DNA damage repair capacity.     

丙型肝炎病毒NS3区7个抗原表位融合基因载体的构建及在真核细胞的表达

目的 建立丙型肝炎病毒非结构蛋白3（NS3）区7个辅助T细胞抗原表位融合基因的真核表达载体,并在真核细胞中表达产物,为进一步研究应用HCV NS3序列进行预防HCV感染的DNA免疫的研究创造条件。方法合成3对相互重叠的寡核苷酸引物,涵盖NS3区7个辅助T细胞抗原表位,细胞通过重叠延伸PCR方法,将它们拼接在一起构建了一个多肽融合基因,经克隆测序后,插入真核表达载体pEGFP-N3和pBuDCE中,用构建的pEGFP-DR4质粒分别转染293T和B淋巴细胞系046W,用pBuDCE-DR4质粒转染293T细胞,用Western印迹和流式细胞仪检测其表达。结果经测序证实成功的将丙型肝炎病毒NS3区7个辅助T细胞抗原表位基因序列拼接成融合基因,构建的pEGFP-DR4质粒在293T和B淋巴细胞系046W中均表达了预期的融合蛋白36kD。构建的pBuDCE-DR4质粒在293T细胞中可观察到预期的13kD的多肽融合蛋白。结论本研究建立了能够在真核细胞表达HCVNS3区7个辅助T细胞抗原表位融合基因的细胞系。     

Comparison of repair and rejoining fidelity between two isogenic human ovarian carcinoma cell lines

PURPOSE: The difference in radiosensitivity between two isogenic tumour cell lines was evaluated to determine whether factors such as sublethal and potentially damage repair, DNA double-strand break repair and fidelity of repair can be related to differences in radiosensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cell lines used were the ovarian carcinoma A2780s and a radiation-resistant derivative A2780cp. Radiation response was measured in terms of cell survival, recovery of sublethal (SLD) and potentially lethal damage (PLD), induction of and recovery of DNA strand breaks, and fidelity of DNA repair using a cell-free plasmid assay. RESULTS: While A2780cp was more resistant to radiation than A2780s, it showed less ability for recovery of SLD and PLD. DNA strand-break induction was the same for both cell lines, while only at very high doses did A2780cp show greater DNA strand-break recovery than A2780s. Fidelity of rejoining DNA was significantly higher in the A2780cp cell line. CONCLUSION: The difference in radiosensitivity between these two cell lines was not related to recovery of PLD or SLD or to the induction of DNA damage. It appears that fidelity of DNA rejoining, which was significantly higher in the resistant cell line, may be related to the difference in radiosensitivity.     

Determination of the initial DNA damage and residual DNA damage remaining after 12 hours of repair in eleven cell lines at low doses of irradiation

PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between DNA damage and radiosensitivity at low doses (1-10 Gy) for the initial DNA damage and residual DNA damage remaining after 12-h repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven cell lines, normal human lung epithelial L132, HT29 human colon carcinoma, ATs4 human ataxia telangiectasia, normal CHO-K1 hamster, repair-deficient xrs1 and xrs5 mutants, repair-deficient SCID rodent cell line, the human normal fibroblast 1BR.3, human ataxia telangiectasia fibroblast AT1BR and the repair-deficient fibroblasts 180BR.B and 46BR.1 were irradiated with 60Co gamma-rays. Radiosensitivity was measured by clonogenic survival assay. DNA damage was measured by fluorometric analysis of DNA unwinding (FADU). RESULTS: The radiosensitivity in the 11 cell lines ranged from SF2 of 0.02-0.61. By FADU assay, the undamaged DNA at 5-Gy ranged from 56 to 93%. The initial DNA damage and radiosensitivity were highly correlated (r2 = 0.81). After 5-Gy irradiation and 12-h repair, two groups of cell lines emerged. Group 1 restored undamaged DNA to a level ranging from 94 to 98%. Group 2 restored the undamaged DNA to a level ranging from 77 to 82%. No correlation was seen between residual DNA damage remaining after 12-h repair and radiosensitivity. CONCLUSION: It is shown that the initial DNA damage correlates with radiosensitivity at low doses of irradiation. This suggests that the initial DNA damage must be considered as a determinant for radiosensitivity.     

Determination of the initial DNA damage and residual DNA damage remaining after 12 hours of repair in eleven cell lines at low doses of irradiation

Purpose : To determine the relationship between DNA damage and radiosensitivity at low doses (1-10Gy) for the initial DNA damage and residual DNA damage remaining after 12-h repair. Materials and methods : Eleven cell lines, normal human lung epithelial L132, HT29 human colon carcinoma, ATs4 human ataxia telangiectasia, normal CHO-K1 hamster, repair-deficient xrs1 and xrs5 mutants, repair-deficient SCID rodent cell line, the human normal fibroblast 1BR.3, human ataxia telangiectasia fibroblast AT1BR and the repair-deficient fibroblasts 180BR.B and 46BR.1 were irradiated with 60 Co γ-rays. Radiosensitivity was measured by clonogenic survival assay. DNA damage was measured by fluorometric analysis of DNA unwinding (FADU). Results : The radiosensitivity in the 11 cell lines ranged from SF2 of 0.02-0.61. By FADU assay, the undamaged DNA at 5-Gy ranged from 56 to 93%. The initial DNA damage and radiosensitivity were highly correlated (r 2 =0.81). After 5-Gy irradiation and 12-h repair, two groups of cell lines emerged. Group 1 restored undamaged DNA to a level ranging from 94 to 98%. Group 2 restored the undamaged DNA to a level ranging from 77 to 82%. No correlation was seen between residual DNA damage remaining after 12-h repair and radiosensitivity. Conclusion : It is shown that the initial DNA damage correlates with radiosensitivity at low doses of irradiation. This suggests that the initial DNA damage must be considered as a determinant for radiosensitivity.     

氧浓度非敏感性低氧诱导因子-1α表达载体的构建及其在PC12细胞系中的表达

目的 构建大鼠非氧浓度敏感性低氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)真核表达载体并观察其在PC12细胞系中的表达. 方法 应用RT-PCR从脊髓损伤区域的细胞总RNA中扩增HIF-1αcDNA,采用重叠延伸PCR的方法克隆获得缺失氧敏感性降解结构域(ODD)的HIF-1α突变体基因克隆,采用质粒_pEGFP-C1构建重组真核融合表达载体,将其转入培养的PC12神经细胞系中,应用所融合的绿色荧光蛋白的表达和Western blot鉴定其在细胞内的表达. 结果 通过重叠延伸PCR的方法成功扩增得到非氧浓度敏感性的HIF-1α突变体基因(HIF-1α△ODD)序列,并构建了过量表达缺失ODD的转录调控因子HIF-1α突变体的重组表达质粒()pEGFPC1-HIF-1α△ODD).将其转染PCI2细胞系后,Western blot和绿色荧光蛋白结果均表明HIF-1α△AODD蛋白能在PC12神经细胞系中正确表达. 结论 成功构建了_pEGFPC1-HIF-1α△ODD真核表达载体并在PC12细胞系中观察到融合蛋白表达.     

稳定转染COL1A1-EGFP基因的ROS17/2.8细胞株的建立

目的 构建稳定表达由COL1A1启动子驱动的增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)的ROS17／2．8细胞株。方法 用PCR方法从大鼠基因组DNA中扩增出长为3．6Kb的COL1A1(Ⅰ型胶原α1链基因)启动子,并克隆到T载体;然后将COL1A1启动子分段酶切,获得不同长度的启动子片段;与报告基因EG—FP相连接,构建成真核表达载体;随后转染ROS17／2．8细胞系,再用G418筛选。结果 得到了稳定转染COL1A1-EGFP基因的ROS17／2．8细胞株。结论 这些细胞株的建立为研究微重力对COL1A1启动子活性及成骨相关基因表达的影响奠定基础。