荚蒾属植物化学成分的研究进展

荚蒾属植物化学成分种类丰富,以vibsane型二萜、环烯醚萜等萜类成分为主,还有黄酮、木脂素、酚类和植物甾醇等成分,药用价值很高,有较大的开发潜力。本文通过查阅和分析相关文献,对荚蒾属植物的化学成分进行全面整理,旨在为该属植物的进一步研究和开发利用提供参考。     

耳草属植物化学成分

综述了近年来耳草属植物中环烯醚萜，三萜，木脂素，蒽醌，黄酮，多糖，甾醇等化学成分及其分布。     

白马骨属植物化学成分和生物活性的研究进展

白马骨属植物在我国资源极为丰富,临床常用于乙肝的治疗,其化学成分类型多样,涉及三萜、木脂素、环烯醚萜苷、醌类、黄酮类、甾体类等,现代药理学研究表明白马骨属植物具有抗乙肝病毒、抑制细菌生长、抗肿瘤、抑制酪氨酸酶活性等多种生物活性,具有良好的研发前景.本文综述了白马骨属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究进展,为其进一步的研究与开发奠定基础.     

肉苁蓉炮制的研究进展

肉苁蓉为临床常用中药,有"沙漠人参"之称。肉苁蓉的化学成分主要包括苯乙醇苷类、生物碱类、环烯醚萜苷类、有机酸类、木脂素苷以及一些挥发性成分。其药理作用主要表现为促激素样作用、促进免疫、抗氧化、抗衰老、通便等作用。主要对肉苁蓉炮制的历史沿革及现代炮制工艺、炮制前后化学成分和药理作用的变化进行综述,以期为深入开展炮制研究及原理解析提供文献依据。     

素馨属植物中环烯醚萜类化学成分及生物活性

木樨科素馨属植物在中国民间有广泛的药用基础，其化学成分多样，已分离到挥发油、萜类、黄酮和环烯醚萜类成分。主要介绍了其中的环烯醚萜类成分以及该属植物的抗心律失常、抗炎、解痉等生物活性。     

龙胆药材中龙胆苦苷和马钱子苷酸含量的测定及其指纹图谱研究

龙胆（Radix gentianae）又名胆草，为龙胆科植物龙胆（Gentiana scabra Bge．）的根及根茎；性寒，味苦，可用于清热燥湿，泻肝胆火。其主要化学成分为裂环烯醚萜苷类化合物，三萜类化合物，多糖类化合物以及生物碱等。龙胆苦苷（C16H20O9）和马钱子苷酸（C16H24O10）是龙胆药材中含量较高的2种活性成分，属于裂环烯醚萜苷类化合物，2005版药典以龙胆苦苷为指标性成分对龙胆进行鉴别和含量测定。     

杜仲的活性成分及其药动学研究进展

杜仲中主要含有木脂素类、环烯醚萜类、苯丙素类、黄酮类等化学成分,现代研究发现杜仲呈现多种显著的生物活性,因此具有较强的药用价值。本文总结了近年来国内外发现的杜仲中化学成分,进一步梳理活性成分,对杜仲及其活性成分的药动学行为进行归纳分析,为今后杜仲的深入研究提供参考。     

印度獐牙菜中的苦杏甙—杜氏利什曼原虫的拓朴异构酶Ⅰ抑制剂

龙胆科植物印度獐牙菜 Swertia chirataBuch-Ham 在印度传统医药中用作苦味健胃剂、解热和驱虫剂。曾报道从中分出三萜、酮、木脂素和环烯醚萜甙类化合物。本文从其甲醇提取液中分得苦杏甙(amarogentin)为一闭联环烯醚萜(secoiridoid)甙,它对杜氏利什曼原虫株 UR_6的 DNA 拓扑异构酶Ⅰ有抑制作用。DNA 拓扑异构酶在调节 DNA 次     

黄毛耳草化学成分的研究

目的：研究黄毛耳草抗癌活性成分。方法：用硅胶,聚酰胺,ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＬＨ－２０等层析方法分离化合物,用光谱和化学方法鉴定结构,结果：鉴定了２３个化合物,其中５个新化合物,黄毛耳草碱具有较强的细胞毒活性。结论：黄毛耳草中主要含有环烯醚萜甙,黄酮,香豆素,木脂素,生物碱等成分,其中生物碱是抗癌活性成分。     

响应面法优化生地黄中4种环烯醚萜苷提取工艺及热稳定性考察

目的优选生地黄中环烯醚萜苷类成分的提取工艺条件,并考察温度对其成分含量变化的影响。方法以4种环烯醚萜苷类成分(梓醇、桃叶珊瑚苷、地黄苷D、地黄苷A)含量为评价指标,通过单因素试验考察不同提取方法、提取时间、溶媒种类、温度、溶媒量对生地黄提取量的影响,并结合响应面法和Box-Behnken优化生地黄提取工艺参数;通过测定4种成分在不同温度下含量的变化,考察其热稳定性。结果生地黄环烯醚萜苷类成分提取最适条件为:加10倍量20%乙醇,浸渍36 h,浸渍温度35℃。验证试验结果显示该条件下提取的4种环烯醚萜苷类成分总量均值为7.520 mg·g~(-1),与预测值7.707 mg·g~(-1)相比,RSD<5%。热稳定性考察结果表明温度对生地黄环烯醚萜苷类成分含量影响较大,4种环烯醚萜苷类成分在加热8 h内均发生了不同程度的降解。结论优选的环烯醚萜苷类成分提取工艺条件稳定可行,在提取液浓缩干燥过程中,为防止生地黄中环烯醚萜苷类成分的降解,应采用低温方法,避免长时间高温受热。     

Anti-hepatotoxic activity of extracts and constituents of Buddleja species

The aqueous extracts of three species of Buddleja which are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of liver ailments have shown an inhibitory effect against induced cytotoxicity of cultured hepatocytes. Fractionation of one of these extracts, from B. globosa leaves, resulted in the isolation of five iridoids, two phenylpropide glycosides, and a flavonoid glycoside. Two of the iridoids were found to be novel compounds, 7-p-methoxycinnamoylaucubin (1) and 7-p-methoxycinnamoylcatalposide (2). One of the phenylpropides, echinacoside, has not previously been reported from Buddleja. Testing of the isolated compounds in the cultured hepatocyte system indicated that the activity is most likely due to the flavonoid and phenylpropide constituents. Phenylpropide glycosides have not previously been shown to have a liver-protectant effect.     

诺丽青果中的环烯醚萜

目的 研究诺丽（Morinda citrifolia）青果的化学成分。方法 利用硅胶、RP-18、Sephadex LH-20 等柱色谱手段进行分离,根据理化性质和波谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。 结果与结论 从其乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部分和正丁醇部分中分离得到5个环烯醚萜类化合物,分别鉴定为 4-epi-dunnisinin(1)、车叶草苷(2)、borreriagenin(3)、去乙酰车叶草苷(4)和车叶草酸(5)。其中,化合物 1 为新化合物。     

Recent developments in the isolation and structure elucidation of naturally occurring iridoid compounds

Naturally occurring iridoid compounds are widely distributed in sympetalous plants and they serve as important taxonomic markers. In this survey their classification is given from the biosynthetic point of view. The recent literature concerning isolation and structure elucidation is reviewed, data on chromatography and spectroscopy, new types of iridoids and secoiridoids as well as new sugar moieties as constituents of iridoid glycosides are presented.     

Metabolic profile of Fructus Gardeniae in human plasma and urine using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution LTQ-orbitrap mass spectrometry

1. In China, Fructus Gardeniae was used as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with a wide array of biological activities. The bioactive components identified in Fructus Gardeniae mainly included iridoids, flavonids, pigments, and so on. Among them, iridoids were regarded as important compounds in Fructus Gardeniae. Though analyses of the constituents in biological samples after oral administration of Fructus Gardeniae effective fraction or its active compounds have been reported, few efforts have been made to investigate the metabolic profile of Fructus Gardeniae in humans. In this study, the constituents and metabolites of Fructus Gardeniae in human blood and urine after oral administration of Fructus Gardeniae were investigated using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with high-resolution LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometery.

2. Totally, 14 constituents (two parent compounds and 12 metabolites) of Fructus Gardeniae were identified in human plasma and urine either by comparing the retention time and mass spectrometry data with that of reference compounds or by the accurate high-resolution MS/MS data of the chemicals. The compounds identified were mainly iridoid glycosides such as geniposide and the derivatives of genipin-O-glucuronide. Among them, 11 metabolites were detected in human plasma and urine while the other three metabolites including geniposidic acid (M1), demethylation derivative of genipin-O-glucuronide (M2), and dehydration product of mono-hydroxylated genipin-O-glucuronide (M9) were only discovered in human urine. Further, the possible metabolic pathways of Fructus Gardeniae in vivo were proposed and the peak area–time curve of the most abundant metabolite genipin-O-glucuronide (M13) in human plasma after oral administration of Fructus Gardeniae was depicted. The results suggested that a metabolic difference existed between rats and humans.

3. The results obtained in the present research would provide basic information to understand the metabolic profile of Fructus Gardeniae in humans and explore the chemicals responsible for the hepatotoxicity of Fructus Gardeniae in vivo. Moreover, it would be beneficial for us to further study the pharmacokinetic behavior of Fructus Gardeniae in humans systematically.     

环烯醚萜类化合物的结构和生物学活性研究进展

目的：详细综述了新发现的、具有较新结构特点的环烯醚萜类化合物及生物学活性研究,为环烯醚萜类化合物的结构活性研究提供新的思路。方法：查阅总结近30年国内外发表的关于环烯醚萜新化合物的文献,总结结构和活性的研究概况。结果：环烯醚萜的主要结构类型环烯醚萜苷类、裂环环烯醚萜和环烯醚萜酯。环烯醚萜类化合物主要临床生物活性具有神经系统的保护作用、抗肿瘤作用和保肝作用等。结论：环烯醚萜类化合物的分布广泛,具有较大的药用价值。通过对环烯醚萜类化合物结构和生物学活性的总结和分析,探讨环烯醚萜化合物结构与活性之间的关系,为药物开发和利用提供文献和数据支持。     

忍冬的化学成分研究进展

忍冬是我国重要的药用植物,其藤、叶、花均可入药。忍冬的化学成分主要包括以绿原酸为代表的有机酸类、黄酮类、环烯醚萜苷类、三萜及三萜皂苷类、挥发油类等,还有单萜环苷类、倍半萜类及其他类化合物。对忍冬各个药用部位的化学成分进行综述,为其进一步研究开发提供参考。     

基于UPLC/Q-TOF-MS技术分析女贞子与墨旱莲配伍协同增效的物质基础

目的：探究女贞子与墨旱莲配伍前后化学成分变化,以期从化学层面阐释二者协同增效机制。方法：采用超高效液相色谱联用四级杆串联飞行时间质谱（UPLC/Q-TOF-MS）技术分析两药配伍前后化学成分差异,通过主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘判别法分析,根据高分辨质谱数据和元素组成等,对筛选到的潜在差异性成分进行结构鉴定。结果：两药合提液和合并液化学成分存在明显差异,其中女贞苷、蟛蜞菊内酯等含量显著下降,而特女贞苷、橄榄苦苷等含量显著升高。结论：女贞子与墨旱莲配伍可显著提高三萜类、环烯醚萜类等多种化学成分在合提液中的溶出量,为探明二者配伍协同增效机制的物质基础提供了重要的实验依据。     

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Fructus Corni using ultrasound assisted microwave extraction and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array UV detection and time-of-flight mass spectrometry

The first successful combination of ultrasound assisted microwave extraction (UAME) with liquid chromatography analysis is described for the quality evaluation of Fructus Corni, a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Due to their multifarious biological activities, seven representative bioactive constituents (two phenolics and five iridoids) were chosen as targets for the quality assessment. The chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 Aq column with gradient elution using methanol and aqueous solution containing 0.2% acetic acid. The quantitative method developed was validated and successfully applied to determine the seven markers in 12 batches of Fructus Corni extract from various habitats. Significant variations were demonstrated in the contents of seven compounds. Further 13 components were tentatively identified by online TOF mass analysis.     

白花败酱的化学成分研究

从败酱科植物白花败酱(Patrinia villosa Juss)的稀醇提取物中分离得到四个成分(A,B,C与D),经光谱分析和衍生物的制备,证明成分C与D系新的环烯醚萜类(iridoids)成分,分别命名为白花败酱醇(villosol,Ⅳ)和白花败酱醇甙(villosolside,Ⅴ),并证明了二者的立体结构。前者为后者的甙元。另外二个(A与B)分别为棕榈酸和齐墩果酸。     

Antiamoebic activity of iridoids from Morinda morindoides leaves

An aqueous decoction (dried extract), an 80 % methanolic extract from Morinda morindoides (Rubiaceae) leaves, and five iridoids isolated from the 80 % methanolic extract were evaluated in vitro for their activity against Entamoeba histolytica and their cytotoxicity. The aqueous decoction and the 80 % methanolic extract exhibited a promising antiamoebic activity with IC (50) values of 3.1 +/- 1.7 and 1.7 +/- 0.6 microg/mL, respectively. All tested iridoids displayed antiamoebic activity, the most active being epoxygaertneroside (IC (50): 1.3 +/- 0.4 microg/mL) and methoxygaertneroside (IC (50): 2.3 +/- 0.7 microg/mL) followed by gaertneroside, acetylgaertneroside and gaertneric acid with IC (50) values of 4.3 +/- 1.8, 5.4 +/- 1.4 and 7.1 +/- 1.4 microg/mL, respectively. Synergistic effects between the iridoids tested, or with other constituents, may explain the high activity of the extracts. All extracts and iridoids were devoid of any cytotoxic effect against MT-4 cells at the highest test concentration of 250 microg/mL. These findings support at least in part the traditional use of Morinda morindoides leaves for the treatment of amoebiasis in the Democratic Republic of Congo.